| Chemical Mixtures: Considering the Evolution of Toxicology and Chemical Assessment Emily Monosson Community Science and Environment Program, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA Abstract
The assessment of chemical mixtures is a complex topic for toxicologists, regulators, and the public. In this article the linkage between the science of toxicology and the needs of governmental regulatory agencies in the United States is explored through an overview of environmental regulations enacted over the past century and a brief history of modern toxicology. One of the goals of this overview is to encourage both regulators and scientists to consider the benefits and limitations of this science-regulatory relationship as they tackle existing issues such as chemical mixtures. It is clear that a) over the past 100 years chemical regulation and toxicologic research, have in large part, shared a common emphasis on characterization and regulation of individual chemicals. But chemical mixtures have been, and continue to be, evaluated at hazardous waste sites around the United States. For this reason the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for chemical mixtures assessment are also reviewed. These guidelines highlight the current practice of mixtures assessment, which relies primarily on the existing single-chemical database. It is also clear that b) the science and assessment of chemical mixtures are moving forward through the combined efforts of regulatory agencies and scientists from a broad range of disciplines, including toxicology. Because toxicology is at this exciting crossroads, particular attention should be paid to the forces (e.g., public demands, regulatory needs, funding, academic interests) that both promote and limit the growth of this expanding discipline. Key words: chemical mixtures, chemical regulation, mixtures assessment, risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 113:383-390 (2005) . doi:10.1289/ehp.6987 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 21 October 2004]
Address correspondence to E. Monosson, Box 329, 15 North St., Montague, MA 01351 USA. Telephone and Fax: (413) 367-0052. E-mail: emonosson@verizon.net I thank R. Hertzberg, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) , for his time and patience in reviewing the sections on the U.S. EPA's methodology, and D. Digenti, Community, Science and Environment Program, Mt. Holyoke College, for her role in initiating this project and for her editorial comments. The research on which this article is based was funded under U.S. EPA grant R-83053001-1. The author declares she has no competing financial interests. Received 28 January 2004 ; accepted 21 October 2004.
The full version of this article is available for free in HTML or PDF formats. |
