This graphic is titled Research Avenues for Molecular Targeting. It shows a cancer cell and its microenvironment surrounded by five icons. The icons are as follows:
- A circle composed of three arrows, with a dotted line arrow around one third of the outside of the circle. This icon represents efforts to influence the cancer cell to reregulate itself, or assume a more normal state.
- A cross. This icon represents efforts to turn on self-destruct pathways that cause a cancer cell to commit suicide.
- A y-shaped antibody molecule. This icon represents efforts to stimulate the body's immune system to reject the cancer.
- An infinity sign overlaid with a circle with a diagonal strike through it. This icon represents efforts to prevent the cell from acquiring the capacity to repeatedly replicate itself.
- An illustration of blood vessels, overlaid with a circle with a diagonal strike through it. This icon represents efforts to interfere with a cell's capacity to use surrounding tissue to support its growth - e.g., through angiogenesis.
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This graphic illustrates the National Cancer Institute's role in cancer research. Three types of activities are described in text arranged in an ellipse orbiting around the phrase "Partnerships & Collaborations". The three paragraphs are:
- Integrate discovery. Interdisciplinary science
- Accelerate development. Translational research
- Ensure delivery. Application in the Clinic & Public Health Programs
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This graphic illustrates the process of drug discovery and development. Three text areas are lined up over a line showing the span of 15 years. Arrows associated with each text area indicate roughly where on the timeline each step in the process can beginThe three text areas are:
- Identification and Preclinical Testing - Averages 4.4 years - Associated arrow points at 0 years<
- 5,000 compounds screened to identify 250 for preclinical testing
- Laboratory/preclinical testing conducted to assess safety and biological activity in the laboratory and in animal models
- Investigational New Drug (IND) application filed with the Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
- Clinical Trials - Averages 8.6 years - Associated arrow points at just above 4 years
- 5 of the 250 compounds advance to clinical testing
- Phase I – Determines safe dosage and how treatment should be given
- Phase II – Evaluates effectiveness and looks for side effects
- Phase III – Determines whether the new treatment or new use of a treatment is a better alternative to the current standard
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- Post-Clinical Trials
- New Drug Application or Biologics License Application filed with FDA
- FDA Approval for one new drug
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This graphic is a pie chart illustrating the proportions of the budget assigned to each of ten major line items. The percentages are as follows, listed in descending order:
| Line Item |
Percentage |
| Research Project Grants |
45.5% |
| Intramural Research |
12.8% |
| Research Support Contracts |
11.2% |
| Clinical Trials Infrastructure |
9.3% |
| Cancer Centers |
6.1% |
| Research Management and Support |
4.0% |
| Cancer Control Operations |
3.3% |
| SPOREs |
3.3% |
| Training and Education Grants |
3.1% |
| Other Grants |
1.5% |
end of description
This graphic is a pie chart illustrating the proportions of the requested increases assigned to each of ten major line items. The percentages are as follows, listed in descending order:
| Line Item |
Percentage |
| Research Project Grants |
40.9% |
| Clinical Trials Infrastructure |
17.3% |
| Research Support Contracts |
15.8% |
| Cancer Centers |
8.0% |
| Research Management and Support |
5.0% |
| SPOREs |
5.0% |
| Intramural Research |
4.3% |
| Other Grants |
2.0% |
| Training and Education Grants |
1.2% |
| Cancer Control Operations |
0.6% |