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Your search term(s) "Thrombocytosis or thrombosis" returned 95 results.

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Recommendations for Management of Diabetes During Ramadan. Diabetes Care. 28(9): 2305-2311. September 2005.

Muslims who fast during Ramadan must abstain from eating, drinking, use of oral medications, and smoking from predawn to after sunset; however, there are no restrictions on food or fluid intake between sunset and dawn. This article outlines recommendations for patients with diabetes who follow the fasting requirements of the Muslim season of Ramadan. The Koran specifically exempts the sick from the duty of fasting, especially if fasting might lead to harmful consequences for the individual. Patients with diabetes fall under this category because their chronic metabolic disorder may place them at high risk for various complications if the pattern and amount of their meal and fluid intake is markedly altered. However, many patients with diabetes insist on fasting during Ramadan. The authors note their goals as threefold: to invite an open dialogue on this important topic; to offer a set of medical opinions and suggestions; and to identify topics of research needed to answer important medical questions regarding fasting during Ramadan. The authors emphasize that fasting, especially for patients with type 1 diabetes with poor glycemic (blood glucose) control, is associated with multiple risks. These risks include hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels), hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels), diabetic ketoacidosis (a metabolic complication that can result in coma), and dehydration and thrombosis (the development of clots). The authors conclude by stressing that a patient's decision to fast should be made after ample discussion with his or her physician concerning the risks involved. Patients who insist on fasting should undergo pre-Ramadan assessment and receive appropriate education and instructions related to physical activity, meal planning, glucose monitoring, and dosage and timing of medications. Close follow-up is essential to reduce the risk for complications. 3 tables. 30 references.

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Transplant Operation and Its Surgical Complications. IN: Danovitch, G.M. Handbook of Kidney Transplantation. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2005. pp. 193-211.

Kidney transplantation is an elective or semi-elective surgical procedure performed in patients who have undergone careful preoperative assessment and preparation. Chronic dialysis enables patients to be maintained in optimal condition and provides time to address potentially complicating medical and surgical issues. The authors of this chapter discuss these preparations. The chapter, on the transplant operation and its surgical complications, is from a handbook that offers a practical guide for health care providers who manage kidney transplant patients. Specific topics include immediate preoperative preparations, operative techniques, surgical considerations in young children, intraoperative fluid management, dual-kidney transplantation, and the surgical complications of kidney transplantation, including wound infection, lymphocele, bleeding, graft thrombosis, the need for perioperative anticoagulation, renal artery stenosis, urine leaks, and ureteral obstruction. An additional section discusses allograft nephrectomy (removal of prior kidney transplants that have failed). 6 figures. 2 tables. 14 references.

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Vascular Access for Hemodialysis. In: Clinical Dialysis. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 2005. pp. 27-46.

Successful hemodialysis requires access to large blood vessels capable of supporting rapid extracorporeal blood flow. This chapter on vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis is from a textbook on the clinical care of dialysis patients. There are three general situations in which hemodialysis is required: acute renal failure, poisonings, and end stage renal disease (ESRD). In the first two situations, immediate and perhaps only temporary access to the circulation system is required. These requirements are best met by the percutaneous insertion of dual-lumen hemodialysis catheters into large central veins. In ESRD, reliable, long-term access to the circulation system is essential for adequate dialysis therapy. Long-term access is best accomplished by the construction of an endogenous arteriovenous fistula. The authors discuss patient care management, surgical techniques, and the complications of VA, which can include thrombosis, infection of native and synthetic fistulas, cuffed catheter-related infection, problems with antibiotics, congestive heart failure, hand ischemia, aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, and venous stenoses. The authors conclude that the morbidity of a maintenance hemodialysis patient is in large part determined by the ability of the nephrologists, vascular surgeon, and vascular radiologist to establish and maintain adequate vascular access. 7 figures. 143 references.

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Why Is There More Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes?. Practical Diabetology. 25(4): 10-15. December 2005.

Cardiovascular disease is of major importance for patients with diabetes. This article considers some of the controversies in this area while presenting information about why there is more cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes. The author focuses on the vascular endothelium as the final common pathway of all risk factors that accompany cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes. The vascular endothelium is no longer considered to be only a passive lining but rather is an active endocrine organ, playing a critical role in normal vascular function. The author discusses nutrient dynamics and endothelial function, glycemia and cardiovascular disease, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, enhanced thrombosis in diabetes, the risk levels in people with type 1 diabetes, enhanced inflammation in diabetes, and inflammatory markers. The author reminds readers that dyslipidemia and hypertension are both risk factors for increased macrovascular risk in people with and without diabetes. Until the data are clearer on why there is so much macrovascular disease in diabetes, patients must continue to strive for near-normal blood glucose levels and healthy levels of blood lipids and blood pressure as the best way to stave off cardiovascular disease. 14 references.

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Acute Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis. In: Kelly, K.A.; Sarr, M.G.; Hinder, R.A., eds. Mayo Clinic Gastrointestinal Surgery. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2004. p. 447-455.

Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare severe form of acute mesenteric ischemic (lack of blood flow in the main arteries of the intestines). The clinical presentation is frequently insidious; signs and symptoms of the disease may be nonspecific, and delay in diagnosis is frequent, resulting in substantial mortality. The main causes of death in this condition are bowel infarction with peritonitis leading to septic shock and short-bowel syndrome after extensive resection. This chapter on acute mesenteric venous thrombosis is from a book that focuses on the major diseases treated by gastrointestinal surgeons, from the esophagus to the anal canal. The presentation has a definite clinical orientation and a major emphasis on practical applications as they are applied at the Mayo Clinic. The authors of this chapter review the incidence, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis. The authors discuss the difficulty in reaching an early diagnosis, review the accuracy of available imaging studies, and discuss nonsurgical and surgical treatment options and results. The authors conclude with an algorithm for optimal management of patients who have this potentially lethal condition. The chapter is illustrated with line drawings and black-and-white photographs. 7 figures. 4 tables. 52 references.

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Mayo Clinic Gastrointestinal Surgery. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2004. 1020 p.

This book focuses on the major diseases treated by gastrointestinal surgeons, from the esophagus to the anal canal. The presentation has a definite clinical orientation and a major emphasis on practical applications as they are applied at the Mayo Clinic. Sections on etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, and diagnosis are also included by are purposely not the emphasis of the chapters. The book offers 49 chapters: the experience of being a Mayo Clinic surgeon; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal hiatal hernia; achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders; epiphrenic esophageal diverticula; cancer of the esophagus; gastric adenocarcinoma, primary gastric lymphoma; peptic ulcer; disorders of gastrointestinal motility and emptying after gastric operations; morbid obesity; hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; hepatic metastases from extrahepatic cancers; benign tumors and cysts of the liver; liver diseases necessitating liver transplantation; biliary stone disease; benign biliary strictures; cancer of the gallbladder; pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma; islet cell tumors; acute and chronic pancreatitis; pancreas transplantation after complications of diabetes mellitus; cystic tumors of the pancreas; thrombocytopenia and other hematologic disorders; malignant tumors of the small intestine; villous tumors of the duodenum; small intestinal diverticula; Crohn's disease; small bowel obstruction; acute mesenteric ischemia; acute mesenteric venous thrombosis; chronic mesenteric ischemia; visceral artery aneurysms; colonic motor disorders (constipation); diverticular disease of the colon; colon cancer; ischemic colitis; appendicitis; chronic ulcerative colitis; colonic volvulus; familial adenomatous polyposis; cancer of the rectum; common anorectal problems; rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome; abdominal trauma; unclosable abdomen and the dehisced wound; ventral and incisional hernias; open repair of inguinal hernia; endoscopic inguinal hernia repair; and common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Each chapter is illustrated with line drawings, black and white photographs, and some color plates. References are provided with each chapter and a detailed subject index concludes the text.

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Arteriovenous Fistula. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 14(6): 1669-1680. June 2003.

Recent guidelines on the care of kidney disease patients requiring hemodialysis have recommended the use of AV fistulae over PTFE grafts, as outcomes are generally better with the AV fistula. However, there are often high primary failure rates with the AV fistula. This article provides insight into the cellular biology and pathophysiology underlying the vascular adaptation to the creation of an AV fistula. The authors describe some small, often neglected, but important technical details that determine the success of the procedure. The authors state that primary failure rates can be substantially improved by attention to small but important details of surgical technique. They conclude that there is no single standard approach and surgical management must be individualized. One key to success is early referral and early establishment of a vascular access after preoperative assessment using ultrasonography. Regular monitoring of the fistula is indicated, and fistula flow should be assessed in critical cases as the single most important predictor of fistula thrombosis. 11 figures. 2 tables. 74 references.

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Budd-Chiari Syndrome. In: PDxMD. PDxMD Gastroenterology. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2003. p. 15-41.

Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by an impediment of venous blood flow from the liver, caused by thrombosis (clotting), external compression, or venous malformation. The consequences of this syndrome include portal hypertension, cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), and liver failure. Treatment includes thrombolytic therapy, re-establishing venous flow by shunting or stenting, and in fulminant cases, orthotopic liver transplantation. This chapter on Budd-Chiari syndrome is from a book on gastroenterology that offers concise, action-oriented recommendations for primary care medicine. The chapter covers summary information and background on the condition, and comprehensive information on diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and prevention. Specific topics covered include the ICD9 code, urgent action, synonyms, cardinal features, causes (etiology), epidemiology, differential diagnosis, signs and symptoms, associated disorders, investigation of the patient, appropriate referrals and consultations, diagnostic considerations, clinical tips, treatment options, patient management issues, drug therapies, prognosis, complications, and how to prevent recurrence. The information is provided in outline and bulleted format for ease of accessibility. The final section of the chapter offers resources, including related associations, key references, and the answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs). 5 references.

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Hemorrhoidal Symptom Complex. In: Stein, E. Anorectal and Colon Diseases: Textbook and Color Atlas of Proctology. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. 2003. p. 71-106.

Hemorrhoids are found on proctoscopic examination in about 70 percent of adults over 30 years of age. This high percentage makes clear that the vast majority of individuals with hemorrhoids are asymptomatic. However, when there is impaired blood flow in the sinusoidal cushions associated with inflammation and spread to adjacent tissues, then pain, discharge, bleeding, and other symptoms may occur (the hemorrhoidal symptom complex). This chapter on the hemorrhoidal symptom complex is from a multidisciplinary reference book and atlas that covers all aspects of anorectal and colon disease (proctology). Topics in this chapter include hemorrhoids, anal tags, perianal thrombosis (clotting), anal prolapse, rectal prolapse, cryptitis and papillitis, hypertrophic anal papillae, anal rhagades and erosions, anal fissure, anorectal abscess, and fistulas. For each condition, the author discusses etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and therapy. The chapter includes full-color and black-and-white illustrations and photographs, to support the heavily-visual aspects of proctology. Each section concludes with a list of references. 20 figures. 1 table. 157 references.

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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2003. 856 p.

This comprehensive textbook serves as a reference for scientists, physicians, and surgeons involved in all aspects of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel diseases, IBD). The text offers 49 chapters in six sections: historical review and perspectives, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnosis of IBD, medical treatment, surgical treatment, and complications and clinical problems in IBD. Specific topics include epidemiology of IBD, genetics, microbial factors, intestinal permeability and mucosal defense, the immune system, animal models and their relevance to human IBD, symptoms, differential diagnosis, imaging studies, histopathology, natural history, prognosis, induction and maintenance of remission, fulminant ulcerative colitis, biological therapies, pharmacogenetics, nutrition and diet in IBD, probiotics, surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgery, stoma management, pouchitis and pouch dysfunction, intestinal complications, hepatobiliary disease, osteoporosis, thrombosis, anemia, extraintestinal manifestations, IBD in children, IBD in pregnancy, IBD in the elderly, and quality of life considerations. Each chapter includes a learning goal, a list of key points, a brief list of key references, figures and tables, and a lengthy list of references. The text concludes with a detailed subject index.

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