Reviewed February 2007
What is the official name of the MMP20 gene?
The official name of this gene is “matrix metallopeptidase 20.”
MMP20 is the gene's official symbol. The MMP20 gene is also known by other names, listed below.
What is the normal function of the MMP20 gene?
The MMP20 gene provides instructions for making a protein called enamelysin, which is essential for normal tooth development. Enamelysin is involved in the formation of enamel, which is the hard, white material that forms the protective outer layer of each tooth. Enamel is composed mainly of mineral-containing crystals. These microscopic crystals are arranged in organized bundles that give enamel its strength and durability.
Certain proteins are needed to shape and organize the crystals as they form, but these proteins must be removed for enamel to harden normally. Enamelysin cuts (cleaves) other proteins involved in enamel formation, such as amelogenin and ameloblastin, into smaller pieces. Cleavage of these proteins makes them easier to remove when they are no longer needed.
How are changes in the MMP20 gene related to health conditions?
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amelogenesis imperfecta - caused by mutations in the MMP20 gene
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At least two mutations in the MMP20 gene have been identified in people with an autosomal recessive form of amelogenesis imperfecta. Autosomal recessive inheritance means that two copies of the MMP20 gene in each cell are altered. Each of the known mutations alters a single DNA building block (base pair) in a critical region of the MMP20 gene, preventing cells from producing any functional enamelysin. Without this protein, amelogenin and other proteins are not cleaved properly during enamel formation. The resulting enamel is soft and has an abnormal crystal structure. Teeth with this defective enamel are abnormally rough, discolored, and prone to breakage.
Where is the MMP20 gene located?
Cytogenetic Location: 11q22.3
Molecular Location on chromosome 11: base pairs 101,952,775 to 102,001,272
The MMP20 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 11 at position 22.3.
More precisely, the MMP20 gene is located from base pair 101,952,775 to base pair 102,001,272 on chromosome 11.
See How do geneticists indicate the location of a gene? in the Handbook.
Where can I find additional information about MMP20?
You and your healthcare professional may find the following resources about MMP20 helpful.
- Educational resources - Information pages
You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for genetics professionals and researchers.
- PubMed - Recent literature
- OMIM - Genetic disorder catalog
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What other names do people use for the MMP20 gene or gene products?
- enamel metalloproteinase
- matrix metallopeptidase 20 (enamelysin)
- matrix metalloproteinase 20
- MMP-20
- MMP20_HUMAN
Where can I find general information about genes?
The Handbook provides basic information about genetics in clear language.
These links provide additional genetics resources that may be useful.
What glossary definitions help with understanding MMP20?
The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for
professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about
a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified
healthcare professional.
See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? in the Handbook.