Reviewed August 2007
What is the official name of the PALB2 gene?
The official name of this gene is “partner and localizer of BRCA2.”
PALB2 is the gene's official symbol. The PALB2 gene is also known by other names, listed below.
What is the normal function of the PALB2 gene?
The PALB2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called partner and localizer of BRCA2. As its name suggests, this protein interacts with the protein produced from the BRCA2 gene. These two proteins work together to mend broken strands of DNA, which prevents cells from accumulating genetic damage that can trigger them to divide uncontrollably. Because PALB2 and BRCA2 help control the rate of cell growth and division, these proteins are described as tumor suppressors.
The PALB2 protein stabilizes the BRCA2 protein and anchors it to structures within the nucleus, allowing BRCA2 to fix damaged DNA. Breaks in DNA can be caused by natural and medical radiation or other environmental exposures, and also occur when chromosomes exchange genetic material in preparation for cell division. By helping repair mistakes in DNA, the PALB2 and BRCA2 proteins play a critical role in maintaining the stability of a cell's genetic information.
How are changes in the PALB2 gene related to health conditions?
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breast cancer - associated with the PALB2 gene
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About 10 mutations in the PALB2 gene have been identified in people with familial forms of breast cancer. These mutations occur in one copy of the gene in each cell and result in the production of an abnormally short version of the PALB2 protein. The defective protein cannot work with BRCA2 to repair damaged DNA effectively. As defects accumulate in DNA, they can trigger cells to grow and divide uncontrollably and form a tumor. Researchers believe that PALB2 mutations may be associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in breast cancer risk.
- other disorders - caused by mutations in the PALB2 gene
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A condition called Fanconi anemia type N (FA-N) results from two mutated copies of the PALB2 gene in each cell. These mutations severely reduce or eliminate the activity of the PALB2 protein. Without enough of this protein, breaks in DNA are not repaired normally and genetic damage can build up over time. As a result, people with Fanconi anemia are prone to several types of cancer. In particular, Fanconi anemia type N increases the risk of several childhood cancers, including a rare form of kidney cancer called Wilms' tumor and a brain tumor called medulloblastoma. Additionally, people with Fanconi anemia experience bone marrow suppression, which causes an abnormal reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets made by the bone marrow. The reduced production of red blood cells causes the anemia characteristic of this disorder.
Where is the PALB2 gene located?
Cytogenetic Location: 16p12.1
Molecular Location on chromosome 16: base pairs 23,521,983 to 23,560,127
The PALB2 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 16 at position 12.1.
More precisely, the PALB2 gene is located from base pair 23,521,983 to base pair 23,560,127 on chromosome 16.
See How do geneticists indicate the location of a gene? in the Handbook.
Where can I find additional information about PALB2?
You and your healthcare professional may find the following resources about PALB2 helpful.
- MedlinePlus - Health information
- Educational resources - Information pages
- Gene Reviews - Clinical summary
- Gene Tests - DNA tests ordered by healthcare professionals
You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for genetics professionals and researchers.
- PubMed - Recent literature
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OMIM - Genetic disorder catalog (2 links)
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What other names do people use for the PALB2 gene or gene products?
- FANCN
- Fanconi anemia, complementation group N
- FLJ21816
- PALB2_HUMAN
Where can I find general information about genes?
The Handbook provides basic information about genetics in clear language.
These links provide additional genetics resources that may be useful.
What glossary definitions help with understanding PALB2?
The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for
professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about
a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified
healthcare professional.
See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? in the Handbook.