| Abstract: |
This article describes the catheter-related complications that can occur with the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), focusing on the two major complications related to catheters: occlusion and infection. Topics include nonthrombotic catheter occlusion, catheter-related infection, catheter sepsis and its diagnosis, and exit site and tunnel infections. In each category, the author reviews the typical and atypical symptoms, diagnostic considerations, and treatment options. The author notes that most thrombotic disease actually occurs around, rather than within, the catheter. However, catheter thrombosis is a relatively uncommon occurrence. The greatest risk for developing catheter thrombosis is a previous catheter thrombosis in the absence of catheter malposition. Many catheter occlusions are related to mechanical problems. In long-term patients, most infections occur at the hub, primarily as a result of contamination and improper cleaning of the catheter. 5 figures. 31 references. |