| Disease/Syndrome |
Asthma, irritant-induced |
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| Category |
Airway Disease |
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| Acute/Chronic |
Acute-Moderate |
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| Synonyms |
Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) |
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| Comments |
RADS criteria are: 1) no history of asthma or other chronic lung disease; 2) follows high-level exposure to pulmonary irritant with symptoms usually developing within 24 hours of exposure; 3) symptoms persist for at least 12 weeks; and 4) objective evidence of asthma including at least 12% improvement of FEV1 after bronchodilator or positive methacholine challenge test; [Rosenstock, p. 296] Substances reported to cause irritant-induced asthma include HCl, calcium oxide, chlorine, acetic acid, sulfur dioxide, uranium hexafluoride, hydrazine, floor sealant, metal coating remover, spray paint containing ammonia, smoke inhalation, and diisocyanates. [Asthma in the Workplace, p. 582] RADS can be viewed as one kind of nonimmunological asthma. Other chronic effects reported after toxic inhalation injuries are bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans. [LaDou, p. 312-3] Cases of irritant asthma have been reported after exposure to Halon 1211 (bromochlorodifluoromethane), Halon 1301 (bromotrifluoromethane) used in fire extinguishers, and from heated freons. [Matrat M et al. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome caused by bromochlorodifluoromethane from fire extinguishers. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:712-714] |
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| Latency/Incubation |
Onset within 24 hours |
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| Diagnostic |
History; Spirometry; Methacholine challenge test |
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| ICD-9 Code |
493.0 |
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| Related Information in Haz-Map |
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| Symptoms/Findings |
Symptoms/Findings associated with this disease:
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| Job Tasks |
High risk job tasks associated with this disease:
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| Agents |
Hazardous agents that cause the occupational disease:
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