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Generic Name Stem |
Stem Definition |
Examples |
-abine |
(see -arabine, -citabine) |
decitabine |
-ac |
Anti-inflammatory
agents (acetic acid derivatives) |
bromfenac; dexpemedolac |
-acetam |
See
-racetam |
|
-actide |
Synthetic corticotropins |
seractide |
-adol or -aldol- |
Analgesics
(mixed opiate receptor agonists/ antagonists) |
tazadolene;
spiradolene; levonantradol |
-adox |
Antibacterials
(quinoline dioxide derivatives) |
carbadox |
-afenone |
Antiarrhythmics
(propafenone derivatives) |
alprafenone; diprafenone |
-afil |
PDE5 inhibitors |
tadalafil |
-aj- |
Antiarrhythmics (ajmaline
derivatives) |
lorajmine |
-aldrate |
Antacid aluminum salts |
magaldrate |
-algron |
Alpha1 - and alpha2
- adrenoreceptor agonists |
dabuzalgron |
-alol |
Combined alpha and beta
blockers |
labetalol; medroxalol |
-amivir |
(see
-vir) |
|
-ampa |
Ionotropic
non-NMDA glutamate receptors (AMPA and/or KA receptors) |
|
-ampanel |
Ionotropic
non-NMDA glutamate receptors (AMPA and/or KA receptors) ; antagonists |
becampanel |
-ampator |
Ionotropic
non-NMDA glutamate receptors (AMPA and/or KA receptors) ; modulators |
forampator |
-andr- |
Androgens |
nandrolone |
-anib |
Angiogenesis inhibitors |
semaxanib |
-anserin |
Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor
antagonists |
altanserin;
tropanserin; adatanserin |
-antel |
Anthelmintics (undefined
group) |
carbantel |
-antrone |
Antineoplastics;
anthraquinone derivatives |
pixantrone |
-apsel |
P-selectin antagonists |
torapsel |
-arabine |
Antineoplastics
(arabinofuranosyl derivatives) |
fazarabine; fludarabine |
aril-, -aril, -aril- |
Antiviral (arildone
derivatives) |
pleconaril; arildone; fosarilate |
-arit |
Antirheumatics (lobenzarit
type) |
lobenzarit; clobuzarit |
-arol |
Anticoagulants (dicumarol
type) |
dicumarol |
-arone |
Antiarrhythmics |
amiodarone; dronedarone |
-arot- |
Arotinoids |
etarotene;
sumarotene;
tazarotene |
-arotene |
Arotinoid derivatives |
bexarotene; linarotene;
tazarotene |
arte- |
Antimalarials (artemisin
derivatives) |
arteflene |
-ase |
Enzymes |
alglucerase;
dornase
alfa |
subgroups: |
|
|
-dismase |
Enzymes
; superoxide dismutase activity
(exception: orgotein) |
sudismase |
-teplase |
Enzymes ;
tissue-type plasminogen activators |
alteplase;
duteplase;
silteplase |
-uplase |
Enzymes ;
urokinase-type plasminogen activators |
saruplase;
nasaruplase; |
-ast |
Antiasthmatics/antiallergics
(not acting primarily as antihistamines; leukotriene biosynthesis
inhibitors) |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-lukast |
Antiasthmatics/antiallergics
; leukotriene receptor antagonists |
cinalukast; pobilukast |
-milast |
Antiasthmatics/antiallergics ; type IV phosphodiesterase
inhibitors |
piclamilast |
-trodast |
Antiasthmatics/antiallergics ; thromboxane A2 receptor
antagonists |
seratrodast |
-zolast |
Antiasthmatics/antiallergics
; benzoxazole derivatives |
eclazolast; ontazolast |
-tegr- |
Antiasthmatics/antiallergics
; integrin antagonists |
valategrast |
-(a)tadine |
Tricyclic
histaminic-H1 receptor antagonists,
loratadine derivatives |
desloratadine;
rupatadine;
somantadine |
-astine |
Antihistaminics
(histamine-H1 receptor antagonists) |
ebastine |
-atadine |
Tricyclic antiasthmatics |
olopatadine;
loratadine |
-axine |
Antianxiety,
antidepressant inhibitor of norepinephrine and dopamine re-uptake |
|
-(f)axine |
|
radafaxine |
-azenil |
Benzodiazepine
receptor agonists/antagonists |
bretazenil;
flumazenil; |
-azepam |
Antianxiety agents (diazepam
type) |
lorazepam |
-azepide |
Cholecystokinin receptor
antagonists |
devazepide |
-azocine |
Narcotic
antagonists/agonists (6,7-benzomorphan derivatives) |
quadazocine;
ketazocine; |
-azoline |
Antihistamines/local
vasoconstrictors (antazoline type) |
antazoline |
-azosin |
Antihypertensives (prazosin
type) |
doxazosin |
-bactam |
Beta-lactamase inhibitors |
sulbactam |
-bamate |
Tranquilizers/antiepileptics
(propanediol and pentanediol groups) |
meprobamate;
felbamate; |
-barb or -barb |
Barbituric acid derivatives |
phenobarbital;
secobarbital;
eterobarb |
-begron |
Beta 3 adrenoreceptor agonist |
talibegron |
-bendazole |
Anthelmintics (tibendazole
type) |
cambendazole |
-berel |
Beta estrogen receptor agonist |
prinaberel |
-bersat |
Anticonvulsants;
antimigraine (benzoylamino-benzpyran derivatives) |
carabersat;
tidembersat; |
bol- or -bol- |
Anabolic steroids |
bolandiol;
mibolerone; |
-bufen |
Non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory agents, fenbufen derivatives |
indobufen |
-bulin |
Antineoplastics
(mitotic inhibitors; tubulin binders) |
mivobulin |
-butan |
Antiseptics (dapabutan type) |
dapabutan;
lopobutan; |
-butazone |
Anti-inflammatory
analgesics (phenylbutazone type) |
mofebutazone |
-caine |
Local anesthetics |
dibucaine |
calci- or -calci- |
Vitamin D analogues |
calcipotriene;
tacalcitol; |
-camra |
Antivirals
(intracellular adhesion molecules,
icam-1 derivatives) |
tremacamra |
-camsule |
Camphorsulfonic
acid derivatives used as UVA
sunscreens |
ecamsule |
-casan |
Caspase
(interleukin –1b) converting enzyme inhibitors |
pralnacasan |
-caserin |
Serotonin receptor
agonists, primarily 5-HT2 |
lorcaserin;
vabicaserin; |
-castat |
(see
-stat) |
|
-carbef |
Antibiotics (carbacephem
derivatives) |
loracarbef |
-catib |
Cathespin inhibitors |
balicatib |
-cavir |
(see
-vir) |
|
cef- |
Cephalosporins |
cefazolin |
-cept |
Receptor
molecules, native or modified ( a preceding infix should designate the
target) |
alvircept |
subgroups: |
|
|
-co- |
Receptor
molecules, native or modified ;complement receptors |
mirococept |
-facept |
Receptor
molecules, native or modified ;lymphocyte function-associated with antigen
3 (LFA) receptor |
alefacept |
-farcept |
Receptor
molecules, native or modified ; interferon receptors |
pifarcept |
-lefacept |
Receptor
molecules, native or modified ; lymphocyte function-associated antigen
3 |
alefacept |
|
|
|
-nercept |
Receptor
molecules, native or modified ; tumor necrosis factor receptors |
lenercept |
-vircept |
Receptor
molecules, native or modified ; antiviral receptors |
alvircept |
-cet |
Receptors (small molecule) |
|
subgroup: |
|
|
-calcet |
Receptors (small molecule) ;
calcium |
tecalcet |
-cetrapib |
Cholesterol ester
transfer protein inhibitors |
torcetrapib |
-cic |
Hepatoprotectives (timonacic
type) |
limazocic |
-ciclib |
Cyclin dependent kinase
inhibitors |
seliciclib |
-ciclovir |
(see
vir-) |
|
-cidib |
Cyclin dependent kinase
inhibitor |
alvocidib |
-cidin |
Natural antibiotics
(undefined group) |
gramicidin |
-ciguat |
Guanaline cyclase activator |
ataciguat; atriciguat |
-cillin |
Penicillins |
ampicillin |
-citabine |
Nucleoside
antiviral or antineoplastic agents, cytarabine or azarabine derivatives |
gemcitabine;
fiacitabine;
zalcitabine |
-clidine |
Muscarinic agonists
(various indications) |
vedaclidine;
talsaclidine; |
-clone |
Hypnotics/tranquilizers
(zopiclone type) |
pagoclone |
-cog |
Blood coagulation factors |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-eptacog |
Blood
coagulation factors ; blood coagulation factor VII |
eptacog alfa (activated) |
-nonacog |
Blood
coagulation factors ; blood coagulation factor IX |
nonacog alfa |
-octocog |
Blood
coagulation factors ; blood coagulation factor VIII |
moroctocog alfa;
octocog
alfa |
-cogin |
Blood coagulation cascade
inhibitor |
tifacogin |
-conazole |
Systemic antifungals
(miconazole type) |
fluconazole;
oxiconazole; |
-cort- |
Cortisone derivatives |
hydrocortisone |
-coxib |
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors |
celecoxib;
parecoxib;
valdecoxib |
-cridar |
(see
-dar) |
|
‑crinat |
Diuretics (ethacrynic
acid derivatives) |
brocrinat |
-crine |
Acridine derivatives |
amsacrine; quinacrine |
‑cromil |
Antiallergics
(cromoglicic acid derivatives) |
nedocromil |
-curium (also -curonium) |
Neuromuscular
blocking agents (quaternary ammonium compounds) |
atracurium;
alcuronium;
pipecuronium |
‑cycline |
Antibiotics (tetracycline
derivatives) |
minocycline |
-dan |
Positive inotropic
agents (pimobendan type) |
prinoxodan;
indolidan |
-dapsone |
Antimycobacterials
(diaminodiphenylsulfone derivatives) |
acedapsone |
-dar |
Multidrug resistance
inhibitors |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-cridar |
Multidrug
resistance inhibitors ;acridine carboxamide derivatives |
elacridar |
-icodar |
Multidrug
resistance inhibitors ;pipecolic acid derivatives |
biricodar |
-quidar |
Multidrug
resistance inhibitors ; quinoline derivatives |
lamiquidar;
zozuquidar; |
-spodar |
Multidrug
resistance inhibitors ; ciclosporin D derivatives |
valspodar |
-denoson |
Adenosine A receptor agonists |
tecadenoson,;
binodenoson; |
-dermin |
(see
-ermin) |
|
dil-, -dil‑ or ‑dil |
Vasodilators (undefined group) |
fostedil |
‑dipine |
Phenylpyridine
vasodilators (nifedipine type) |
darodipine;
felodipine; |
-dismase |
(see
-ase) |
|
-distim |
(see
-stim) |
|
-ditan |
Antimigraine (5-HT1
receptor agonists) |
alniditan |
-dopa |
Dopamine receptor agonists |
levodopa |
-dore |
Dopamine D2D3 receptor
modulators |
aplindore
fumarate |
-dotin |
Synthetic analogs of
the dolastatin series |
tasidotin
HCl |
-dralazine |
Antihypertensives
(hydrazine‑phthalazines) |
hydralazine;
endralazine; |
-dronate |
Calcium metabolism regulators |
etidronate;
tiludronate; |
-dutant |
(see
-tant) |
|
-ectedin |
Ecteinascodin derivatives |
monectedin |
-ectin |
Antiparasitics (ivermectin
type) |
doramectin;
moxidectin; |
-elestat |
(see
-stat) |
|
-elvakin |
(see
-kin) |
|
-emcinal |
Erythromycin
derivatives lacking antibiotic activity |
mitemcinal |
-entan |
Endothelin receptor
antagonists |
bosentan |
-eptacog |
(see
-cog) |
|
-eptakin |
(see
-kin) |
|
-erg- |
Ergot alkaloid derivatives |
pergolide |
-eridine |
Analgesics (meperidine type) |
anileridine |
-ermin |
Growth factors |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-bermin |
Growth
factors ; vascular endothelial growth factors |
telbermin |
-dermin |
Growth factors ;
epidermal growth factors |
murodermin |
-fermin |
Growth factors ;
fibroblast growth factors |
ersofermin |
-nermin |
Growth factors ; tumor
necrosis factors |
sonermin;
tasonermin; |
-plermin |
Growth factors ;
platelet derived growth factors |
becaplermin |
-sermin |
Growth factors ;
insulin-like growth factors |
mecasermin |
-termin |
Growth factors
; transforming growth
factors |
cetermin |
-otermin |
growth factors ; bone
morphogenetic proteins |
dibotermin alfa |
estr- or -estr- |
Estrogens |
estrone; fenestrel |
-estrant |
Estrogen antagonists |
fulvestrant |
-etanide |
Diuretics (piretanide type) |
bumetanide |
-exakin |
(see
-kin) |
|
-ezolid |
Oxazolidinone antibacterials |
eperezolid;
linezolid; |
-farnib |
Farnesyl transferase inhibitor |
tipifarnib |
-fenamate |
"fenamic acid"
ester or salt derivatives |
etofenamate |
-fenamic acid |
Anti-inflammatory
agents (anthranilic acid derivatives) |
flufenamic acid |
-fenin |
Diagnostic
aids ((phenylcarbamoyl)methyl iminodiacetic acid derivatives) |
arclofenin |
-fenine |
Analgesics (fenamic acid
subgroup) |
floctafenine |
-fentanil |
Narcotic analgesics
(fentanyl derivatives) |
alfentanil;
mirfentanil;
brifentanil |
-fentrine |
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor |
pumafentrine |
-fermin |
(see
-ermin) |
|
-fetamin(e) |
Amfetamine
derivatives |
levmetamfetamine |
-fiban |
Fibrinogen
receptor antagonists
(glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists) |
lamifiban;
tirofiban; |
-fibatide |
(see
-tide) |
|
-fibrate |
Antihyperlipidemics
(clofibrate type) |
bezafibrate |
-filcon |
Hydrophilic contact lens
materials |
alphafilcon A;
xylofilcon A;
mipafilcon
A |
-fingol |
Sphingosine derivatives |
cedefingol;
safingol |
-flapon |
5-lipoxygenase-activating
protein (FLAP) inhibitors |
quiflapon |
-flurane |
General
inhalation anesthetics
(halogenated alkane derivatives) |
enflurane |
-fo- |
Phosphoro-derivatives |
adefovir |
-focon |
Hydrophobic contact lens
materials |
trifocon A;
pasifocon B;
satafocon A |
-formin |
Hypoglycemics (phenformin
type) |
buformin |
-fradil |
Calcium channel
blockers acting as vasodilators |
mibefradil |
-fulven |
Antineoplastic, acylfulven
derivatives |
viridofulven |
-fungin |
Antifungal antibiotics
(undefined group) |
kalafungin |
-fylline |
Theophylline derivatives |
enprofylline;
bamifylline;
cipamfylline |
-gab- |
Gabamimetics |
fengabine |
gado- |
Gadolinium
derivatives (principally for diagnostic use) |
gadodiamide;
gadoteridol;
gadobenate |
-gapil |
Neuronal apoptosis
inhibitors; GAPDH |
omigapil |
-ganan |
Antimicrobial,
bactericidal permeability increasing polypeptide |
iseganan;
pexiganan; |
-gatran |
Thrombin inhibitors
(argatroban type) |
efegatran |
-gest- |
Progestins |
megestrol |
-giline |
MAO inhibitors, type B |
selegiline |
-gillin |
Antibiotics (Aspergillus
strains) |
mitogillin |
gli- |
Antihyperglycemics |
gliflumide |
-gliptin |
Antihyperglycemics
; dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-IV inhibitors |
vildagliptin |
-glitazar |
Antihyperglycemics
; PPAR agonists (not thiazolidene derivatives) |
farglitizar |
-glitazone |
Antihyperglycemics
; PPST agonists (thiazolidene derivatives) |
ciglitazone;
rosiglitazone |
-glumide |
CCK antagonists,
antiulcer, anxiolytic agent |
amiglumide;
itriglumide; |
-golix |
GnRH receptor antagonists
(nonpeptide) |
rupugolix |
-gosivir |
(see
-vir) |
|
-gramostim |
(see
-stim) |
|
-grastim |
(see
-stim) |
|
-grel- or -grel |
Platelet
aggregation inhibitors (undefined group) |
itazigrel;
dimetagrel;
furegrelate |
guan- |
Antihypertensives
(guanidine derivatives) |
guanoctine |
-ibat |
Ileal bile acid transport
inhibitor |
barixibat |
-icam |
Anti-inflammatory agents
(isoxicam type) |
enolicam;
tenoxicam; |
-icodar |
(see
-dar) |
|
-ifen(e) |
Antiestrogens
of the clomifene and tamoxifen groups |
nitromifene;
raloxifene;
droloxifene |
-ilide |
Class III antiarrhythmic
agents |
ibutilide;
risotilide;
dofetilide |
-imepodib |
Inosine
monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors |
merimepodib |
-imex |
Immunostimulants |
forfenimex;
roquinimex;
ubenimex |
-imibe- |
Antihyperlipidaemics,
acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors |
eldacimibe;
avasimibe;
pactimibe |
-imod |
Immunomodulators |
ivarimod;
pidotimod; |
subgroup: |
|
|
-mapimod |
Immunomodulators
; mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors |
dormapimod |
-imus |
Immunosuppressives |
tacrolimus;
napirimus;
gusperimus;
sirolimus |
io- |
Iodine-containing contrast
media |
iodamide |
-irudin |
Anticoagulants (hirudin type) |
desirudin |
-isant |
Histamine H3 receptor
antagonists |
cipralisant |
-isomide |
Antiarrhythmics
(disopyramide derivatives) |
bidisomide |
-ium (also -onium) |
Quaternary ammonium
derivatives |
clidinium;
disiquonium;
polixetonium; |
-ixafor |
CXCR4 antagonists |
plerixifor |
‑kacin |
Antibiotics
obtained from Streptomyces kanamyceticus (related to kanamycin) |
amikacin |
-kalant |
Potassium channel antagonists |
almokalant; terikalant |
-kalim |
Potassium channel agonists |
cromakalim;
aprikalim; |
-kalner |
Opener
of large conductance calcium-activated (maxi-k) K+ channels |
flindokalner |
-kef- |
Enkephalin agonists
(various indications) |
metkephamide;
casokefamide; |
-kin |
Interleukin type substances |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-decakin |
Interleukin
type substances ; interleukin-10 analogues and derivatives |
ilodecakin |
-dodekin |
Interleukin
type substances ; interleukin-12 analogues and derivatives |
edodekin
alfa |
-elvekin |
Interleukin
type substances ; interleukin 11 analogues and derivatives |
oprelvekin |
-eptakin |
Interleukin
type substances ; interleukin 7 analogues and derivatives |
|
-exakin |
Interleukin
type substances ; interleukin 6 analogues and derivatives |
atexakin alfa |
-leukin |
Interleukin
type substances ; interleukin 2 analogues and derivatives |
teceleukin; aldesleukin |
-nakin |
Interleukin 1 analogues
and derivatives |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-onakin |
Interleukin
1 analogues and derivatives ; interleukin 1-a analogues and derivatives |
pitonakin |
-benakin |
Interleukin
1 analogues and derivatives ; iinterleukin 1-b analogues and
derivatives |
mobenakin |
-nonakin |
Interleukin
1 analogues and derivatives ; iinterleukin 9 analogues and derivatives |
|
-octakin |
Interleukin
1 analogues and derivatives ; iinterleukin 8 analogues and derivatives |
emoctakin |
-penkin |
Interleukin
1 analogues and derivatives ; iinterleukin 5 analogues and derivatives |
|
-trakin |
Interleukin
1 analogues and derivatives ; iinterleukin 4 analogues and derivatives |
binetrakin |
-kinra |
Interleukin receptor
antagonists |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-nakinra |
Interleukin
receptor antagonists ; interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists |
anakinra |
-kiren |
Renin inhibitors |
ditekiren;
terlakiren;
zankiren |
-lazad |
Lipid peroxidation inhibitors |
tirilazad |
-leptin |
Leptin derivatives |
metreleptin |
‑leukin |
(see
-kin) |
|
-lipim |
Lipoprotein lipase activators |
ibrolipim |
-locib |
Antineoplastics
that inhibit the formation of 5-LO, LTB4, LTC4, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2);
and Activate PPARg nuclear
receptors |
etalocib |
-lubant |
Leukotriene
receptor antagonists (treatment of inflammatory skin disorders) |
ticolubant |
-lukast |
(see
-ast) |
|
-lutamide |
Antiandrogens |
bicalutamide;
flutamide; |
-lutril |
Neutral
endopeptidase inhibitors possessing additional endothelin converting
enzyme inhibitory activity |
daglutril |
-mab |
Monoclonal antibodies |
imciromab;
abciximab;
capromab;
dacliximab;
detumomab; enlimomab |
-axo- |
Monoclonal
antibodies ; rat-murine hybrid antibodies |
|
-les- |
Monoclonal
antibodies ; infix for inflammatory/infectious lesions |
|
-toxa- |
Monoclonal antibodies ;
toxin as a target |
urtoxazumab |
-mantadine or -mantine |
Antivirals/antiparkinsonians
(adamantane derivatives) |
rimantadine; dopamantine |
-mastat |
(see
-stat) |
|
-meline |
Cholinergic
agonists (arecoline derivatives used in treatment of Alzheimer's
disease) |
xanomeline |
-melteon |
Selective melatonin receptor
agonist |
ramelteon |
-mer |
Polymers |
cadexomer;
carbetimer |
-mesine |
Sigma receptor ligands |
igmesine;
panamesine |
-mestane |
Antineoplastics (aromatase
inhibitors) |
plomestane |
-metacin |
Anti‑inflammatory
agents (indomethacin type) |
zidometacin |
-micin |
Antibiotics (Micromonospora
strains) |
maduramicin;
gentamicin |
-monam |
Monobactam antibiotics |
gloximonam;
oximonam;
tigemonam |
-morelin |
(see
-relin) |
|
-moren |
Non-peptidic growth
hormone secretagogues |
ibutamoren |
-mostim |
(see
-stim) |
|
-motine |
Antivirals (quinoline
derivatives) |
famotine |
-moxin |
Monoamine
oxidase inhibitors (hydrazine derivatives) |
benmoxin;
domoxin; |
-mulin |
Antibacterials,
pleuromulin derivatives |
retapamulin |
-multin |
Mucosal tolerance inductors |
ismomultin |
-mustine |
Antineoplastics
(chloroethylamine
derivatives) |
carmustine |
-mycin |
Antibiotics (Streptomyces
strains) |
lincomycin |
nab- or ‑nab‑ |
Cannabinol derivatives |
nabazenil; dronabinol |
-nakalant |
Mixed sodium/potassium
channel blockers |
vernakalant |
-nakin |
(see
-kin) |
|
nal- |
Narcotic
agonists/antagonists (normorphine type) |
nalmefene |
-navir |
(see
vir-) |
|
-nercept |
(see
-cept) |
|
-nermin |
(see
-ermin) |
|
-nertant |
Neurotensin receptor
antagonists |
reminertant |
-nesib |
Kinesin inhibitors |
ispinesib |
-netant |
(see
-tant) |
|
-neurin |
Neurotensin
receptor antagonists; neurotropins |
abrineurin |
-nicline |
Nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor partial agonists/agonists nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
agents (tenidap |
altinicline |
-nidap |
Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory agents (tenidap type) |
ilonidap;
tenidap; |
-nidazole |
Antiprotozoal
substances (metronidazole type) |
tinidazole |
nifur- |
5‑nitrofuran derivatives |
nifuratel;
nifuratrone; |
-nil |
Benzodiazepine
receptor antagonists/agonists |
|
-punil |
Mitochondrial
benzodiazepine receptor (MBR) selective, partial, or inverse agonists
(purine derivatives) |
emapunil |
-quinil |
Benzodiazepine
receptor agonists, also partial or
inverse (quinoline derivatives) |
lirequinil |
-nixin |
Anti-inflammatory
agents (anilinonicotinic
acid derivatives) |
clonixin |
-nonacog |
(see
-cog) |
|
-nonakin |
(see
-kin) |
|
-octacog |
(see
-cog) |
|
-octakin |
(see
-kin) |
|
-olol |
Beta‑blockers (propranolol
type) |
timolol; atenolol |
-olone |
Steroids (not
prednisolone derivatives) |
minaxolone |
-onide |
Topical steroids (acetal
derivatives) |
amcinonide |
-opilone |
Epothilone |
filopilone |
-orex |
Anorexiants |
fludorex |
-orphan |
Narcotic
antagonists/agonists dextro-(morphinan derivatives) |
methorphan;
dextrorphan |
-osuran |
Urotensin receptor antagonists |
palosuran |
-otilate |
Hepatoprotectants,
di-isopropyl-1,3-dithiol- malonate derivatives |
mivotilate |
-oxacin |
Antibacterials (quinolone
derivatives) |
difloxacin; ciprofloxacin |
-oxan |
Alpha-adrenoceptor
antagonists (benzodioxane derivatives) |
imiloxan |
-oxanide |
Antiparasitics
(salicylanilide derivatives) |
bromoxanide |
-oxef |
Antibiotics
(oxacefalosporanic acid derivatives) |
flomoxef |
-oxetine |
Antidepressants (fluoxetine
type) |
dapoxetine; seproxetine |
-pafant |
Platelet-activating factor
antagonists |
apafant; dacopafant; tulopafant; lexipafant |
-pamide |
Diuretics
(sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives) |
alipamide |
‑pamil |
Coronary vasodilators
(verapamil type) |
tiapamil |
-pamine |
Dopaminergics (butopamine
type) |
fosopamine;
ibopamine; |
-panel |
AMPA receptor antagonists |
fanapanel;
irumpanel;
talampanel |
-parcil |
Antithrombotics |
beciparcil;
iliparcil; |
-parcin |
Glycopeptide antibiotics |
avoparcin |
-parin |
Heparin
derivatives and low molecular weight (or depolymerized) heparins |
heparin;
tinzaparin;
dalteparin |
-parinux |
Antithrombotyic
indirect selective synthetic factor Xa inhibitors |
fondaparinux |
-paroid |
Antithrombotics (heparinoid
type) |
danaparoid; sulparoid |
peg- |
PEGylated compounds |
pegcaristim;
pegnartograstim; pegvisomant |
-penem |
Antibacterial
antibiotics (carbapenem derivatives) |
imipenem |
-penkin |
(see
-kin) |
|
perflu- |
Blood
substitutes and/or diagnostics (perfluorochemicals) |
perflubron;
perflunafene; |
-peridol |
Antipsychotics (haloperidol
type) |
haloperidol |
-peridone |
Antipsychotics (risperidone
type) |
risperidone;
iloperidone;
ocaperidone |
-perone |
Antianxiety
agents/neuroleptics (4'‑fluoro‑4‑piperidinobutyrophenone derivatives) |
duoperone |
-pezil |
Acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease |
icopezil ;
donepezil; |
-pidem |
Hypnotics/sedatives (zolpidem
type) |
zolpidem;
alpidem; |
-pirdine |
Cognition enhancers |
linopirdine;
besipirdine;
sibopirdine |
-pirox |
Antimycotics (pyridone
derivatives) |
ciclopirox |
-pitant |
(see
-tant) |
|
-plact |
Platelet factor 4
analogs and derivatives |
iroplact |
-pladib |
Phospholipase A2 inhibitors |
ecopladib |
-planin |
Antibacterials
(Actinoplanes strains) |
mideplanin;
ramoplanin;
teicoplanin |
-platin |
Antineoplastics (platinum
derivatives) |
cisplatin |
-plasninin |
Inhibitors
of plasminogen activator inhibitors – type 1 |
tiplasninin |
-plermin |
(see
-ermin) |
|
-plestim |
(see
-stim) |
|
-plon |
Non-benzodiazepine
anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics |
ocinaplon ;
zaleplon; |
-poetin |
Erythropoietins |
epoetin alfa;
epoetin beta; |
-porfin |
Benzoporphyrin derivatives |
verteporfin; temoporfin |
-pramine |
Antidepressants (imipramine
type) |
lofepramine |
-prazan |
Acid pump
inhibitors, not dependent on acid activation |
omidaprazan |
-prazole |
Antiulcer agents
(benzimidazole derivatives) |
omeprazole;
disuprazole; |
subgroup: |
|
|
-maprazole |
Antiulcer
agents (benzimidazole derivatives) ; acid pump inhibitors |
pumaprazole |
pred-, -pred- or -pred |
Prednisone and
prednisolone derivatives |
prednicarbate;
cloprednol;
oxisopred |
-pressin |
Vasoconstrictors
(vasopressin derivatives) |
desmopressin |
-pride |
Sulpiride derivatives |
remoxipride;
zacopride; |
-pril |
Antihypertensives (ACE
inhibitors) |
enalapril;
temocapril;
spirapril |
-prilat |
Antihypertensives
(ACE inhibitors) (diacid analogs of the -pril entity) |
enalaprilat;
spiraprilat; |
-prinim |
Nootropic agents, purine
derivatives |
leteprinim |
-prim |
Antibacterials (trimethoprim
type) |
ormetoprim |
-prisnil |
Selective
progesterone receptor modulators (SPRM) |
asoprisnil |
-pristin |
Antibacterials,
pristinamycin derivatives |
quinupristin;
efepristin; |
-pristone |
Progesterone receptor
antagonists |
mifepristone |
-profen |
Anti-inflammatory/analgesic
agents (ibuprofen type) |
flurbiprofen |
-prost- or -prost |
Prostaglandin derivatives |
rioprostil;
dinoprost |
-protafib |
Protein tyrosine
phosphatase 1B inhibitors |
ertiprotafib |
-pultide |
(see
-tide) |
|
-proget |
Nonsteroidal
ligand for the progesterone receptor |
tanaproget |
-queside |
Cholesterol sequestrants
(glycosides) |
pamaqueside |
-racetam |
Nootropes (piracetam type) |
piracetam |
-racil |
Uracil type antineoplastics |
eniluracil;
gemeracil;
oteracil |
-relin |
Prehormones
or hormone-release stimulating peptides subgroups: |
nafarelin |
-morelin |
Growth
hormone-release stimulating peptides |
dumorelin |
-tirelin |
Thyrotropin releasing
hormone analogues |
protirelin |
-relix |
Hormone‑release
inhibiting peptides aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone type) |
detirelix |
-renone |
Aldosterone
antagonists (spironolactone type) |
canrenone |
-restat |
(see
-stat) |
|
-retin- or -retin |
Retinol derivatives |
etretinate;
pelretin |
-rev |
Therapeutic virus |
|
-tucirev |
Therapeutic virus ;
tumoricidal |
lontucirev |
-ribine |
Ribofuranil
derivatives (pyrazofurin type) |
loxoribine |
rifa- |
Antibiotics (rifamycin
derivatives) |
rifapentine;
rifampin; |
‑rinone |
Cardiotonics (amrinone type) |
milrinone |
-rozole |
Aromatase
inhibitors (imidazole/triazole derivatives) |
letrozole;
fadrozole;
vorozole |
-rsen |
Antisense oligonucleotides |
alicaforsen |
-rubicin |
Antineoplastic
antibiotics (daunorubicin type) |
esorubicin; idarubicin |
sal-, -sal- or -sal |
Anti-inflammatory
agents (salicylic acid derivatives) |
mesalamine;
diflunisal;
balsalazide |
-sartan |
Angiotensin II receptor
antagonists |
losartan;
eprosartan; |
-semide |
Diuretics (furosemide type) |
azosemide |
-sermin |
(see
-ermin) |
|
-serod |
Serotonin
receptor antagonists and
partial agonists |
piboserod |
-serpine |
Rauwolfia alkaloid derivatives |
reserpine |
-setron |
Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists |
ondansetron;
granisetron;
lurosetron |
-siban |
Oxytocin antagonists |
barusiban |
-sidomine |
Antianginals (sydnone
derivatives) |
pirsidomine;
molsidomine;
linsidomine |
som- |
Growth hormone derivatives |
somatrem;
somatropin; |
som- -bove |
Growth
hormone derivatives ; bovine somatotropin derivatives |
sometribove |
som- -por |
Growth
hormone derivatives ; porcine somatotropin derivatives |
sometripor;
somagrepor; |
-sonan |
5-HT1B receptor antagonists |
elzasonan |
-spirone |
Anxiolytics (buspirone type) |
zalospirone;
tiospirone; |
-spodar |
(see
-dar) |
|
-sporin |
Immunosuppressants
(cyclosporine type) |
geclesporin; oxeclosporin |
-stat-, -stat |
Enzyme inhibitors |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-castat |
Enzyme
inhibitors ; dopamine beta-hydrolase (DBH) inhibitors |
nepicastat |
-elestat |
Enzyme inhibitors ;
elastase inhibitors |
sivelestat |
-inostat |
Enzyme
inhibitors ; inhibitors of histone deacetylase |
dacinostat |
-mastat |
Enzyme
inhibitors ; antineoplastics (matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors) |
batimastat |
-(a)mostat |
Enzyme
inhibitors ; proteolytic enzyme inhibitors |
nafamostat |
-restat- or
-restat |
Aldose-reductase inhibitors |
ponalrestat;
tolrestat; |
-vastatin |
Antihyperlipidemics
(HMG-CoA inhibitors) |
atorvastatin;
lovastatin;
pravastatin |
-urestat |
Urease inhibitor |
benurestat |
-stat- |
Renal dehydropeptidase
inhibitor |
cilastatin |
-stat- |
Pepsin inhibitor |
pepstatin |
-statin |
Renal
dehydropeptidase inhibitor pepsin inhibitor |
cilastatin;
pepstatin |
-ster- |
Steroids (androgens,
anabolics) |
testosterone |
-steride |
Testosterone reductase
inhibitors |
epristeride;
fenasteride; |
-stigmine |
Cholinesterase
inhibitors (physostigmine type) |
quilostigmine;
teserstigmine; |
-stim |
Colony-stimulating factors |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-distim |
Colony-stimulating
factors ; conjugates of two different types of colony-stimulating factors |
milodistim |
-gramostim |
Colony-stimulating
factors ; granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factors (GM-CSF) |
molgramostim;
regramostim;
sargramostim;
ecogramostim |
-grastim |
Colony-stimulating
factors ; granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) |
filgrastim;
lenograstim; |
-mostim |
Colony-stimulating
factors ; macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF) |
mirimostim |
-plestim |
Colony-stimulating
factors ; interleukin 3 derivatives; pleiotropic colony-stimulating
factors |
daniplestim |
-stinel |
NMDA
receptor antagonists (glycine
recognition site) |
licostinel |
-sulam |
Antineoplastics,
apoptosis inducing sulfonamide |
indisulam |
sulfa- |
Antimicrobials
(sulfonamides derivatives) |
sulfasalazine |
-sulfan |
Antineoplastics,
alkylating agents (methanesulfonate derivatives) |
busulfan |
-lind |
Pro-apoptotic
cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
ractalind; dractalind |
subgroups: |
|
|
-sulind |
Pro-apoptotic
cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors ; antineoplastics, sulindac
metabolites |
exisulind |
-tant |
Tachykinin
(neurokinin) receptor antagonists |
|
subgroups: |
|
|
-dutant |
Tachykinin
(neurokinin) receptor antagonists ; NK2 receptor antagonists |
saredutant |
-netant |
Tachykinin
(neurokinin) receptor antagonists ; NK3 receptor antagonists |
osanetant |
-pitant |
Tachykinin
(neurokinin) receptor antagonists ; NK1 receptor antagonists |
dapitant; zinapitant; lanepitant |
-tapide |
Microsomal
triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors |
implitapide |
-taxel |
Antineoplastics, taxane
derivatives |
paclitaxel |
-tecan |
Antineoplastics
(camptothecine derivatives) |
topotecan;
irinotecan; |
-tecarin |
Antineoplastics
(rebeccamycin derivatives) |
becatecarin |
-tepa |
Antineoplastics (thiotepa
derivatives) |
azetepa |
-teplase |
(see
-ase) |
|
-termin |
(see
-ermin) |
|
-terol |
Bronchodilators
(phenethylamine derivatives) |
albuterol |
-tesind |
Thymidilate
synthetase inhibitors (benzindole derivatives) |
metesind |
-texafin |
Texaphryn derivatives |
motexafin |
-thiazide |
Diuretics (thiazide
derivatives) |
chlorothiazide |
-tiapine |
Antipsychotics
(dibenzothiazepine derivatives) |
quitiapine |
-tiazem |
Calcium channel
blockers (diltiazem type) |
diltiazem ;
clentiazem;
iprotiazem |
-tibant |
Antiasthmatics
(bradykinin antagonists) |
icatibant |
-tide |
Peptides and glycopeptides |
octreotide |
subgroups: |
|
|
-fibatide |
Peptides
and glycopeptides ; platelet aggregation inhibitors (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
receptor antagonists) |
eptifibatide |
-pultide |
Peptides
and glycopeptides ; peptides used as pulmonary surfactants |
sinapultide |
-tidine |
H2‑receptor antagonists
(cimetidine type) |
lupitidine;
ranitidine;
donetidine |
-tinib |
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
canertinib, ;
imatinib,;
mubritinib |
-tirelin |
(see
-relin) |
|
-tirome |
Antihyperlidaemic,
thyromimetic derivatives |
anitirome;
axitirome; |
-tocin |
Oxytocin derivatives |
oxytocin |
-toclax |
Antineoplastic, BLC-2
inhibitor |
obatoclax |
-toin |
Antiepileptics (hydantoin
derivatives) |
albutoin |
-toran |
TLR4 receptor antagonists |
eritoran |
-tox(a)- |
Toxins |
urtoxazumab |
-traposin |
AP2
inhibitors |
seltraposin |
-trexate |
Antimetabolites (folic
acid derivatives) |
methotrexate |
-trexed |
Antineoplastic
thymidylate synthetase inhibitors |
pemetrexed;
ralitrexed;
nolatrexed |
-tricin |
Antibiotics (polyene
derivatives) |
mepartricin |
-tril -trilat |
Endopeptidase inhibitors |
candoxatril;
candoxatrilat; |
-triptan |
Antimigraine agents
(5-HT1 receptor agonists) |
naratriptan;
oxitriptan;
sumatriptan |
-triptyline |
Antidepressants
(dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptane derivatives) |
amitriptyline |
-troban |
Antithrombotics
(thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists) |
daltroban ;
sulotroban; |
-trodast |
(see
-ast) |
|
-troline |
Antipsychotics (dopamine
D2 antagonists) |
carvotroline;
gevotroline; |
-trombopag |
Thrombopoetin agonists |
eltrombopag |
trop- or -trop- |
Atropine derivatives |
benztropine |
-uclin |
Mucosal tolerance inhibitors |
|
-uplase |
(see
-ase) |
|
-uracil |
Uracil
derivatives used as thyroid
antagonists and as antineoplastics |
fluorouracil |
-uridine |
Antivirals;
antineoplastics (uridine derivatives) |
idoxuridine |
-vaptan |
Vasopressin receptor
antagonists |
conivaptan;
relcovaptan; |
-vastatin |
(see
-stat) |
|
-verine |
Spasmolytic agents
(papaverine type) |
mebeverine |
vin- or -vin- |
Vinca alkaloids |
vinepidine; apovincamine |
vir-, -vir- or -vir |
Antiviral substances
(undefined group) |
ganciclovir;
enviradine; viroxime; alvircept; delavirdine |
subgroups: |
|
|
-amivir |
Antiviral
substances ; neuraminidase inhibitors |
zanamivir |
-cavir |
Antiviral
substances ; carbocyclic nucleosides |
lobucavir |
-cyclovir |
Antiviral substances ;
(acyclovir type) |
acyclovir |
-ciclovir |
Antiviral substances
; (acyclovir type) |
desciclovir ;
famciclovir;
penciclovir |
-gosivir |
Antiviral substances
; glucosidase inhibitor |
celgosivir |
-navir |
Antiviral
substances ; HIV protease inhibitors (saquinavir type) |
droxinavir;
indinavir;
ritonavir |
-virdine |
Antiviral
substances ; (non-nucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitors; pyridine derivatives) |
atevirdine;
delevirdine; |
-virenz |
Antivirals
(non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; benzoxazinone
derivatives) |
efavirenz |
-virsen |
Antivirals (antisense) |
afovirsen;
fomivirsen;
trecovirsen |
-vircept |
(see
-cept) |
|
-virdine |
(see
vir) |
|
-virenz |
(see
vir) |
|
-virimat |
Antiviral, disrupts viral
maturation |
bevirimat |
-viroc |
CCR5 antagonists |
maraviroc |
-criviroc |
CCR5 antagonists,
immunomodulators |
ancriviroc |
-vudine |
Antineoplastics;
antivirals (zidovudine group) (exception: edoxudine) |
stavudine;
lamivudine;
alovudine |
-xaban |
Anticoagulant (Factor Xa
inhibitor) |
tamixaban |
-xanox |
Antiallergic
respiratory tract drugs (xanoxic acid derivatives) |
tixanox |
-(x)antrone |
Antineoplastics,
mitoxantrone derivatives aza-anthracenedione class of antitumor
agents |
pixantrone |
-zolamide |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
brinzolamide;
dorzolamide;
sezolamide |
-zolast |
(see
-ast) |
|
-zomib |
Proteozome inhibitors |
bortezomib |
-zotan |
5-HT1A
receptor agonists/antagonists acting primarily as neuroprotectors |
robalzotan;
sarizotan;
ibalzotan;
lecozotan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|