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Maternal deprivation syndrome

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Illustrations

Neonate
Neonate

Alternative Names    Return to top

Nonorganic failure to thrive

Definition    Return to top

Maternal deprivation syndrome is a form of failure to thrive that is caused by neglect (intentional or unintentional).

Causes    Return to top

The majority of cases of failure to thrive in infants and young children (under 2 years old) are not caused by disease. Most cases are caused by dysfunctional caregiver interaction, poverty, child abuse, and parental ignorance about appropriate child care. Such cases are considered "nonorganic" failure to thrive. Failure to thrive in children less than 2 years old is defined as failure to gain adequate weight, failure of linear growth, and failure to achieve some or all developmental milestones.

In maternal deprivation syndrome, although the mother or other primary caregiver may appear concerned, the interplay and physical contact normally seen between mother and infant may be absent or distorted.

Factors that may contribute to maternal deprivation syndrome include:

Symptoms    Return to top

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Careful evaluation by a doctor is the first step. A physical exam, medical history, and simple laboratory tests can be used to rule out major medical illnesses as the cause. The doctor will closely examine the patient's growth chart.

The doctor should involve family members and social service agencies to help the mother. A child's feeding should be gradually increased to 150 calories/kg/day.

If the doctor is concerned for the child's safety or treatment has not been successful, the child may need to stay in the hospital.

Treatment    Return to top

Treatment of failure to thrive is a major undertaking which requires the input of a multidisciplinary team including physicians, nutritionists, social workers, behavioral specialists, and visiting nurses.

Many programs are available for young parents, single parents, and parents having other problems. Referrals should be made as early as possible to appropriate programs.

Helping extended family members recognize that a problem exists and recruiting their help will provide increased support for the mother and infant.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

With adequate attention and care, full recovery is expected. However, neglect severe enough to cause failure to thrive can kill if it continues.

Possible Complications    Return to top

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child does not seem to be growing or developing normally. Also, ask for the provider's advice if you think you don't know how to properly care for your child, or if you are overwhelmed by feelings of sadness or other problems, and fear you may harm your baby.

Postpartum depression and other mental illnesses may make caregivers feel hopeless and unable to properly care for their children, but there are resources and help available -- there is no shame in asking for help.

Prevention    Return to top

Education is an important part of prenatal care. Parenting classes and support groups are often available and should be strongly encouraged.

Early intervention programs are specifically designed to bring together the necessary resources to assist children with failure to thrive. The earlier high-risk parents become involved with such programs, the better the child does.

Update Date: 10/15/2007

Updated by: Deirdre O’Reilly, MD, MPH, Neonatologist, Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Review Provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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