Gail Model	Claus Model
aAdapted from Domchek et al.,[78] Rubenstein et al.,[79] and Rhodes.[80]
Data derived from	Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) Study	Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) Study
Study population	2,852 cases, aged ≥35 years	4,730 cases, aged 20–54 years
	In situ and invasive cancer	Invasive cancer
	3,146 controls	4,688 controls
	Caucasian	Caucasian
	Annual breast screening	Not routinely screened
Family history characteristics	First-degree relatives with breast cancer	First-degree or second-degree relatives with breast cancer
		Age of onset in relatives
Other characteristics	Current age	Current age
	Age at menarche
	Age at first live birth
	Number of breast biopsies
	Atypical hyperplasia in breast biopsy
	Race (included in the most current version of the Gail model)
Strengths	Incorporates:	Incorporates:
	Risk factors other than family history	Paternal as well as maternal history
		Age at onset of breast cancer
		Family history of ovarian cancer
Limitations	Underestimates risk in hereditary families	May underestimate risk in hereditary families
	Number of breast biopsies without atypical hyperplasia may cause inflated risk estimates	May not be applicable to all combinations of affected relatives
		Does not include risk factors other than family history
	Does not incorporate:
	Paternal family history of breast cancer or any family history of ovarian cancer
	Age at onset of breast cancer in relatives
	All known risk factors for breast cancer [80]
Best application	For individuals with no family history of breast cancer or 1 first-degree relative with breast cancer, aged ≥50 years	For individuals with 0, 1, or 2 first-degree or second-degree relatives with breast cancer
	For determining eligibility for chemoprevention studies

References

78. Domchek SM, Eisen A, Calzone K, et al.: Application of breast cancer risk prediction models in clinical practice. J Clin Oncol 21 (4): 593-601, 2003.  [PUBMED Abstract]
    
    
79. Rubinstein WS, O'Neill SM, Peters JA, et al.: Mathematical modeling for breast cancer risk assessment. State of the art and role in medicine. Oncology (Huntingt) 16 (8): 1082-94; discussion 1094, 1097-9, 2002.  [PUBMED Abstract]
    
    
80. Rhodes DJ: Identifying and counseling women at increased risk for breast cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 77 (4): 355-60; quiz 360-1, 2002.  [PUBMED Abstract]