Reviewed June 2007
What is the official name of the PRODH gene?
The official name of this gene is “proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1.”
PRODH is the gene's official symbol. The PRODH gene is also known by other names, listed below.
What is the normal function of the PRODH gene?
The PRODH gene provides instructions for producing the enzyme proline oxidase, which is found primarily in the brain, liver, and kidney. Within cells of these organs, this enzyme functions in energy-producing structures called mitochondria.
Proline oxidase begins the process of breaking down the protein building block (amino acid) proline by starting the reaction that converts it to pyrroline-5-carboxylate. A subsequent step converts this intermediate product to the amino acid glutamate. The conversion between proline and glutamate is important in maintaining a supply of the amino acids needed for protein production, and for energy transfer within the cell.
How are changes in the PRODH gene related to health conditions?
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hyperprolinemia - caused by mutations in the PRODH gene
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At least 15 mutations in the PRODH gene have been found to reduce the activity of the proline oxidase enzyme. These mutations substitute one amino acid for another amino acid in the enzyme, causing it to perform its function in proline breakdown (degradation) less efficiently. A reduction in proline oxidase function results in a buildup of proline in the body, and in severe cases of hyperprolinemia can cause seizures, intellectual disability, or other neurological or psychiatric problems.
- other disorders - associated with the PRODH gene
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Several studies have shown an association between variations in the PRODH gene and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, while others have shown no significant association. Most of the variations in the PRODH gene result in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the proline dehydrogenase enzyme. The amino acid substitution reduces the enzyme's activity, resulting in less efficient breakdown of proline. Researchers believe that elevated proline levels may affect the action of certain chemicals that transmit signals between neurons in the brain (neurotransmitters), resulting in an increased risk of psychiatric disorders.
Where is the PRODH gene located?
Cytogenetic Location: 22q11.21
Molecular Location on chromosome 22: base pairs 17,280,294 to 17,304,065
The PRODH gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 22 at position 11.21.
More precisely, the PRODH gene is located from base pair 17,280,294 to base pair 17,304,065 on chromosome 22.
See How do geneticists indicate the location of a gene? in the Handbook.
Where can I find additional information about PRODH?
You and your healthcare professional may find the following resources about PRODH helpful.
- Educational resources - Information pages
You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for genetics professionals and researchers.
- PubMed - Recent literature
- OMIM - Genetic disorder catalog
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What other names do people use for the PRODH gene or gene products?
- FLJ33744
- HSPOX2
- MGC148078
- MGC148079
- p53 induced protein
- PIG6
- PRODH1
- PRODH2
- PROD_HUMAN
- proline dehydrogenase (proline oxidase )
- proline oxidase 2
- Proline oxidase, mitochondrial
- SCZD4
- TP53I6
- tumor protein p53 inducible protein 6
Where can I find general information about genes?
The Handbook provides basic information about genetics in clear language.
These links provide additional genetics resources that may be useful.
What glossary definitions help with understanding PRODH?
The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for
professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about
a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified
healthcare professional.
See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? in the Handbook.