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Harrison's Online

Featuring the complete contents of Harrison's Principles of
Internal Medicine, 17th Edition

Anthony S. Fauci, Eugene Braunwald, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, J. Larry Jameson, and Joseph Loscalzo, Eds.

Preface Copyright Contributors

CONTENTS

Part 1. Introduction to Clinical Medicine
	Chapter 1	The Practice of Medicine
	Chapter 2	Global Issues in Medicine
	Chapter 3	Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine
	Chapter 4	Screening and Prevention of Disease
	Chapter 5	Principles of Clinical Pharmacology
	Chapter 6	Women's Health
	Chapter 7	Medical Disorders during Pregnancy
	Chapter 8	Medical Evaluation of the Surgical Patient
	Chapter 9	Geriatric Medicine
	Chapter 10	Complementary and Alternative Medicine Latest Update: 12/15/08: Ginkgo Biloba Treatment Ineffective in Preventing Dementia
	Chapter 11	Palliative and End-of-Life Care Latest Update: 07/15/08: Methylnaltrexone: Relief for Opiate-Induced Constipation
	Chapter e1	The Safety and Quality of Health Care
	Chapter e2	Economic Considerations in the Practice of Medicine
	Chapter e3	Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
	Chapter e4	Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine
Part 2. Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases
Section 1. Pain
	Chapter 12	Pain: Pathophysiology and Management
	Chapter 13	Chest Discomfort
	Chapter 14	Abdominal Pain
	Chapter 15	Headache Latest Update: 08/12/08: Right-to-Left Cardiac Shunts Not Related to Brain Lesions in Migraine with Aura Patients
	Chapter 16	Back and Neck Pain Latest Update: 03/10/08: Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis May Be Effective
Section 2. Alterations in Body Temperature
	Chapter 17	Fever and Hyperthermia
	Chapter 18	Fever and Rash
	Chapter e5	Atlas of Rashes Associated with Fever
	Chapter 19	Fever of Unknown Origin
	Chapter 20	Hypothermia and Frostbite
Section 3. Nervous System Dysfunction
	Chapter 21	Syncope Latest Update: 04/15/08: Neurally Mediated Syncope May Be Driven By Exaggerated Response to Hypocapnia
	Chapter 22	Dizziness and Vertigo Latest Update: 07/17/08: An Evidence-Based Review of Treatments for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
	Chapter 23	Weakness and Paralysis
	Chapter 24	Gait and Balance Disorders
	Chapter 25	Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss
	Chapter 26	Confusion and Delirium
	Chapter e6	Memory Loss
	Chapter 27	Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
	Chapter 28	Sleep Disorders
Section 4. Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat
	Chapter 29	Disorders of the Eye
	Chapter 30	Disorders of Smell, Taste, and Hearing
	Chapter 31	Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Latest Update: 03/03/08: Impact of Treatment with Azithromycin or Clarithromycin on Emergence of Macrolide Resistance in the Oral Streptococcal Flora of Healthy Volunteers
	Chapter 32	Oral Manifestations of Disease
	Chapter e7	Atlas of Oral Manifestations of Disease
Section 5. Alterations in Circulatory and Respiratory Functions
	Chapter 33	Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema
	Chapter 34	Cough and Hemoptysis
	Chapter 35	Hypoxia and Cyanosis
	Chapter 36	Edema
	Chapter e8	Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur
	Chapter 37	Palpitations
Section 6. Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function
	Chapter 38	Dysphagia
	Chapter 39	Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
	Chapter 40	Diarrhea and Constipation Latest Update: 06/26/08: Opioid-Induced Constipation: A New Therapeutic Approach
	Chapter 41	Weight Loss
	Chapter 42	Gastrointestinal Bleeding
	Chapter 43	Jaundice
	Chapter 44	Abdominal Swelling and Ascites
Section 7. Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function
	Chapter 45	Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
	Chapter e9	Atlas of Urinary Sediments and Renal Biopsies
	Chapter 46	Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
	Chapter 47	Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
	Chapter 48	Acidosis and Alkalosis
Section 8. Alterations in Sexual Function and Reproduction
	Chapter 49	Sexual Dysfunction
	Chapter 50	Hirsutism and Virilization
	Chapter 51	Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain
Section 9. Alterations in the Skin
	Chapter 52	Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder
	Chapter 53	Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders
	Chapter 54	Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
	Chapter 55	Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases
	Chapter 56	Cutaneous Drug Reactions
	Chapter 57	Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light
	Chapter e10	Atlas of Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease
Section 10. Hematologic Alterations
	Chapter 58	Anemia and Polycythemia
	Chapter 59	Bleeding and Thrombosis
	Chapter 60	Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen
	Chapter 61	Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes
	Chapter e11	Atlas of Hematology and Analysis of Peripheral Blood Smears
Part 3. Genetics and Disease
	Chapter 62	Principles of Human Genetics
	Chapter 63	Chromosome Disorders
	Chapter 64	The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine
	Chapter 65	Gene Therapy in Clinical Medicine Latest Update: 05/14/08: Gene Therapy for a Degenerative Retinal Disease
Part 4. Regenerative Medicine
	Chapter 66	Stem Cell Biology
	Chapter 67	Applications of Stem Cell Biology in Clinical Medicine
	Chapter 68	Hematopoietic Stem Cells
	Chapter 69	Tissue Engineering
Part 5. Nutrition
	Chapter 70	Nutritional Requirements and Dietary Assessment
	Chapter 71	Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess
	Chapter 72	Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment
	Chapter 73	Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
	Chapter 74	Biology of Obesity
	Chapter 75	Evaluation and Management of Obesity Latest Update: 03/25/08: A Possible New Mechanism to Control Obesity
	Chapter 76	Eating Disorders
Part 6. Oncology and Hematology
Section 1. Neoplastic Disorders
	Chapter 77	Approach to the Patient with Cancer Latest Update: 07/02/08: Distinct Patterns of Cancer Incidence in Patients Infected with HIV
	Chapter 78	Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer
	Chapter 79	Cancer Genetics
	Chapter 80	Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis Latest Update: 11/02/07: An Epothilone Approved for Use in Metastatic Breast Cancer
	Chapter 81	Principles of Cancer Treatment
	Chapter 82	Infections in Patients with Cancer
	Chapter 83	Cancer of the Skin
	Chapter 84	Head and Neck Cancer Latest Update: 10/31/07: Addition of Docetaxel to Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil Improves Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer
	Chapter 85	Neoplasms of the Lung
	Chapter 86	Breast Cancer Latest Update: 01/29/08: Paclitaxel-Containing Adjuvant Chemotherapy Is Particularly Effective in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
	Chapter 87	Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Latest Update: 10/07/08: Progress on Colon Cancer Screening
	Chapter 88	Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree Latest Update: 11/11/08: Hot Topic: Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Ability to Predict Outcome Using Gene Expression Analysis on Fixed Tissues
	Chapter 89	Pancreatic Cancer
	Chapter 90	Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas
	Chapter 91	Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate Latest Update: 04/02/08: Serum Testosterone Levels Do Not Affect Prostate Cancer Risk
	Chapter 92	Testicular Cancer Latest Update: 09/04/07: Curability of Relapsed Metastatic Testicular Cancer
	Chapter 93	Gynecologic Malignancies
	Chapter 94	Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone Metastases
	Chapter 95	Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
	Chapter 96	Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic
	Chapter 97	Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes
	Chapter e12	Thymoma
	Chapter e13	Late Consequences of Cancer and Its Treatment
Section 2. Hematopoietic Disorders
	Chapter 98	Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias
	Chapter 99	Disorders of Hemoglobin Latest Update: 06/30/08: Hydroxyurea Improves the Clinical Course in Adults with Sickle Cell Anemia
	Chapter 100	Megaloblastic Anemias
	Chapter 101	Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss
	Chapter 102	Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplasia, and Related Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
	Chapter 103	Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Diseases
	Chapter 104	Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
	Chapter 105	Malignancies of Lymphoid Cells
	Chapter 106	Plasma Cell Disorders
	Chapter 107	Transfusion Biology and Therapy Latest Update: 07/03/08: Young Blood: Does It Matter?
	Chapter 108	Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Section 3. Disorders of Hemostasis
	Chapter 109	Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall
	Chapter 110	Coagulation Disorders
	Chapter 111	Venous Thrombosis
	Chapter 112	Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs Latest Update: 07/07/08: Fatal Allergic Reactions to Heparin: Problem Solved
Part 7. Infectious Diseases
Section 1. Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases
	Chapter 113	Introduction to Infectious Diseases: Host–Pathogen Interactions
	Chapter 114	Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis
	Chapter 115	Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient
	Chapter 116	Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use Latest Update: 12/29/08: Immunogenicity of Monovalent Type 1 vs Trivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccines in Newborns
	Chapter 117	Health Advice for International Travel Latest Update: 07/18/08: Efficacy and Safety of a Vaccine Patch Against Travelers' Diarrhea Caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
	Chapter e14	Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Section 2. Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections
	Chapter 118	Infective Endocarditis Latest Update: 01/14/08: Prosthetic-Valve Endocarditis: Current Clinical Profile and Outcome
	Chapter 119	Infections of the Skin, Muscle, and Soft Tissues
	Chapter 120	Osteomyelitis
	Chapter 121	Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses Latest Update: 01/22/08: Relaparotomy in Severe Peritonitis: Comparison of an On-Demand vs a Planned Strategy
	Chapter 122	Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning
	Chapter 123	Clostridium difficile–Associated Disease, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis Latest Update: 09/25/07: Hot Topic: Clostridium difficile Colitis: Is It Now More Common and More Severe in Hospitalized Patients?
	Chapter 124	Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach
	Chapter e15	Infectious Complications of Burns and Bites
Section 3. Clinical Syndromes: Health Care–Associated Infections
	Chapter 125	Health Care–Associated Infections Latest Update: 09/29/08: Common Contamination of Gloves and Gowns with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci during Routine Patient Care
	Chapter 126	Infections in Transplant Recipients
Section 4. Approach to Therapy for Bacterial Diseases
	Chapter 127	Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections
Section 5. Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
	Chapter 128	Pneumococcal Infections Latest Update: 06/30/08: Lack of Impact of Adjuvant Glucocorticoids on Time to Death or Hospital Discharge in Children with Bacterial Meningitis
	Chapter 129	Staphylococcal Infections Latest Update: 04/25/08: Hot Topic: Epidemiology of Invasive Infections Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States
	Chapter 130	Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections Latest Update: 06/19/08: Recent Trends in the Epidemiology of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease
	Chapter 131	Diphtheria and Other Infections Caused by Corynebacteria and Related Species
	Chapter 132	Infections Caused by Listeria monocytogenes
	Chapter 133	Tetanus
	Chapter 134	Botulism
	Chapter 135	Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections
Section 6. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria
	Chapter 136	Meningococcal Infections
	Chapter 137	Gonococcal Infections
	Chapter 138	Moraxella Infections
	Chapter 139	Haemophilus Infections
	Chapter 140	Infections Due to the HACEK Group and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria
	Chapter 141	Legionella Infection
	Chapter 142	*Pertussis and Other Bordetella* Infections**
	Chapter 143	Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli
	Chapter 144	Helicobacter pylori Infections Latest Update: 12/28/07: Gastric Mucosa–Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma: Benefits of a Watch and Wait Strategy
	Chapter 145	*Infections Due to Pseudomonas* Species and Related Organisms**
	Chapter 146	Salmonellosis
	Chapter 147	Shigellosis
	Chapter 148	*Infections Due to Campylobacter* and Related Species**
	Chapter 149	Cholera and Other Vibrioses
	Chapter 150	Brucellosis
	Chapter 151	Tularemia
	Chapter 152	*Plague and Other Yersinia* Infections**
	Chapter 153	Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease
	Chapter 154	Donovanosis
Section 7. Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections
	Chapter 155	Nocardiosis
	Chapter 156	Actinomycosis
	Chapter 157	Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms
Section 8. Mycobacterial Diseases
	Chapter 158	Tuberculosis Latest Update: 10/03/08: Hot Topic: Epidemiology of Tuberculosis among Foreign-Born Residents of the United States
	Chapter 159	Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
	Chapter 160	Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
	Chapter 161	Antimycobacterial Agents Latest Update: 01/30/09: Adverse Event Frequency and Therapy Adherence: Superiority of 4-Month Rifampin Regimen to 9-Month Isoniazid Course in Patients with Latent Tuberculosis
Section 9. Spirochetal Diseases
	Chapter 162	Syphilis Latest Update: 01/12/09: Normalization of Serum Rapid Plasma Reagin Titer: A Valuable Predictor of Normalization of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Clinical Abnormalities after Treatment of Neurosyphilis
	Chapter 163	Endemic Treponematoses
	Chapter 164	Leptospirosis
	Chapter 165	Relapsing Fever
	Chapter 166	Lyme Borreliosis
Section 10. Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae
	Chapter 167	Rickettsial Diseases
	Chapter 168	Infections Due to Mycoplasmas
	Chapter 169	Chlamydial Infections
Section 11. Viral Diseases: General Considerations
	Chapter 170	Medical Virology
	Chapter 171	Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral Drugs
Section 12. Infections Due to DNA Viruses
	Chapter 172	Herpes Simplex Viruses
	Chapter 173	Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections Latest Update: 01/10/08: Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Varicella: Decrease over Time and Value of a Second Vaccine Dose
	Chapter 174	Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis
	Chapter 175	Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8
	Chapter 176	Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other Poxviruses, Excluding Smallpox Virus
	Chapter 177	Parvovirus Infections
	Chapter 178	Human Papillomavirus Infections Latest Update: 02/28/08: Genital Infection with Human Papillomavirus: High Incidence in a Cohort of Young Men
Section 13. Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses
	Chapter 179	Common Viral Respiratory Infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
	Chapter 180	Influenza Latest Update: 12/23/08: Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy: Clinical Efficacy in Mothers and Infants
Section 14. Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses
	Chapter 181	The Human Retroviruses
	Chapter 182	Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders Latest Update: 08/14/08: Hot Topic: Sixty Percent of U.S. Adults Have Never Been Tested for HIV Infection
Section 15. Infections Due to RNA Viruses
	Chapter 183	Viral Gastroenteritis
	Chapter 184	Enteroviruses and Reoviruses
	Chapter 185	Measles (Rubeola)
	Chapter 186	Rubella (German Measles)
	Chapter 187	Mumps Latest Update: 07/23/08: The Resurgence of Mumps: Possible Need for Vaccine Policy Changes
	Chapter 188	Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections
	Chapter 189	Infections Caused by Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viruses
	Chapter 190	Ebola and Marburg Viruses
Section 16. Fungal and Algal Infections
	Chapter 191	Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections Latest Update: 10/16/08: Lack of Efficacy of Empirical Fluconazole in Intensive Care Unit Patients at High Risk of Invasive Candidiasis
	Chapter 192	Histoplasmosis
	Chapter 193	Coccidioidomycosis
	Chapter 194	Blastomycosis
	Chapter 195	Cryptococcosis
	Chapter 196	Candidiasis Latest Update: 01/23/08: Anidulafungin: Equal or Superior to Fluconazole for the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis
	Chapter 197	Aspergillosis
	Chapter 198	Mucormycosis
	Chapter 199	Miscellaneous Mycoses and Algal Infections
	Chapter 200	Pneumocystis Infection
Section 17. Protozoal and Helminthic Infections: General Considerations
	Chapter e16	Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
	Chapter 201	Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections
	Chapter e17	Pharmacology of Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections
Section 18. Protozoal Infections
	Chapter 202	Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebas
	Chapter 203	Malaria
	Chapter 204	Babesiosis
	Chapter e18	Atlas of Blood Smears of Malaria and Babesiosis
	Chapter 205	Leishmaniasis Latest Update: 02/04/08: Paromomycin: A Valuable Drug in the Treatment of Kala-Azar
	Chapter 206	Trypanosomiasis
	Chapter 207	Toxoplasma Infections
	Chapter 208	Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis
Section 19. Helminthic Infections
	Chapter 209	Trichinella and Other Tissue Nematodes
	Chapter 210	Intestinal Nematodes
	Chapter 211	Filarial and Related Infections
	Chapter 212	Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections
	Chapter 213	Cestodes
Part 8. Bioterrorism and Clinical Medicine
	Chapter 214	Microbial Bioterrorism
	Chapter 215	Chemical Bioterrorism
	Chapter 216	Radiation Bioterrorism
Part 9. Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Section 1. Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders
	Chapter 217	Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System
	Chapter 218	Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease
	Chapter 219	Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease
Section 2. Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders
	Chapter 220	Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System
	Chapter 221	Electrocardiography
	Chapter e19	Atlas of Electrocardiography
	Chapter 222	Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography, Nuclear Cardiology, and MRI/CT Imaging
	Chapter e20	Atlas of Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging
	Chapter 223	Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography
Section 3. Disorders of Rhythm
	Chapter 224	Principles of Electrophysiology
	Chapter 225	The Bradyarrhythmias Latest Update: 07/14/08: Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk
	Chapter 226	The Tachyarrhythmias Latest Update: 12/30/08: Benefit of Catheter Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation
	Chapter e21	Atlas of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Section 4. Disorders of the Heart
	Chapter 227	Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale Latest Update: 06/09/08: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with a Narrow QRS Duration
	Chapter 228	Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted Circulation
	Chapter 229	Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
	Chapter 230	Valvular Heart Disease Latest Update: 01/08/08: Assessment of Valvular Heart Disease by CT
	Chapter 231	Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Latest Update: 08/08/08: Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Syndrome
	Chapter 232	Pericardial Disease
	Chapter 233	Tumors and Trauma of the Heart
	Chapter 234	Cardiac Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Section 5. Vascular Disease
	Chapter 235	The Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Atherosclerosis
	Chapter e22	Atlas of Atherosclerosis
	Chapter 236	The Metabolic Syndrome
	Chapter 237	Ischemic Heart Disease
	Chapter 238	Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
	Chapter 239	ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Latest Update: 06/24/08: Strategies for Reducing the Door-to-Balloon Time in Acute Myocardial Infarction
	Chapter 240	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
	Chapter e23	Atlas of Percutaneous Revascularization
	Chapter 241	Hypertensive Vascular Disease
	Chapter 242	Diseases of the Aorta
	Chapter 243	Vascular Diseases of the Extremities Latest Update: 07/21/08: Rivaroxaban in the Prevention and Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis
	Chapter 244	Pulmonary Hypertension
Part 10. Disorders of the Respiratory System
Section 1. Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders
	Chapter 245	Approach to the Patient with Disease of the Respiratory System
	Chapter 246	Disturbances of Respiratory Function
	Chapter 247	Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Disease
	Chapter e24	Atlas of Chest Imaging
Section 2. Diseases of the Respiratory System
	Chapter 248	Asthma
	Chapter 249	Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia
	Chapter 250	Environmental Lung Disease
	Chapter 251	Pneumonia Latest Update: 12/31/08: Protection Against Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia by Silver-Coated Endotracheal Tubes: An Unresolved Issue
	Chapter 252	Bronchiectasis and Lung Abscess
	Chapter 253	Cystic Fibrosis
	Chapter 254	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Latest Update: 12/08/08: Lack of Effect of Chronic Anticholinergic Therapy on the Progression of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
	Chapter 255	Interstitial Lung Diseases
	Chapter e40	New! Altitude Illness: Acute Mountain Sickness, High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema, and High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
	Chapter 256	Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism Latest Update: 07/25/08: Rivaroxaban for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
	Chapter 257	Disorders of the Pleura and Mediastinum
	Chapter 258	Disorders of Ventilation Latest Update: 06/18/08: Diaphragmatic Pacing
	Chapter 259	Sleep Apnea
	Chapter 260	Lung Transplantation Latest Update: 03/14/08: Bilateral versus Single Lung Transplantation
Part 11. Critical Care Medicine
Section 1. Respiratory Critical Care
	Chapter 261	Principles of Critical Care Medicine
	Chapter 262	Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
	Chapter 263	Mechanical Ventilatory Support
Section 2. Shock and Cardiac Arrest
	Chapter 264	Approach to the Patient with Shock
	Chapter 265	Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
	Chapter 266	Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema Latest Update: 09/14/07: Risk and Benefit of Thrombolysis and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Elderly ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
	Chapter 267	Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death Latest Update: 02/22/08: Consequences of Delayed Defibrillation after In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Section 3. Neurologic Critical Care
	Chapter 268	Coma Latest Update: 05/07/08: Study of Pathology of Brain Death Patients Reveals Heterogeneity
	Chapter 269	Neurologic Critical Care, Including Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Latest Update: 01/16/08: Use of Dexmedetomidine in ICU for Sedation Leads to Less Delirium and Coma Compared with Lorazepam
Section 4. Oncologic Emergencies
	Chapter 270	Oncologic Emergencies
Part 12. Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
	Chapter 271	Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney
	Chapter 272	Adaptation of the Kidney to Renal Injury
	Chapter 273	Acute Renal Failure
	Chapter 274	Chronic Kidney Disease
	Chapter 275	Dialysis in the Treatment of Renal Failure
	Chapter 276	Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure
	Chapter 277	Glomerular Diseases
	Chapter 278	Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Inherited Tubular Disorders
	Chapter 279	Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney
	Chapter 280	Vascular Injury to the Kidney
	Chapter 281	Nephrolithiasis
	Chapter 282	Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis
	Chapter 283	Urinary Tract Obstruction
Part 13. Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System
Section 1. Disorders of the Alimentary Tract
	Chapter 284	Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease Latest Update: 02/05/08: Postoperative Ileus: Mast Cell Activation and Inflammation May Be Key
	Chapter 285	Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
	Chapter e25	Video Atlas of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
	Chapter 286	Diseases of the Esophagus Latest Update: 05/27/08: Eosinophilic Esophagitis: An Increasingly Prevalent Disease
	Chapter 287	Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders Latest Update: 10/02/07: On the Long-term Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors
	Chapter 288	Disorders of Absorption
	Chapter 289	Inflammatory Bowel Disease Latest Update: 07/08/08: Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer: The Potential Pathogenic Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor
	Chapter 290	Irritable Bowel Syndrome
	Chapter 291	Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal Disorders Latest Update: 02/05/08: Postoperative Ileus: Mast Cell Activation and Inflammation May Be Key
	Chapter 292	Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency
	Chapter 293	Acute Intestinal Obstruction
	Chapter 294	Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis
Section 2. Liver and Biliary Tract Disease
	Chapter 295	Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease
	Chapter 296	Evaluation of Liver Function
	Chapter 297	The Hyperbilirubinemias
	Chapter 298	Acute Viral Hepatitis Latest Update: 11/18/08: Hot Topic: FDA Approves DNA Test to Measure Hepatitis B Virus Levels
	Chapter 299	Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
	Chapter 300	Chronic Hepatitis Latest Update: 12/09/08: Hot Topic: Chronic Hepatitis C: A Reassessment of Long-Term Treatment
	Chapter 301	Alcoholic Liver Disease
	Chapter 302	Cirrhosis and Its Complications Latest Update: 02/12/08: Cannabis Use on the Severity of Hepatitis C Disease
	Chapter e26	Atlas of Liver Biopsies
	Chapter 303	Genetic, Metabolic, and Infiltrative Diseases Affecting the Liver
	Chapter 304	Liver Transplantation
	Chapter 305	Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
Section 3. Disorders of the Pancreas
	Chapter 306	Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease
	Chapter 307	Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Latest Update: 01/19/09: Chronic Pancreatitis: The Use of Antioxidants to Reduce Chronic Pain
Part 14. Disorders of the Immune System, Connective Tissue, and Joints
Section 1. The Immune System in Health and Disease
	Chapter 308	Introduction to the Immune System
	Chapter 309	The Major Histocompatibility Complex
	Chapter 310	Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
	Chapter e27	Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated with or Secondary to Other Diseases
Section 2. Disorders of Immune-Mediated Injury
	Chapter 311	Allergies, Anaphylaxis, and Systemic Mastocytosis
	Chapter 312	Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases
	Chapter 313	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
	Chapter 314	Rheumatoid Arthritis
	Chapter 315	Acute Rheumatic Fever
	Chapter 316	Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders
	Chapter 317	Sjögren's Syndrome
	Chapter 318	The Spondyloarthritides
	Chapter 319	The Vasculitis Syndromes Latest Update: 12/05/07: Characterization of a Large Series of Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis
	Chapter e28	Atlas of Clinical Imaging of the Vasculitic Diseases
	Chapter 320	Behçet's Syndrome
	Chapter 321	Relapsing Polychondritis
	Chapter 322	Sarcoidosis
	Chapter 323	Familial Mediterranean Fever
	Chapter 324	Amyloidosis
Section 3. Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues
	Chapter 325	Approach to Articular and Musculoskeletal Disorders
	Chapter 326	Osteoarthritis
	Chapter 327	Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies
	Chapter 328	Infectious Arthritis Latest Update: 02/07/08: Sonication of Explanted Hip and Knee Prostheses: Greater Sensitivity Than Periprosthetic-Tissue Culture for Diagnosis of Infection
	Chapter 329	Fibromyalgia Latest Update: 10/16/07: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation May Be Effective for Pain in Fibromyalgia
	Chapter 330	Arthritis Associated with Systemic Disease and Other Arthritides
	Chapter 331	Periarticular Disorders of the Extremities
Part 15. Endocrinology and Metabolism
Section 1. Endocrinology
	Chapter 332	Principles of Endocrinology
	Chapter 333	Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus
	Chapter 334	Disorders of the Neurohypophysis
	Chapter 335	Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
	Chapter 336	Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
	Chapter 337	Pheochromocytoma
	Chapter 338	Diabetes Mellitus Latest Update: 08/04/08: Hot Topic: Intensive Glucose Control Does Not Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes
	Chapter 339	Hypoglycemia
	Chapter 340	Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive System Latest Update: 04/30/08: Multigenic Causes of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
	Chapter 341	The Female Reproductive System: Infertility and Contraception
	Chapter 342	The Menopause Transition and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy
	Chapter 343	Disorders of Sex Development
	Chapter 344	Endocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas
	Chapter 345	Disorders Affecting Multiple Endocrine Systems
Section 2. Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
	Chapter 346	Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease
	Chapter 347	Diseases of the Parathyroid Gland and Other Hyper- and Hypocalcemic Disorders
	Chapter 348	Osteoporosis Latest Update: 05/20/08: Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
	Chapter 349	Paget Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone
Section 3. Disorders of Intermediary Metabolism
	Chapter 350	Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
	Chapter 351	Hemochromatosis Latest Update: 09/19/07: Hemochromatosis: Potential Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors To Reduce the Frequency of Phlebotomies
	Chapter 352	The Porphyrias
	Chapter 353	Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
	Chapter 354	Wilson Disease
	Chapter 355	Lysosomal Storage Diseases
	Chapter 356	Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
	Chapter 357	Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
	Chapter 358	Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults
	Chapter 359	Inherited Defects of Membrane Transport
	Chapter e29	Atlas of Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Diseases
Part 16. Neurologic Disorders
Section 1. Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders
	Chapter 360	Mechanisms of Neurologic Diseases
	Chapter 361	Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
	Chapter 362	Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders Latest Update: 11/13/07: Brain MRI Commonly Reveals Incidental Findings
	Chapter e30	Atlas of Neuroimaging
	Chapter e31	Electrodiagnostic Studies of Nervous System Disorders: EEG, Evoked Potentials, and EMG
	Chapter e32	Technique of Lumbar Puncture
Section 2. Diseases of the Central Nervous System
	Chapter 363	Seizures and Epilepsy Latest Update: 01/22/09: A Decision Analysis Demonstrates Benefit of Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
	Chapter 364	Cerebrovascular Diseases Latest Update: 11/04/08: Hot Topic: Admission INR Inversely Associated with Infarct Volume in Ischemic Stroke
	Chapter 365	Dementia Latest Update: 01/26/09: Hippocampal Mechanisms Explain the Contribution of Diabetes and Stroke to Late-Life Cognitive Decline
	Chapter 366	Parkinson's Disease and Other Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders Latest Update: 04/23/08: Parkinsonism in Users of Methcathinone Likely Related to Manganese
	Chapter 367	Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
	Chapter 368	Ataxic Disorders
	Chapter 369	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
	Chapter 370	Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
	Chapter 371	Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell's Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders Latest Update: 11/09/07: Prednisolone, but not Acyclovir, Effective for Treatment of Bell’s Palsy
	Chapter 372	Diseases of the Spinal Cord
	Chapter 373	Concussion and Other Head Injuries
	Chapter 374	Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System Latest Update: 02/13/08: Negative Language Mapping Technique Successful in Dominant Hemisphere Brain Tumor Surgeries
	Chapter 375	Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases Latest Update: 11/25/08: Alemtuzumab is an Effective Therapy for Early Multiple Sclerosis
	Chapter 376	Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain Abscess, and Empyema Latest Update: 05/02/08: Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Vasculopathy Has Diverse Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics
	Chapter 377	Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
	Chapter 378	Prion Diseases
Section 3. Nerve and Muscle Disorders
	Chapter 379	Peripheral Neuropathy Latest Update: 08/11/08: A Detailed Description of Small Fiber Neuropathy
	Chapter 380	Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies Latest Update: 09/11/07: Systematic Review of Immunotherapies for Guillain-Barré Syndrome
	Chapter 381	Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction Latest Update: 09/03/08: Mycophenolate Mofetil Not More Effective than Prednisone in Myasthenia Gravis
	Chapter 382	Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases Latest Update: 09/19/08: Polymorphism Identified that Increases Risk of Statin-Induced Myopathy
	Chapter 383	Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis
	Chapter e33	Special Issues in Inpatient Neurologic Consultation Latest Update: 07/09/08: CABG Surgery Not Linked to Cognitive Decline
Section 4. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
	Chapter 384	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Section 5. Psychiatric Disorders
	Chapter 385	Biology of Psychiatric Disorders
	Chapter 386	Mental Disorders Latest Update: 12/10/08: Depression in Coronary Heart Disease May be Explained by Physical Inactivity
Section 6. Alcoholism and Drug Dependency
	Chapter 387	Alcohol and Alcoholism
	Chapter 388	Opioid Drug Abuse and Dependence
	Chapter 389	Cocaine and Other Commonly Abused Drugs
	Chapter 390	Nicotine Addiction
Part 17. Poisoning, Drug Overdose, and Envenomation
	Chapter e34	Heavy Metal Poisoning
	Chapter e35	Poisoning and Drug Overdosage
	Chapter 391	Disorders Caused by Reptile Bites and Marine Animal Exposures
	Chapter 392	Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Bites and Stings
Part 18. e-Chapters from International Advisory Editors
	Chapter e36	Pulmonary Biomarkers in COPD
	Chapter e37	Chagas' Disease: Advances in Diagnosis and Management
	Chapter e38	The Polypill
	Chapter e39	Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases
Appendix: Laboratory Values of Clinical Importance
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1/30/2009: Adverse Event Frequency and Therapy Adherence: Superiority of 4-Month Rifampin Regimen to 9-Month Isoniazid Course in Patients with Latent Tuberculosis

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