| Agent Name |
Morpholine |
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| CAS Number |
110-91-8 |
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| Formula |
C4-H9-N-O |
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| Major Category |
Nitrogen Compounds |
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| Synonyms |
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane; 2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-; 4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-; Diethylene imidoxide; Diethylene oximide; Diethyleneimide oxide; Diethylenimide oxide; Drewamine; Morpholine; Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine; Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine; Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine; Tetrahydro-p-oxazine; p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-; [ChemIDplus] UN2054 |
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| Category |
Amines, Heterocyclic |
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| Description |
Colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor. [Note: A solid below 23 degrees F.]; [NIOSH] |
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| Sources/Uses |
Used as a solvent for resins, waxes, casein and dyes; morpholine compounds are used as emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, plasticizers, pesticides, antiseptics, etc. [Merck Index # 6277] |
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| Comments |
Liver damage is prominent in animals exposed to high concentrations. Skin, eye, and respiratory irritation, but no chronic health effects, were reported after occupational exposure. [ACGIH] Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC] |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
Yes |
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| TLV (ACGIH) |
20 ppm |
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| PEL (OSHA) |
20 ppm |
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| MAK |
10 ppm |
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| IDLH (NIOSH) |
1400 ppm |
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| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Other animal data: No deaths resulted from exposures of 6 rats to 8,000 ppm for 8 hours [Smyth et al. 1954]. Human data: Irritation of the nose has been reported after a 1�minute exposure to 12,000 ppm and coughing started after 1.5 minutes; it was suggested that this concentration would probable be intolerable for long periods [Shea 1939]. |
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| Vapor Pressure |
10.1 mm Hg |
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| Odor Threshold Low |
0.01 ppm |
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| Odor Threshold High |
0.07 ppm |
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| Lethal Concentration |
LC50 (rats) = 8,000 ppm/8H |
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| Explanatory Notes |
IDLH =10% LEL; Detection odor threshold from AIHA (mean = 0.011 ppm); Flash point = 38 deg C; |
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| Flammability (NFPA) |
3: may ignite at ambient temperature |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Toxic Pneumonitis |
Yes |
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| Dermatotoxin |
Skin Burns |
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| Hepatotoxin |
Hepatotoxin, Secondary |
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| IARC Carcinogen |
Not Classifiable |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: MORPHOLINE
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