References on Smell and Taste Epidemiology [NIDCD Health Information]

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References on Smell and Taste Epidemiology On this page: Public Health Burden, Quality of Life, Outcomes, and Health Policy Studies Diagnosis and Management Qualitative Smell and Taste Dysfunctions Genetic or Hereditary Basis for Smell and Taste Impairments or Disorders Preschool-Age Children School-Age Children and Adolescents Taste and Smell Impairment Following Surgical Interventions Head and Neck Injury from Sports or Other Sources of Trauma Working-Age Adults: Community-Based or Population-Based Studies Exposure to Toxicants, Radiation, or Chemical/Pharmacologic Agents Smell and Taste Disorders in Relation to Specific Conditions or Diseases Older Adults: Age-Related Smell and Taste Impairments and Disorders Recovery of Smell and Taste Loss and Rehabilitative or Therapeutic Studies Click the title of any listing to see the PubMed abstract for that publication. Public Health Burden, Quality of Life, Outcomes, and Health Policy Studies Bartoshuk LM, Beauchamp GK. Chemical senses. (abstract) Annu Rev Psychol. 1994; 45:419–49. Blakeslee AF, Fox AL. Our different taste worlds. (No abstract available) J Hered. 1932;23:97–107. Blakeslee AF, Salmon TN. Genetics of sensory thresholds: individual taste reactions for different substances. (abstract) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1935;21:84–90. Bindewald J, Oeken J, Wollbrueck D, et al. Quality of life correlates after surgery for laryngeal carcinoma. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2007 Oct;117(10):1770–6. Brämerson A, Nordin S, Bende M. Clinical experience with patients with olfactory complaints, and their quality of life. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol. 2007 Feb;127(2):167–74. Carlsson F, Karlson B, Ørbaek P, et al. Prevalence of annoyance attributed to electrical equipment and smells in a Swedish population, and relationship with subjective health and daily functioning. (abstract) Public Health. 2005 Jul;119(7):568–77. Ciofalo A, Filiaci F, Romeo R, et al. Epidemiological aspects of olfactory dysfunction. (abstract) Rhinology. 2006 Mar;44(1):78–82. Cowart BJ. Taste, Our Body's Gustatory Gatekeeper. The Dana Foundation. 2005 Apr. http://www.dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=788 Delank KW, Nieschalk M, Schmäl F, Stoll W. Special characteristics of expert assessment of olfactory and taste disorders. (abstract) [Article in German] Laryngorhinootologie. 1999 Jul;78(7):365–72. Doty RL. Olfaction. (abstract) Ann Rev Psychol. 2001;52:423–52 Fokkens W, Lund V, Mullol J; European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps group. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007. (abstract) Rhinol Suppl. 2007;(20):1–136. Frasnelli J, Hummel T. Olfactory dysfunction and daily life. (abstract) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Mar;262(3):231–5. Goldstein BJ, Lane AP. Future directions in chemosensory research. (abstract) Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;37(6):1281–93. Gudziol V, Lötsch J, Hähner A, et al. Clinical significance of results from olfactory testing. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2006 Oct;116(10):1858–63. Harris R, Davidson TM, Murphy C, et al. Clinical evaluation and symptoms of chemosensory impairment: one thousand consecutive cases from the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic in San Diego. (abstract) Am J Rhinol. 2006 Jan-Feb;20(1):101–8. McLaughlin S, Margolskee RF. The sense of taste. (No abstract available) Am Scientist 1994;82:538–45. Miwa T, Furukawa M, Tsukatani T, et al. Impact of olfactory impairment on quality of life and disability. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 May;127(5):497–503. Scadding GK, Durham SR, Mirakian R, et al; British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. BSACI guidelines for the management of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. (abstract) Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Feb;38(2):260–75. Schiffman SS, Gatlin CA. Clinical physiology of taste and smell. (No abstract available) Ann Rev Nutr. 1993;13:405–36. Warwick ZS, Hall WG, Pappas TN, Schiffman SS. Taste and smell sensations enhance the satiating effect of both a high-carbohydrate and a high-fat meal in humans. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 1993;53:553–63. Top Diagnosis and Management Apter AJ, Gent JF, Frank ME. Fluctuating olfactory sensitivity and distorted odor perception in allergic rhinitis. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Sep;125(9):1005–10. Bartoshuk LM, Gent J, Catalanotto FA, Goodspeed RB. Clinical evaluation of taste. (abstract) Am J Otolaryngol. 1983 Jul-Aug;4(4):257–60. Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Miller IJ. PTC/PROP tasting: anatomy, psychophysics, and sex effects. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 1994 Dec;56(6):1165–71. Erratum in: Physiol Behav. 1995 Jul;58(1):203. Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Green BG, et al. Valid across-group comparisons with labeled scales: the gLMS versus magnitude matching. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 2004 Aug;82(1):109–14. Bromley SM. Smell and taste disorders: a primary care approach. (abstract) Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jan 15;61(2):427–36, 438. Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS. The receptors and cells for mammalian taste. (abstract) Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):288–94. Danhauer SC, Miller CS, Rhodus NL, Carlson CR. Impact of criteria-based diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome on treatment outcome. (abstract) J Orofac Pain. 2002 Fall;16(4):305–11. Deems DA, Doty RL, Settle RG, et al. Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991 May;117(5):519–28. Deems DA, Yen DM, Kreshak A, Doty RL. Spontaneous resolution of dysgeusia. (abstract) Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery 1996;122:961–3. Doty RL, Bagla R, Morgenson M, Mirza N. NaCl thresholds: Relationship to anterior tongue locus, area of stimulation, and number of fungiform papillae. (abstract) Physiology & Behavior 72: 373–378, 2001. Doty RL, Applebaum S, Zusho H, Settle RG. Sex differences in odor identification ability: a cross-cultural analysis. (abstract) Neuropsychologia. 1985;23(5):667–72. Doty RL, Marcus A, Lee WW. Development of the 12-item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT). (abstract) Laryngoscope. 1996 Mar;106(3 Pt 1):353–6. Eibenstein A, Fioretti AB, Lena C, et al. Olfactory screening test: experience in 102 Italian subjects. (abstract) Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2005 Feb;25(1):18–22. Eliav E, Kamran B, Schaham R, et al. Evidence of chorda tympani dysfunction in patients with burning mouth syndrome. (abstract) J Am Dent Assoc. 2007 May;138(5):628–33. Fikentscher R, Roseburg B, Spinar H, Bruchmüller W. Loss of taste in the elderly: sex differences. (abstract) Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1977 Aug;2(3):183–9. Fortier I, Ferraris J, Mergler D. Measurement precision of an olfactory perception threshold test for use in field studies. (abstract) Am J Ind Med. 1991;20(4):495–504. Frank RA, Dulay MF, Niergarth KA, Gesteland RC. A comparison of the sniff magnitude test and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in children and nonnative English speakers. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 2004 May;81(3):475–80. Frank RA, Gesteland RC, Bailie J, et al. Characterization of the sniff magnitude test. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 May;132(5):532–6. Fujii M, Fukazawa K, Hashimoto Y, et al. Clinical study of flavor disturbance. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2004 Aug;(553):109–12. Green BG, Hayes JE. Capsaicin as a probe of the relationship between bitter taste and chemesthesis. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 2003 Sep;79(4–5):811–21. Green BG, Schullery MT. Stimulation of bitterness by capsaicin and menthol: differences between lingual areas innervated by the glossopharyngeal and chorda tympani nerves. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2003 Jan;28(1):45–55. Green BG, Dalton P, Cowart B, et al. Evaluating the 'Labeled Magnitude Scale' for measuring sensations of taste and smell. (abstract) Chem Senses. 1996 Jun;21(3):323–34. Green BG, George P. 'Thermal taste' predicts higher responsiveness to chemical taste and flavor. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2004 Sep;29(7):617–28. Green BG, Alvarez-Reeves M, George P, Akirav C. Chemesthesis and taste: evidence of independent processing of sensation intensity. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 2005 Nov 15;86(4):526–37. Gomez FE, Cassís-Nosthas L, Morales-de-León JC, Bourges H. Detection and recognition thresholds to the 4 basic tastes in Mexican patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. (abstract) Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;58(4):629–36. Goodspeed RB, Gent JF, Catalanotto FA. Chemosensory dysfunction: clinical evaluation results from a taste and smell clinic. (abstract) Postgrad Med. 1987;81:251–60. Hamilton BE, Weissman JL. Imaging of chemosensory loss. (abstract) Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;37(6):1255–80, vii. Hashimoto Y, Fukazawa K, Fujii M, et al. Usefulness of the odor stick identification test for Japanese patients with olfactory dysfunction. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2004 Sep;29(7):565–71. Heilmann S, Strehle G, Rosenheim K, et al. Clinical assessment of retronasal olfactory function. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Apr;128(4):414–8. Henkin RI, Larson AL, Powell RD. Hypogeusia, dysgeusia, hyposmia, and dysosmia following influenza-like infection. (abstract) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1975 Sep-Oct;84(5 Pt 1):672–82. Hummel T, Futschik T, Frasnelli J, Hüttenbrink KB. Effects of olfactory function, age, and gender on trigeminally mediated sensations: a study based on the lateralization of chemosensory stimuli. (abstract) Toxicol Lett. 2003 Apr 11;140–141:273–80. Hummel T, Hüttenbrink KB. Olfactory dysfunction due to nasal sinus disease. Causes, consequences, epidemiology, and therapy. [Article in German] (abstract) HNO. 2005 May;53 Suppl 1:S26–32. Hummel T, Kobal G, Gudziol H, Mackay-Sim A. Normative data for the "Sniffin' Sticks" including tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds: an upgrade based on a group of more than 3,000 subjects. (abstract) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Mar;264(3):237–43. Epub 2006 Sep 23. Hummel C, Frasnelli J, Gerber J, Hummel T. Cerebral processing of gustatory stimuli in patients with taste loss. (abstract) Behav Brain Res. 2007 Dec 11;185(1):59–64. Epub 2007 Jul 20. Jackman AH, Doty RL. Utility of a three-item smell identification test in detecting olfactory dysfunction. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2005 Dec;115(12):2209–12. Jones RE, Brown CC, Ship JA. Odor identification in young and elderly African-Americans and Caucasians. (abstract) Spec Care Dentist. 1995 Jul-Aug;15(4):138–43. Katotomichelakis M, Balatsouras D, Tripsianis G, et al. Normative values of olfactory function testing using the 'sniffin' sticks'. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2007 Jan;117(1):114–20. Knecht M, Lundström JN, Witt M, et al. Assessment of olfactory function and androstenone odor thresholds in humans with or without functional occlusion of the vomeronasal duct. (abstract) Behav Neurosci. 2003 Dec;117(6):1135–41. Kobal G, Klimek L, Wolfensberger M, et al. Multicenter investigation of 1,036 subjects using a standardized method for the assessment of olfactory function combining tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds. (abstract) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;257(4):205–11. Kobayashi M, Reiter ER, DiNardo LJ, Costanzo RM. A new clinical olfactory function test: cross-cultural influence. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Apr;133(4):331–6. Koskinen S, Vento S, Malmberg H, Tuorila H. Correspondence between three olfactory tests and suprathreshold odor intensity ratings. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Nov;124(9):1072–7. Lam HC, Sung JK, Abdullah VJ, van Hasselt CA. The combined olfactory test in a Chinese population. (abstract) J Laryngol Otol. 2006 Feb;120(2):113–6. Epub 2005 Dec 19. Landis BN, Frasnelli J, Reden J, et al. Differences between orthonasal and retronasal olfactory functions in patients with loss of the sense of smell. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Nov;131(11):977–81. Lim J, Green BG. The psychophysical relationship between bitter taste and burning sensation: evidence of qualitative similarity. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2007 Jan;32(1):31–9. Lim J, Green BG. Tactile interaction with taste localization: influence of gustatory quality and intensity. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2008 Feb;33(2):137–43. Lim J, Urban L, Green BG. Measures of individual differences in taste and creaminess perception. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2008;33:493–501. Lucchina LA, Curtis OF, Putnam P, et al. Psychophysical measurement of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taste perception. (abstract) Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;855:816–9. Mackay-Sim A, Grant L, Owen C, et al. Australian norms for a quantitative olfactory function test. (abstract) J Clin Neurosci. 2004 Nov;11(8):874–9. Mann NM, Lafreniere D. Anosmia and nasal sinus disease. (abstract) Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2004 Apr;37(2):289–300, vi. Marks LE. Reliability of magnitude matching. (abstract) Percept Psychophys. 1991 Jan;49(1):31–7. Marks LE, Stevens JC, Bartoshuk LM, et al. Magnitude-matching: the measurement of taste and smell. (No abstract available) Chem Senses. 1988;13:63–87. Matsuda T, Doty RL. Regional taste sensitivity to NaCl: relationship to subject age, tongue locus and area of stimulation. (abstract) Chem Senses. 1995;20:283–90. Matsuo R. Role of saliva in the maintenance of taste sensitivity. (abstract) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2000;11(2):216–29. Miller IJ Jr, Reedy FE Jr. Variations in human taste bud density and taste intensity perception. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 1990 Jun;47(6):1213–9. Miller SL, Mirza N, Doty RL. Electrogustometric thresholds: Relationship to anterior tongue locus, area of stimulation, and number of fungiform papillae. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 2002;75: 753–7 Mott AE, Grushka M, Sessle BJ. Diagnosis and management of taste disorders and burning mouth syndrome. (abstract) Dent Clin North Am. 1993 Jan;37(1):33–71. Mueller C, Kallert S, Renner B, et al. Quantitative assessment of gustatory function in a clinical context using impregnated "taste strips". (abstract) Rhinology. 2003 Mar;41(1):2–6. Nilsson B. Taste acuity of the human palate. III. Studies with taste solutions on subjects in different age groups. (abstract) Acta Odontol Scand. 1979;37(4):235–52. Nordin S, Brämerson A, Murphy C, Bende M. A Scandinavian adaptation of the Multi-Clinic Smell and Taste Questionnaire: evaluation of questions about olfaction. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol. 2003 May;123(4):536–42. Osaki T, Ohshima M, Tomita Y, et al. Clinical and physiological investigations in patients with taste abnormality. (abstract) J Oral Pathol Med. 1996 Jan;25(1):38–43. Prescott J, Ripandelli N, Wakeling I. Binary taste mixture interactions in prop non-tasters, medium-tasters and super-tasters. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2001 Oct;26(8):993–1003. Prescott P, Ryan J, Shuttleworth P. A comparative study of several antibiotic formulations using a design based on a combination of balanced incomplete blocks and Latin squares. (abstract) Stat Med. 1994 Jan 15;13(1):11–21. Pribitkin E, Rosenthal MD, Cowart BJ. Prevalence and causes of severe taste loss in a chemosensory clinic population. (abstract) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003 Nov;112(11):971–8. Quint C, Temmel AF, Schickinger B, et al. Patterns of non-conductive olfactory disorders in eastern Austria: a study of 120 patients from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Vienna. (abstract) Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2001 Jan 15;113(1–2):52–7. Rareshide E, Amedee RG. Disorders of taste. (abstract) J La State Med Soc. 1989 Sep;141(9):9–11. Reed DR. Commentary—Birth of a new breed of supertaster. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2008;33:489–91. Robson AK, Woollons AC, Ryan J, et al. Validation of the combined olfactory test. (abstract) Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1996 Dec;21(6):512–8. Rombaux P, Mouraux A, Bertrand B, et al. Retronasal and orthonasal olfactory function in relation to olfactory bulb volume in patients with posttraumatic loss of smell. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2006 Jun;116(6):901–5. Rombaux P, Weitz H, Mouraux A, et al. Olfactory function assessed with orthonasal and retronasal testing, olfactory bulb volume, and chemosensory event-related potentials. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Dec;132(12):1346–51. Rombaux P, Bertrand B, Keller T, Mouraux A. Clinical significance of olfactory event-related potentials related to orthonasal and retronasal olfactory testing. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2007 Jun;117(6):1096–101. Rombaux P, Mouraux A, Bertrand B, et al. Can we smell without an olfactory bulb? (abstract) Am J Rhinol. 2007 Sep-Oct;21(5):548–50. Sato K, Endo S, Tomita H. Sensitivity of three loci on the tongue and soft palate to four basic tastes in smokers and non-smokers. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2002;(546):74–82. Schiffman SS. Taste and smell in disease (second of two parts). (abstract) N Engl J Med. 1983 Jun 2;308(22):1337–43. Seiden AM, Duncan HJ. The diagnosis of a conductive olfactory loss. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2001 Jan;111(1):9–14. Shikata H, McMahon DB, Breslin PA. Psychophysics of taste lateralization on anterior tongue. (abstract) Percept Psychophys. 2000 May;62(4):684–94. Shu CH, Yuan BC, Lin SH, Lin CZ. Cross-cultural application of the "Sniffin' Sticks" odor identification test. (abstract) Am J Rhinol. 2007 Sep-Oct;21(5):570–3. Smutzer G, Lam S, Hastings L, et al. A test for measuring gustatory function. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2008 Jun 2. [Epub ahead of print] Soter A, Kim J, Jackman A, et al. Accuracy of Self-Report in Detecting Taste Dysfunction. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2008 Apr;118(4):611–617. Spielman AI. Interaction of saliva and taste. (abstract) J Dent Res. 1990 Mar;69(3):838–43. Spielman AI. Chemosensory function and dysfunction. (abstract) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1998;9(3):267–91. Stillman JA, Morton RP, Hay KD, et al. Electrogustometry: strengths, weaknesses, and clinical evidence of stimulus boundaries. (abstract) Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2003 Oct;28(5):406–10. Suarez P, Clark GT. Burning mouth syndrome: an update on diagnosis and treatment methods. (abstract) J Calif Dent Assoc. 2006 Aug;34(8):611–22. Todrank J, Bartoshuk LM. A taste illusion: taste sensation localized by touch. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 1991 Nov;50(5):1027–31. Tomita H, Ikeda M. Clinical use of electrogustometry: strengths and limitations. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2002;(546):27–38. Tourbier IA, Doty RL. Sniff magnitude test: relationship to odor identification, detection, and memory tests in a clinic population. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2007 Jul;32(6):515–23. Epub 2007 May 7. Vodicka J, Pellant A, Chrobok V. Screening of olfactory function using odourized markers. (abstract) Rhinology. 2007 Jun;45(2):164–8. Welge-Luessen A, Hummel T, Stojan T, Wolfensberger M. What is the correlation between ratings and measures of olfactory function in patients with olfactory loss? (abstract) Am J Rhinol. 2005 Nov-Dec;19(6):567–71. Wrobel BB, Leopold DA. Clinical assessment of patients with smell and taste disorders. (abstract) Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;37(6):1127–42. Yackinous CA, Guinard JX. Relation between PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) taster status, taste anatomy and dietary intake measures for young men and women. (abstract) Appetite. 2002 Jun;38(3):201–9. Yeomans MR, Tepper BJ, Rietzschel J, Prescott J. Human hedonic responses to sweetness: role of taste genetics and anatomy. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 2007 Jun 8;91(2–3):264–73. Epub 2007 Mar 16. Top Qualitative Taste and Smell Dysfunctions Bonfils P, Avan P, Faulcon P, Malinvaud D. Distorted odorant perception: analysis of a series of 56 patients with parosmia. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Feb;131(2):107–12. Nordin S, Brämerson A, Millqvist E, Bende M. Prevalence of parosmia: the Skövde population-based studies. (abstract) Rhinology. 2007 Mar;45(1):50–3. Nordin S, Murphy C, Davidson TM, et al. Prevalence and assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction in different age groups. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 1996 Jun;106(6):739–44. Reden J, Maroldt H, Fritz A, et al. A study on the prognostic significance of qualitative olfactory dysfunction. (abstract) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Feb;264(2):139–44. Epub 2006 Sep 28. Zwolak A, Bakalczuk M, Leszcz P, et al. Removable dentures and relations between their construction, adaptation and functionality role and influence on dysgeusia. (abstract) Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med]. 2004;59(2):432–6. Top Genetic or Hereditary Basis for Smell and Taste Impairments or Disorders Amoore JE, Forrester LJ, Buttery RG. Specific anosmia to 1-pyrroline: the spermous primary odor. (No abstract available) J Chem Ecol. 1975;1:299–310. Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Lucchina LA, et al. PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) supertasters and the saltiness of NaCl. (abstract) Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998; 855:793–96. Bufe B, Breslin PA, Kuhn C, et al. The molecular basis of individual differences in phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracil bitterness perception. (abstract) Curr Biol. 2005 Feb 22;15(4):322–7. Chang WI, Chung JW, Kim YK, et al. The relationship between phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status and taste thresholds for sucrose and quinine. (abstract) Arch Oral Biol. 2006 May;51(5):427–32. Epub 2005 Nov 17. Dorries KM, Schmidt HJ, Beauchamp GK, Wysocki CJ. Changes in sensitivity to the odor of androstenone during adolescence. (abstract) Dev Psychobiol. 1989 Jul;22(5):423–35. Drayna D. Human taste genetics. (abstract) Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2005; 6:217–35. Enoch MA, Harris CR, Goldman D. Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted? (abstract) Addict Behav. 2001 May-Jun;26(3):399–404. Fox AL. The relationship between chemical constitution and taste. (abstract) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1932;18:115–20. Freire-Maia A, Quelce-Salgado A. Taste sensitivity to P.T.C. in samples from three Brazilian populations. (No abstract available) Ann Hum Genet. 1960; 24:97–102. Gilad Y, Lancet D. Population differences in the human functional olfactory repertoire. (abstract) Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Mar;20(3):307–14. Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S, Lancet D. Human specific loss of olfactory receptor genes. (abstract) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Mar 18;100(6):3324–7. Epub 2003 Feb 28. Guo SW, Shen FM, Wang YD, Zheng CJ. Threshold distributions of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) in the Chinese population. (abstract) Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 30;855:810–2. Guo SW, Reed DR. The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception. (abstract) Ann Hum Biol. 2001 Mar-Apr;28(2):111–42. Hayes JE, Bartoshuk LM, Kidd JR, Duffy VB. Supertasting and PROP bitterness depends on more than the TAS2R38 gene. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2008 Mar;33(3):255–65. Epub 2008 Jan 21. Hirth L, Abadanian D, Goedde HW. Incidence of specific anosmia in Northern Germany. (abstract) Hum Hered. 1986;36(1):1–5. Hubert HB, Fabsitz RR, Feinleib M, Brown KS. Olfactory sensitivity in humans: genetic versus environmental control. (abstract) Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):607–9. Jafek BW, Gordon AS, Moran DT, Eller PM. Congenital anosmia. (abstract) Ear Nose Throat J. 1990 May;69(5):331–7. Kim UK, Drayna D. Genetics of individual differences in bitter taste perception: lessons from the PTC gene. (abstract) Clin Genet. 2005 Apr;67(4):275–80. Erratum in: Clin Genet. 2005 Jun;67(6):534. Kopala LC, Good KP, Torrey EF, Honer WG. Olfactory function in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. (abstract) Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Jan;155(1):134–6. Pause BM, Rogalski KP, Sojka B, Ferstl R. Sensitivity to androstenone in female subjects is associated with an altered brain response to male body odor. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 1999 Dec 1–15;68(1–2):129–37. Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P, et al. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2004 Oct;29(8):697–702. Olson JM, Boehnke M, Neiswanger K, et al. Alternative genetic models for the inheritance of the phenylthiocarbamide taste deficiency. (abstract) Genet Epidemiol. 1989;6:423–34. Snedecor SM, Pomerleau CS, Mehringer AM, et al. Differences in smoking-related variables based on phenylthiocarbamide "taster" status. (abstract) Addict Behav. 2006 Dec;31(12):2309–12. Epub 2006 Mar 31. Ugur T, Weisbrod M, Franzek E, et al. Olfactory impairment in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. (abstract) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005 Apr;255(2):94–8. Wang JC, Hinrichs AL, Bertelsen S, et al. Functional variants in TAS2R38 and TAS2R16 influence alcohol consumption in high-risk families of African-American origin. (abstract) Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Feb;31(2):209–15. Wooding S, Kim UK, Bamshad MJ, et al. Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene. (abstract) Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):637–46. Wysocki CJ, Beauchamp GK. Ability to smell androstenone is genetically determined. (abstract) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(15):4899–902. Wysocki CJ, Dorries KM, Beauchamp GK. Ability to perceive androstenone can be acquired by ostensibly anosmic people. (abstract) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):7976–8. Top Preschool-Age Children Baranek GT, David FJ, Poe MD, et al. Sensory Experiences Questionnaire: discriminating sensory features in young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development. (abstract) J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;47(6):591–601. Blossfeld I, Collins A, Boland S, et al. Relationships between acceptance of sour taste and fruit intakes in 18-month-old infants. (abstract) Br J Nutr. 2007 Nov;98(5):1084–91. Epub 2007 May 23. Keller KL, Tepper BJ. Inherited taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil in diet and body weight in children. (abstract) Obes Res. 2004 Jun;12(6):904–12. Mennella JA, Pepino MY, Reed DR. Genetic and environmental determinants of bitter perception and sweet preferences. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2005 Feb;115(2):e216–22. Rogers SJ, Hepburn S, Wehner E. Parent reports of sensory symptoms in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders. (abstract) J Autism Dev Disord. 2003 Dec;33(6):631–42. Stein LJ, Cowart BJ, Beauchamp GK. Salty taste acceptance by infants and young children is related to birth weight: longitudinal analysis of infants within the normal birth weight range. (abstract) Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;60(2):272–9. Top School-Age Children and Adolescents Armstrong JE, Laing DG, Wilkes FJ, Laing ON. Olfactory function in Australian Aboriginal children and chronic otitis media. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2008;33:503–7. Goldstein GL, Daun H, Tepper BJ. Influence of PROP taster status and maternal variables on energy intake and body weight of pre-adolescents. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 2007 Apr 23;90(5):809–17. Epub 2007 Jan 18. Kenyon PM, Barker ME. Attitudes towards meat-eating in vegetarian and non-vegetarian teenage girls in England--an ethnographic approach. (abstract) Appetite. 1998 Apr;30(2):185–98. Konstantinidis I, Triaridis S, Triaridis A, et al. How do children with adenoid hypertrophy smell and taste? Clinical assessment of olfactory function pre- and post-adenoidectomy. (abstract) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Oct;69(10):1343–9. KubberØd E, Ueland Ø, Tronstad A, Risvik E. Attitudes towards meat and meat-eating among adolescents in Norway: a qualitative study. (abstract) Appetite. 2002 Feb;38(1):53–62. Leekam SR, Nieto C, Libby SJ, et al. Describing the sensory abnormalities of children and adults with autism. (abstract) J Autism Dev Disord. 2007 May;37(5):894–910. Liem DG, Bogers RP, Dagnelie PC, de Graaf C. Fruit consumption of boys (8--11 years) is related to preferences for sour taste. (abstract) Appetite. 2006 Jan;46(1):93–6. Epub 2005 Dec 19. Liem DG, Mennella JA. Heightened sour preferences during childhood. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2003 Feb;28(2):173–80. Timpson NJ, Heron J, Day IN, et al. Refining associations between TAS2R38 diplotypes and the 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taste test: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. (abstract) BMC Genet. 2007 Jul 28;8:51. McGee R, Stanton WR. A longitudinal study of reasons for smoking in adolescence. (abstract) Addiction. 1993 Feb;88(2):265–71. Moore M, Weiss S. Reasons for non-drinking among Israeli adolescents of four religions. (abstract) Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Apr;38(1):45–50. Obrebowski A, Obrebowska-Karsznia Z, Gawliński M. Smell and taste in children with simple obesity. (abstract) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000 Oct 16;55(3):191–6. Richman RA, Post EM, Sheehe PR, Wright HN. Olfactory performance during childhood. I. Development of an odorant identification test for children. (abstract) J Pediatr. 1992 Dec;121(6):908–11. Richman RA, Wallace K, Sheehe PR. Assessment of an abbreviated odorant identification task for children: a rapid screening device for schools and clinics. (abstract) Acta Paediatr. 1995 Apr;84(4):434–7. Richman RA, Sheehe PR, Wallace K, et al. Olfactory performance during childhood. II. Developing a discrimination task for children. (abstract) J Pediatr. 1995 Sep;127(3):421–6. Richman RA, Sheehe PR, McCanty T, et al. Olfactory deficits in boys with cleft palate. (abstract) Pediatrics. 1988 Dec;82(6):840–4. Shimada T, Iizumi O. Survey on the effect of air pollution on school children in the Fuji area, Shizuoka Prefecture (results of rhinoscopy and olfactory function test. [Article in Japanese] (No abstract available) Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 1974 Jan 20;77(1):72–9. Villalbi Hereter JR, Nebot Adell M, Comin Bertran E, Murillo Fort C. Early use of tobacco by students. [Article in Spanish] (abstract) Rev Sanid Hig Publica (Madr). 1990 Nov-Dec;64(11–12):613–23. Top Taste and Smell Impairment Following Surgical Interventions Chen JM, Bodmer D, Khetani JD, Lin VV. Tactile dysgeusia: a new clinical observation of middle ear and skull base surgery. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2008 Jan;118(1):99–103. Collet S, Eloy P, Rombaux P, Bertrand B. 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Hypogeusia as a complication of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and use of taste strips as a practical tool for quantifying hypogeusia. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Dec;124(10):1235–6. Kveton JF, Bartoshuk LM. The effect of unilateral chorda tympani damage on taste. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 1994 Jan;104(1 Pt 1):25–9. Leon EA, Catalanotto FA, Werning JW. Retronasal and orthonasal olfactory ability after laryngectomy. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jan;133(1):32–6. Mahendran S, Hogg R, Robinson JM. To divide or manipulate the chorda tympani in stapedotomy. (abstract) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Jun;262(6):482–7. Epub 2004 Nov 12. Michael P, Raut V. Chorda tympani injury: operative findings and postoperative symptoms. (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jun;136(6):978–81. Mueller CA, Khatib S, Temmel AF, et al. Effects of cochlear implantation on gustatory function. (abstract) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007 Jul;116(7):498–501. Mueller CA, Khatib S, Landis BN, et al. Gustatory function after tonsillectomy. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jul;133(7):668–71. Paxton MC, Hadley JN, Hadley MN, et al. Chorda tympani nerve injury following inferior alveolar injection: a review of two cases. (abstract) J Am Dent Assoc. 1994 Jul;125(7):1003–6. Perez R, Fuoco G, Dorion JM, et al. Does the chorda tympani nerve confer general sensation from the tongue? (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Sep;135(3):368–73. Sakagami M, Sone M, Tsuji K, et al. Rate of recovery of taste function after preservation of chorda tympani nerve in middle ear surgery with special reference to type of disease. (abstract) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003 Jan;112(1):52–6. Scinska A, Jodkowska A, Korkosz A, et al. Post-tonsillectomy dysgeusia with weight loss: possible involvement of soft palate. (abstract) J Laryngol Otol. 2008 Feb;122(2):e5. Epub 2007 Nov 30. Sone M, Sakagami M, Tsuji K, Mishiro Y. Younger patients have a higher rate of recovery of taste function after middle ear surgery. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Aug;127(8):967–9. Terada T, Sone M, Tsuji K, et al. Taste function in elderly patients with unilateral middle ear disease. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2004 Aug;(553):113–6. Uzun C, Adali MK, Karasalihoglu AR. Unusual complication of tonsillectomy: taste disturbance and the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (abstract) J Laryngol Otol. 2003 Apr;117(4):314–7. Comment in: J Laryngol Otol. 2004 Mar;118(3):248–9; author reply 249. Wienke A. Impairment of taste perception and extent of patient education in tonsillectomy. [Article in German] (No abstract available) Laryngorhinootologie. 1992 Sep;71(9):487–8. Zuniga JR, Chen N, Miller IJ Jr. Effects of chorda-lingual nerve injury and repair on human taste. (abstract) Chem Senses. 1994 Dec;19(6):657–65. Zuniga JR, Chen N, Phillips CL. Chemosensory and somatosensory regeneration after lingual nerve repair in humans. (abstract) J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997 Jan;55(1):2–13; discussion 13–4. Top Head and Neck Injury from Sports or Other Sources of Trauma Callahan CD, Hinkebein JH. Assessment of anosmia after traumatic brain injury: performance characteristics of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. (abstract) J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2002 Jun;17(3):251–6. Doty RL, Yousem DM, Pham LT, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in patients with head trauma. (abstract) Arch Neurol. 1997 Sep;54(9):1131–40. Sandford AA, Davidson TM, Herrera N, et al. Olfactory dysfunction: a sequela of pediatric blunt head trauma. (abstract) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006 Jun;70(6):1015–25. Epub 2005 Dec 19. Swann IJ, Bauza-Rodriguez B, Currans R, et al. The significance of post-traumatic amnesia as a risk factor in the development of olfactory dysfunction following head injury. (abstract) Emerg Med J. 2006 Aug;23(8):618–21. Yousem DM, Geckle RJ, Bilker WB, et al. Posttraumatic smell loss: relationship of psychophysical tests and volumes of the olfactory bulbs and tracts and the temporal lobes. (abstract) Acad Radiol. 1999 May;6(5):264–72. Doty RL, Yousem DM, Pham LT, Kreshak AA, Lee WW. Olfactory dysfunction in patients with head trauma. (abstract) Archives of Neurology 54: 1131–1140, 1997c. Duncan HJ, Seiden AM. Long-term follow-up of olfactory loss secondary to head trauma and upper respiratory tract infection. (abstract) Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery. 121: 1183–1187, 1995. Top Working-Age Adults: Community-Based or Population-Based Studies Ashendorf L, Constantinou M, Duff K, McCaffrey RJ. Performance of community-dwelling adults ages 55 to 75 on the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: an item analysis. (abstract) Appl Neuropsychol. 2005;12(1):24–9. Audebert O, Deiss V, Rousset S. Hedonism as a predictor of attitudes of young French women towards meat. (abstract) Appetite. 2006 May;46(3):239–47. Epub 2006 Mar 20. Brämerson A, Johansson L, Ek L, et al. Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: the Skövde population-based study. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2004 Apr;114(4):733–7. Bremner EA, Mainland JD, Khan RM, Sobel N. The prevalence of androstenone anosmia. (abstract) Chem Senses. 2003 Jun;28(5):423–32. Damm M, Temmel A, Welge-Lüssen A, et al. Olfactory dysfunctions. Epidemiology and therapy in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. [Article in German] (abstract) HNO. 2004 Feb;52(2):112–20. Drewnowski A, Henderson SA, Cockroft JE. Genetic sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil has no influence on dietary patterns, body mass indexes, or plasma lipid profiles of women. (abstract) J Am Diet Assoc. 2007 Aug;107(8):1340–8. Goldstein GL, Daun H, Tepper BJ. Adiposity in middle-aged women is associated with genetic taste blindness to 6-n-propylthiouracil. (abstract) Obes Res. 2005 Jun;13(6):1017–23. Hoffman HJ, Ishii EK, MacTurk RH. Age-related changes in the prevalence of smell/taste problems among the United States adult population. Results of the 1994 disability supplement to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). (abstract) Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 30;855:716–22. Kettaneh A, Pariès J, Stirnemann J, et al. Clinical and biological features associated with taste loss in internal medicine patients. A cross-sectional study of 100 cases. (abstract) Appetite. 2005 Apr;44(2):163–9. Landis BN, Konnerth CG, Hummel T. A study on the frequency of olfactory dysfunction. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2004 Oct;114(10):1764–9. Nguyen-Khoa BA, Goehring EL Jr, Vendiola RM, et al. Epidemiologic study of smell disturbance in 2 medical insurance claims populations. (abstract) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Aug;133(8):748–57. Nordin S, Brämerson A, Bende M. Prevalence of self-reported poor odor detection sensitivity: the Skövde population-based study. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Dec;124(10):1171–3. 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Duffy VB, Bartoshuk LM, Striegel-Moore R, Rodin J. Taste changes across pregnancy. (abstract) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 855:805–809, 1998. Montnémery P, Popovic M, Andersson M, et al. Influence of heavy traffic, city dwelling and socio-economic status on nasal symptoms assessed in a postal population survey. (abstract) Respir Med. 2003 Aug;97(8):970–7. Corwin J, Loury M, Gilbert AN. Workplace, age, and sex as mediators of olfactory function: data from the National Geographic Smell Survey. (abstract) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1995 Jul;50(4):P179–86. Top Exposure to Toxicants, Radiation, or Chemical/Pharmacologic Agents Ackerman BH, Kasbekar N. Disturbances of taste and smell induced by drugs. (abstract) Pharmacotherapy. 1997 May-Jun;17(3):482–96. Bell IR, Schwartz GE, Peterson JM, Amend D. Self-reported illness from chemical odors in young adults without clinical syndromes or occupational exposures. (abstract) Arch Environ Health. 1993 Jan-Feb;48(1):6–13 Ciesielski S, Loomis DP, Mims SR, Auer A. Pesticide exposures, cholinesterase depression, and symptoms among North Carolina migrant farmworkers. (abstract) Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):446–51. Dalton P, Wysocki CJ, Brody MJ, Lawley HJ. The influence of cognitive bias on the perceived odor, irritation and health symptoms from chemical exposure. (abstract) Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;69(6):407–17. Doty RL, Gregor T, Monroe C. Quantitative assessment of olfactory function in an industrial setting. (abstract) J Occup Med 1986;28:457–60. Doty RL, Hastings LM. Neurotoxic exposure and olfactory impairment. (No abstract available) In M.L. Bleeker (Ed.), Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Neurotoxicology), 2001;1: 547–75. Doty RL, Haxel BR. Objective assessment of terbinafine-induced taste loss. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2005 Nov;115(11):2035–7. Fernando IN, Patel T, Billingham L, et al. The effect of head and neck irradiation on taste dysfunction: a prospective study. (abstract) Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1995;7(3):173–8. Hotz P, Tschopp A, Söderström D, et al. Smell or taste disturbances, neurological symptoms, and hydrocarbon exposure. (abstract) Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;63(8):525–30. Georgellis A, Lindelöf B, Lundin A, et al. Multiple chemical sensitivity in male painters; a controlled provocation study. (abstract) Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003 Oct;206(6):531–8. Gobba F. Occupational exposure to chemicals and sensory organs: a neglected research field. (abstract) Neurotoxicology. 2003 Aug;24(4–5):675–91. Gromysz-Kałkowska K, Wójcik K, Szubartowska E, Unkiewicz-Winiarczyk A. Taste perception of cigarette smokers. (abstract) Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med]. 2002;57(2):143–54. Hannu T, Toskala E, Tuomi T, Sainio M. Anosmia in association with occupational use of a waterproof coating chemical. (abstract) Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Mar;55(2):142–4 Just T, Pau HW, Bombor I, et al. Confocal microscopy of the peripheral gustatory system: comparison between healthy subjects and patients suffering from taste disorders during radiochemotherapy. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2005 Dec;115(12):2178–82. Katotomichelakis M, Balatsouras D, Tripsianis G, et al. The effect of smoking on the olfactory function. (abstract) Rhinology. 2007 Dec;45(4):273–80. Comment in: Rhinology. 2007 Dec;45(4):257–8. Kawasaki S, Yazawa S, Ohnishi A, Ohi T. Chronic and predominantly sensory polyneuropathy in Toroku Valley where a mining company produced arsenic. [Article in Japanese] (abstract) Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2002 Jun;42(6):504–11. Kolstad HA, Silberschmidt M, Nielsen JB, et al. Multiple chemical sensitivity, a well-defined illness? [Article in Danish] (abstract) Ugeskr Laeger. 2006 Mar 13;168(11):1116–9. Comment in: Ugeskr Laeger. 2006 Sep 11;168(37):3143; author reply 3143. Ugeskr Laeger. 2007 May 21;169(21):2037; author reply 2037. Latkowski B, Zalewski P, Najwer K, et al. Evaluation of the senses of taste and smell in petroleum chemistry workers based on 3-year observations. [Article in Polish] (abstract) Med Pr. 1981;32(1):51–7. Mascagni P, Consonni D, Bregante G, et al. Olfactory function in workers exposed to moderate airborne cadmium levels. (abstract) Neurotoxicology. 2003 Aug;24(4–5):717–24. Maes A, Huygh I, Weltens C, et al. De Gustibus: time scale of loss and recovery of tastes caused by radiotherapy. (abstract) Radiother Oncol. 2002 May;63(2):195–201. Morgan DL. NTP Toxicity Study Report on the atmospheric characterization, particle size, chemical composition, and workplace exposure assessment of cellulose insulation (CELLULOSEINS). (abstract) Toxic Rep Ser. 2006 Aug;(74):1–62, A1-C2. Muttray A, Haxel B, Mann W, Letzel S. Toxic anosmia and rhinitis due to occupational solvent exposure. [Article in German] (abstract) HNO. 2006 Nov;54(11):883–7. Nelson GM. Biology of taste buds and the clinical problem of taste loss. (abstract) Anat Rec. 1998 Jun;253(3):70–8. Osterberg K, Persson R, Karlson B, Orbaek P. Annoyance and performance of three environmentally intolerant groups during experimental challenge with chemical odors. (abstract) Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004 Dec;30(6):486–96. Pletsch PK, Kratz AT. Why do women stop smoking during pregnancy? Cigarettes taste and smell bad. (abstract) Health Care Women Int. 2004 Aug;25(7):671–9. Prudhomme JC, Shusterman DJ, Blanc PD. Acute-onset persistent olfactory deficit resulting from multiple overexposures to ammonia vapor at work. (No abstract available) J Am Board Fam Pract. 1998 Jan-Feb;11(1):66–9. Comment in: J Am Board Fam Pract. 1998 Nov-Dec;11(6):497. Rollin H. Drug-related gustatory disorders. (abstract) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1978 Jan-Feb;87(1 Pt 1):37–42. Rose CS, Heywood PG, Costanzo RM. Olfactory impairment after chronic occupational cadmium exposure. (abstract) J Occup Med. 1992;34:600–5. Rydzewski B, Sułkowski W, Miarzyńska M. Olfactory disorders induced by cadmium exposure: a clinical study. (abstract) Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1998;11(3):235–45. Saito M, Kumano H, Yoshiuchi K, et al. Symptom profile of multiple chemical sensitivity in actual life. (abstract) Psychosom Med. 2005 Mar-Apr;67(2):318–25. Erratum in: Psychosom Med. 2007 Apr;69(3):294–6. Comment in: Psychosom Med. 2007 Apr;69(3):292–3; author reply 293–4. Sandow PL, Hejrat-Yazdi M, Heft MW. Taste loss and recovery following radiation therapy. (abstract) J Dent Res. 2006 Jul;85(7):608–11. Schiffman SS, Nagle HT. Effect of environmental pollutants on taste and smell. (abstract) Otolaryngol—Head Neck Surg. 1992;106:693–700. Schwartz B, Doty RL, Frye RE, et al. Olfactory function in chemical workers exposed to acrylate and methacrylate vapors. (abstract) Am J Public Health. 1989;79:613–18. Schwartz LK, Weiffenbach JM, Valdez IH, Fox PC. Taste intensity performance in patients irradiated to the head and neck. (abstract) Physiol Behav. 1993 Apr;53(4):671–7. Shi HB, Masuda M, Umezaki T, et al. Irradiation impairment of umami taste in patients with head and neck cancer. (abstract) Auris Nasus Larynx. 2004 Dec;31(4):401–6. Stricker BH, Van Riemsdijk MM, Sturkenboom MC, Ottervanger JP. Taste loss to terbinafine: a case-control study of potential risk factors. (abstract) Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996 Sep;42(3):313–8. Sulkowski WJ, Rydzewski B, Miarzynska M. Smell impairment in workers occupationally exposed to cadmium. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol. 2000 Mar;120(2):316–8. Trevino S. Fish and shellfish poisoning. (abstract) Clin Lab Sci. 1998 Sep-Oct; 11(5):309–14. Wickham RS, Rehwaldt M, Kefer C, et al. Taste changes experienced by patients receiving chemotherapy. (abstract) Oncol Nurs Forum. 1999 May;26(4):697–706. Yamashita H, Nakagawa K, Tago M, et al. Taste dysfunction in patients receiving radiotherapy. (abstract) Head Neck. 2006 Jun;28(6):508–16. Yamashita H, Nakagawa K, Nakamura N, et al. Relation between acute and late irradiation impairment of four basic tastes and irradiated tongue volume in patients with head-and-neck cancer. (abstract) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Dec 1;66(5):1422–9. Epub 2006 Nov 2. Yu IT, Lee NL, Zhang XH, et al. Occupational exposure to mixtures of organic solvents increases the risk of neurological symptoms among printing workers in Hong Kong. (abstract) J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Apr;46(4):323–30. Top Smell and Taste Disorders in Relation to Specific Conditions or Diseases Bartosik-Psujek H, Psujek M, Stelmasiak Z. Rare first symptoms of multiple sclerosis. (abstract) Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med]. 2004;59(1):242–4. Basson MD, Bartoshuk LM, Dichello SZ, et al. Association between 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and colonic neoplasms. (abstract) Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Mar;50(3):483–9. Bernhardson BM, Tishelman C, Rutqvist LE. Chemosensory changes experienced by patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy: a qualitative interview study. (abstract) J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 Oct;34(4):403–12. Epub 2007 Jul 5. Bhagavath B, Podolsky RH, Ozata M, et al. Clinical and molecular characterization of a large sample of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (abstract) Fertil Steril. 2006 Mar;85(3):706–13. Bonfils P, Avan P, Malinvaud D. Influence of allergy on the symptoms and treatment of nasal polyposis. (abstract) Acta Otolaryngol. 2006 Aug;126(8):839–44. Bohnen NI, Gedela S, Kuwabara H, et al. Selective hyposmia and nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in Parkinson's disease. (abstract) J Neurol. 2007 Jan;254(1):84–90. Epub 2007 Feb 14. Brody D, Serby M, Etienne N, Kalkstein DS. Olfactory identification deficits in HIV infection. (abstract) American Journal of Psychiatry 148:248–250, 1991. Busenbark KL, Huber SJ, Greer G, et al. Olfactory function in essential tremor. (abstract) Neurology. 1992 Aug;42(8):1631–2. Bylsma FW, Moberg PJ, Doty RL, Brandt J. Odor identification in Huntington's disease patients and asymptomatic gene carriers. (abstract) Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience 9:598–600, 1997. Camicioli R, Grossmann SJ, Spencer PS, et al. Discriminating mild parkinsonism: methods for epidemiological research. (abstract) Mov Disord. 2001 Jan;16(1):33–40. Corcoran C, Whitaker A, Coleman E, et al. Olfactory deficits, cognition and negative symptoms in early onset psychosis. (abstract) Schizophr Res. 2005 Dec 15;80(2–3):283–93. Epub 2005 Aug 26. Czupryniak L, Loba J. Loss of taste-induced hypertension--caveat for taste modulation as a therapeutic option in obesity. (abstract) Eat Weight Disord. 2007 Mar;12(1):e11–3. Deleu D, Schmedding E. Ageusia as an initial manifestation of cranial arteritis. (No abstract available) Ear Nose Throat J. 1988 Aug;67(8):608. Demarquay G, Ryvlin P, Royet JP. Olfaction and neurological diseases: a review of the literature. [Article in French] (abstract) Rev Neurol (Paris). 2007 Feb;163(2):155–67. Devanand DP, Michaels-Marston KS, Liu X, et al. Olfactory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment predict Alzheimer's disease at follow-up. (abstract) Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;157(9):1399–405. Comment in: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;158(9):1533–4; author reply 1534–5. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;158(9):1533; author reply 1534–5. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;158(9):1534; author reply 1534–5. Dinn JJ. Transolfactory spread of virus in herpes simplex encephalitis. (No abstract available) Br J Med. 1980;281:1932. Doty RL, Deems D, Stellar S. Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A general deficit unrelated to neurologic signs, disease stage, or disease duration. (abstract) Neurology. 1988;38:1237–44,. Doty RL, Golbe LI, McKeown DA, et al. 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