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Your search term(s) "Interstitial Cystitis" returned 23 results.
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Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2008. 12 p.
This fact sheet describes interstitial cystitis (IC), a condition that results in recurring discomfort or pain in the bladder and the surrounding pelvic region. Symptoms may include an urgent need to urinate, a frequent need to urinate, or a combination of these symptoms. In recent years, scientists have started to use the term painful bladder syndrome (PBS) to describe cases with painful urinary symptoms that may not meet the strictest definition of IC. Written in a question-and-answer format, the fact sheet covers a definition of these urinary conditions; the causes of IC; diagnostic strategies, including urinalysis and urine culture, culture of prostate secretions, cystoscopy under anesthesia with bladder distention, and biopsy; treatments for IC and PBS, including bladder distention, bladder instillation, oral drugs, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations, diet, quitting smoking, exercise, bladder training, and surgery; and special concerns, including pregnancy and the psychosocial impact of coping with IC and PBS. The fact sheet concludes with a summary of research programs in this area, a list of suggested readings, a list of resource organizations for readers wanting additional information, and a brief description of the activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 3 figures.
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Interstitial Cystitis (Painful Bladder Syndrome). Washington, DC: National Women’s Health Information Center. 2007. 4 p.
This fact sheet answers common questions about interstitial cystitis (IC), a condition also called painful bladder syndrome. IC is defined as a chronic bladder problem that can cause pain and other symptoms. People with IC have an inflamed and irritated bladder that can lead to scarring and stiffening of the bladder, less bladder capacity, and bleeding in the bladder. IC can vary from relatively mild symptoms to severe cases that have an impact on the person’s quality of life. The fact sheet discusses the current research on the causes of IC, the symptoms and signs of the condition, diagnostic tests used to confirm the presence of IC, how diet affects IC, pregnancy in women with IC, and treatment options including bladder distention, bladder instillation, oral medicines, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), self-help strategies, and surgery. A final section lists contact information for three resource organizations through which readers can get additional information: the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse at 1–800–891–5390 or www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov, the Interstitial Cystitis Association at 1–800–435–7422 or www.ichelp.org, and the American Urological Association Foundation at 1–866–746–4282 or www.afud.org.
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Interstitial Cystitis and Painful Bladder Syndrome. IN: Litwin, M.S.; Saigal, C.S., eds. Urologic Diseases in America. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. pp. 123-156.
Interstitial cystitis (IC) and painful bladder syndrome (PBS) are chronic conditions characterized by frequent urination and bladder pain. Onset frequently occurs in the patient’s fourth decade or after and the disease typically fluctuates in severity but rarely resolves completely. This chapter on IC and PBS is from a lengthy text that offers a comprehensive portrait of the illness burden and resource use associated with the major urologic diseases in the United States. In this chapter, the authors discuss definition and diagnosis, manifestations of disease, prevalence and incidence, risk factors, clinical evaluation, trends in health care resource utilization for this condition, specifically inpatient and outpatient care, and economic impact. They conclude by noting that because no objective marker exists for IC or PBS, the exact prevalence of the disorder is not currently known. Outpatient visits related to these conditions are increasing, perhaps due to an increased awareness of the disorders or to a national increase in the number of patients. A final section offers recommendations in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, and areas of needed research. 4 figures. 26 tables. 18 references.
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Symptoms of Interstitial Cystitis, Painful Bladder Syndrome and Similar Diseases in Women: A Systematic Review. Journal of Urology. 177(2): 450-456. February 2007.
The symptoms of interstitial cystitis (IC) in women can be difficult to differentiate from those of painful bladder syndrome and may also overlap with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI), chronic urethral syndrome, overactive bladder, vulvodynia, and endometriosis. This article reports the results of a systematic literature review undertaken to determine how best to distinguish IC from related conditions. The authors screened 2,680 article titles, of which 604 were read in full. The most commonly reported IC symptoms were bladder or pelvic pain, urgency, frequency, and nocturia. IC and painful bladder syndrome share the same cluster of symptoms. Chronic urethral syndrome is an outdated term. Recurrent UTIs may be differentiated from IC and painful bladder syndrome via a combination of self-report and urine culture information. Pain distinguishes IC from overactive bladder and vulvar pain may distinguish vulvodynia from IC. The authors conclude that identifying IC and painful bladder syndrome in women with more than one of these diseases may be difficult. 4 tables. 68 references.
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What I Need to Know About Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. 18 p.
This booklet describes interstitial cystitis (IC), a condition that results in recurring discomfort or pain in the bladder and the surrounding pelvic region. Symptoms may include an urgent need to urinate, a frequent need to urinate, or a combination of these symptoms. In recent years, scientists have started to use the term painful bladder syndrome (PBS) to describe cases with painful urinary symptoms that may not meet the strictest definition of IC. Written in a question-and-answer format and using nontechnical language, the fact sheet covers a definition of these urinary conditions; the causes of IC; diagnostic strategies, including urine testing, culture of prostate secretions, cystoscopy under anesthesia with bladder distention, and biopsy; and treatments for IC and PBS, including bladder stretching, bladder medicines, oral drugs, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations, diet, smoking cessation, exercise, bladder retraining, physical therapy, oral medications, and surgery. The fact sheet briefly summarizes research programs in this area, provides a list of resource organizations for readers wanting additional information, and briefly describes the activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 7 figures. 3 references.
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Drugs Used in the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis. IN: Eardley, I., et al, eds. Drug Treatment in Urology. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2006. pp. 62-73.
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic, debilitating condition that is characterized by urinary frequency and urgency, together with chronic pelvic or perineal pain. This chapter on drugs used in the treatment of IC is from a book that offers a comprehensive summary of the role of pharmacology in urology. After an introductory section that reviews the epidemiology of IC and the impact of this condition on the patient’s quality of life, the authors summarize the principles of therapy for this difficult-to-manage problem. Therapies can be undertaken for urothelial protection, mast cell or histamine release inhibition, immunogenic response modulation, modulation of neurogenic inflammation, and modulation of nociception. Specific drugs discussed including those approved for the treatment of IC: pentosan polysulphate (Elmiron), hyaluronic acid/sodium hyaluronate (Cystistat), and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO or RIMSO-50). The author also reviews some of the research into agents that are not yet licensed for treating IC: hydroxyzein, cimetidine, amitriptyline, L-arginine, bacillus Calmette-Guerin, cyclosporin, heparin, misoprostol, and montelukast; a final section briefly considers future developments in this area, including the use of suplatast tosilate, vanilloid receptor antagonists, resiniferatoxin, botulinum toxin, and gene therapy. 1 table. 45 references.
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Evaluation and Treatment. Female Patient. 31(3): 8-9. March 2006.
This article reviews the evaluation and treatment of painful bladder syndrome (PBS), also known as interstitial cystitis (IC). The author begins by emphasizing that this condition can be challenging to treat and diagnose; it has no known cause and no specific diagnostic test to identify it. Most patients are female and usually have the following three symptoms: bladder pain, discomfort or pressure; urinary frequency; and urinary urgency. Readers are encouraged to be as specific as possible when describing their symptoms to the health care provider; suggestions for organizing one’s thoughts before a doctor’s appointment are provided. The author also lists questions that patients can answer before they meet with their health care provider; this preparation may result in a more satisfactory interview process and a quicker, more accurate diagnosis.
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Focus on Pelvic Pain in Men (and Women): NIDDK Conference Brings New Perspectives on Pelvic Pain. ICA Update. p. 7-9. January- February 2006.
This newsletter article reports on a recent conference (October 2005, Baltimore, Maryland), the Chronic Pelvic Pain-Chronic Prostatitis Scientific Workshop, which was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Although a major focus was on chronic prostatitis in men, the conference also discussed interstitial cystitis (IC). The article outlines some of the workshop sessions, which covered neuropathic pain, pelvic pain conditions that occur in tandem with other pain conditions, how the pelvic organs are innervated and how pain from them is transmitted, pudendal neuralgia, the use of nerve blocks, new drugs that are currently in research studies, the role of inflammation in pelvic pain, the use of opioids to treat chronic pelvic pain, the genetic origins of pain sensitivity and responses, the differences in gender reactions to pain and to analgesic therapy, new approaches to measuring pain, working in tandem with patients to design measurements that are valuable to the patients as well as to the researchers, and the integration of physical and psychological therapies. The author notes the workshop presenters’ names and affiliations, although contact information is not provided.
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Interstitial Cystitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain. IN: Kellogg Parsons, J.; James Wright, E., eds. Brady Urology Manual. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 85-94.
This chapter about interstitial cystitis (IC)/chronic pelvic pain is from a reference handbook that offers a comprehensive overview of urology, presented in outline and bulleted formats for ease of access in the busy health care world of hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics. The author notes that IC/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a chronic, often unrecognized, lower urinary tract disease. The chapter covers epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, symptoms, diagnostic strategies, medical therapy, and surgical therapy. Primary symptoms of IC include one or more of the following: urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and pelvic pain. Other symptoms can include nocturia, dysuria, dyspareunia, and testicular, scrotal, and perineal pain. IC may be caused by bladder epithelial dysfunction, which leads to diffusion of urinary solutes, notably potassium, into the bladder interstitium, tissue injury, and inappropriate afferent nerve stimulation. Patient evaluation should include history with validated symptom questionnaire, physical examination, urinalysis, and urine culture. Additional tests that might be used include the potassium sensitivity test, cystoscopy, and urodynamics. The author concludes that urinary diversion should be considered only in patients with severe disease that is refractory to less invasive therapies. The chapter concludes with a list of references for additional reading. 2 figures. 54 references.
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Intestinal Cystitis - Painful Bladder Syndrome Checklist. Female Patient. 31(3): 14. March 2006.
This single-page article provides a checklist that readers can use as they cope with the problem of painful bladder syndrome (PBS), also known as interstitial cystitis (IC). The author stresses that evaluation and treatment of bladder pain progresses step by step. The checklist provides a list of what to expect at each of six visits to a health care provider. The first visit includes diagnostic questions, a physical examination, laboratory tests, and a discussion of test results. The second visit includes more detailed tests, a discussion about management of PBS and IC, and planning for treatment, including dietary therapy, physical therapy, and medications (a list of common medications used is provided). The third and following visits are for progress review and have fewer items on their checklist. Readers are reminded that health care providers may differ in the specific approach to PBS and IC, but this checklist gives an overview of what to expect.
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Overlapping Symptoms. Female Patient. 31(3): 5-7, 10. March 2006.
This article considers the difficulties of diagnosing painful bladder syndrome (PBS), also known as interstitial cystitis (IC). The author begins by emphasizing the importance of locating a health care provider who is knowledgeable about these conditions and willing to be persistent in finding the reason for the patient’s bladder pain, urgency, and urinary frequency. Pain, pressure, or discomfort are the most common and disabling symptoms of PBS and IC. These symptoms are usually worse with bladder filling and improve after the bladder is emptied. Left untreated, this condition can significantly interfere with a woman’s ability to work, sleep, care for her family, and have a normal home and social life. The author reviews the possible causes of PBS and IC, the tests that may be used as part of the diagnostic process, and common misdiagnoses that can occur on the path to correct diagnosis. The author compares PBS and IC to chronic or recurrent bacterial cystitis, overactive bladder, endometriosis, and chronic pelvic pain. Readers are encouraged to educate themselves about their condition and to work closely with their health care providers to find an accurate diagnosis and improve the symptoms.
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Urodynamics: What? When? Why?. ICA Update. p. 14-15. April-May 2006.
This newsletter article reviews the use of urodynamic testing, which is often used to monitor interstitial cystitis (IC). Urodynamics is a group of tests used to determine how the lower urinary tract is functioning. The author describes the different types of tests, including the uroflow test, filling cystometry (cystometrogram), videourodynamics, the urethral pressure profile, and the voiding pressure study (or pressure flow study). The author describes the equipment and instruments used, what the patient can expect to feel, and strategies that can make the procedures more comfortable for patients with IC or painful bladder syndrome (PBS). The article concludes with a section that describes how the information gained from urodynamic tests can be useful in diagnosis and patient care management. Some of the clinicians interviewed in the article maintain that urodynamic testing will probably only be used in about 10 percent of patients with suspected IC. Readers are encouraged to ask their health care provider specific questions about the benefits in their own case if urodynamic tests are recommended.
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Urothelial and Afferent Mechanisms Inducing Bladder Pain in Interstitial Cystitis. Journal of Neuropathic Pain and Symptom Palliation. 2(1): 3-22. 2006.
This article considers the urothelial and afferent mechanisms that can play a role in inducing the bladder pain associated with interstitial cystitis (IC). IC is a chronic disease characterized by urinary urgency and frequency, with bladder and pelvic pain on bladder filling. The authors caution that the symptoms of IC are easily confused with those of urinary tract infections (UTIs), but there is an absence of an underlying infection in IC, and antibiotic therapy is of no therapeutic benefit. The authors review the research supporting the potential pathogeneses of IC, including epithelial dysfunction, increased urothelial-afferent interaction, neurogenic inflammation, and hyperexcitability of bladder afferent pathways. The authors conclude that the syndrome of IC and painful bladder syndrome (PBS) may have multiple etiologies, all of which result in similar clinical manifestations. 6 figures. 172 references.
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What is Painful Bladder Syndrome?. Female Patient. 31(3): 2-4, 10. March 2006.
This article explores the problem of painful bladder syndrome (PBS), also known as interstitial cystitis (IC). The author begins by emphasizing the importance of locating a health care provider who is knowledgeable about these conditions and willing to be persistent in finding the reason for the patient’s bladder pain, urgency, and urinary frequency. The diagnosis of PBS and IC is usually somewhat complicated, involving the ruling out of other conditions (such as urinary tract infection), symptom checklists, a potassium sensitivity test, and cystoscopy. The author cautions that no one test can diagnose PBS and IC. The article then reviews treatment options, which include DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) instillation, an oral drug pentosan polysulfate sodium (Elmiron), other pain medications, lifestyle changes, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), bladder retraining, and surgery. The author stresses that it is not unusual to need to try more than one treatment, or to combine treatments, in order to get relief from the symptoms. Readers are encouraged to educate themselves about their condition and to work closely with their health care providers.
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Basic Guide to Bladder Health: How Much Do You Know About Your Bladder?. Linthicum, MD: American Urologic Association Foundation. 2005. 11 p.
This booklet describes the bladder and how to keep it in good working order. Topics include the anatomy and function of the male and female bladders, urinary tract infections, the different types of urinary incontinence (involuntary loss of urine), bladder cancer, bladder prolapse, interstitial cystitis, and steps that readers can take to help keep their bladders healthy. For each condition, the author outlines symptoms, diagnostic tests, etiology, treatment, and prevention. The booklet includes a glossary of terms, a list of resource organizations through which readers can get additional information, and blank space for readers to record any notes or questions. 2 figures.
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Management of Patients with Interstitial Cystitis or Chronic Pelvic Pain of Bladder Origin: A Consensus Report. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 21(4): 509-516. 2005.
This article presents a consensus report on the management of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) or chronic pelvic pain of bladder origin. IC is much more prevalent than previously thought and is often misdiagnosed. IC can be a challenging disease to treat, but increased awareness, better diagnostic tools, and effective drug therapy can help non-urologists successfully manage their patients with this condition. The authors discuss in-office symptom-based techniques that have been developed to screen for the presence of IC in both women and men presenting with symptoms of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) or chronic prostatitis (CP); the symptom questionnaire is appended to the article. A treatment approach including both drug therapy and nonpharmacological therapies is often most successful. Drugs used include pentosan polysulfate sodium, hydroxyzine (an antihistamine), amitriptyline (an antidepressant), gabapentin (an anticonvulsant), and oxycodone (a narcotic analgesic). The authors caution that individual patient response to therapy varies, with some patients taking up to several months to achieve an optimal therapeutic response. Readers are encouraged to use a comprehensive patient care algorithm for the diagnosis and management of IC. Due to its chronic nature, patients with IC should be encouraged to take responsibility for management of their disease and be active participants in choosing a treatment course. 1 appendix. 1 figure. 2 tables. 36 references.
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[Interstitial Cystitis] Treatment Options: Treatment Guidelines. Rockville, MD: Interstitial Cystitis Association. 2004. 7 p.
This fact sheet outlines interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic painful inflammatory condition of the bladder wall, and the goals, publications, and activities of the Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA). IC can include urinary frequency, urgency, and pain associated with urination or sexual intercourse. Diagnosis can be difficult and should include urine cultures and cystoscopy with hydrodistention. Non-invasive treatment techniques, such as diet modification and self-help, may be used in combination with other, more aggressive treatment modalities. The fact sheet includes the ICA Treatment Guidelines, which cover the etiology (cause), who is affected, the symptoms, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, clinical trials currently underway and available to IC patients, experimental treatments being considered for study, and research advances.
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Early Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Cystitis: What Primary Care Clinicians Should Know. Women's Health in Primary Care. 7(9): 1-8. October 2004.
This article updates primary care clinicians on the early diagnosis and management of interstitial cystitis (IC), a bladder disorder characterized by pelvic pain and urinary urgency or frequency. This condition may be much more prevalent than previously thought. Most patients with IC have only mild to moderate disease, with symptoms occurring in patterns of flares and remissions. Tools such as diagnostic questionnaires can help uncover the unique symptom complex of IC, and the potassium sensitivity test can be used in the office setting to diagnose IC. Other diagnostic tests used include the anesthetic bladder challenge and cystoscopy. The authors discuss treatment options, including behavioral and lifestyle changes, oral drug therapy, intravesical (in the bladder) drug therapy, hydrodistention, and experimental therapies and surgical approaches. The authors conclude that, with oral and intravesical medications, dietary changes, and behavior modifications, good results can be achieved in the majority of patients. Early treatment can control disease symptoms and may also decrease economic burden and disease progression. Figures include patient care algorithms and a patient symptom scale; one sidebar offers the perspective of a primary care physician who supports the use of patient surveys for detecting IC. 5 figures. 2 tables. 29 references.
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Interstitial Cystitis. IN: Foster, C.S. and Ross, J.S., eds. Pathology of the Urinary Bladder. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 2004. pp. 91-102.
This chapter, from a textbook on urinary bladder pathology, reviews interstitial cystitis (IC). The authors first briefly review the pathology of IC, then present demographic and clinical descriptions of a series of patients with IC who were examined histologically. The findings presented include light microscopic findings, ultrastructural studies, mast cells, autoimmunity and IC, pathogenetic complexity, and nitric oxide and IC. The authors conclude that diagnosis of classic and non-ulcer IC disease can be achieved from cystoscopic and histopathologic findings. However, the data indicate that IC may be a syndrome rather than a specific disease; additional research to clarify etiology and pathogenesis is needed. They note that the use of NIH-NIDDK guidelines is helpful in excluding IC-like conditions with different etiologies, such as carcinoma in situ, bacterial, or radiation-induced cystitis. The chapter includes full-color illustrations. 8 figures. 2 tables. 69 references.
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Interstitial Cystitis: Patient Fact Sheet. Pitman, NJ: Society of Urologic Nurses and Associates. 2004. 1 p.
This brief fact sheet provides an overview of interstitial cystitis (IC), an inflammation of the bladder that is not caused by bacteria. IC is characterized by a persistent urge to empty the bladder, as well as painful urination. The fact sheet reviews the epidemiology of IC, including its prevalence in women, then describes the associated symptoms. The fact sheet describes the diagnostic tests used to confirm IC and briefly outlines the treatment strategies, which include drug therapy, biofeedback-assisted pelvic muscle training, and dietary recommendations.
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Living with Interstitial Cystitis. Female Patient. 29(3): 10-15. March 2004.
As the medical profession’s knowledge of how to diagnose and treat chronic pelvic pain (CPP) of bladder origin has increased, more effective treatments for the management of interstitial cystitis (IC) have become available. This article reviews the strategies used to treat IC, a condition in which women feel the need to urinate urgently and frequently and they have pelvic pain or pressure that interferes with their lives. The author focuses on the importance of emotional support and understanding from friends and family members, how to cope with IC in a sexual relationship, the emotional impact of coping with a chronic, painful condition, and medical treatment options, including Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) therapy, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) instillation, oral medications, bladder training, and surgery. One sidebar offers dietary guidelines for IC; some patients find that food sensitivity affects their IC symptoms. A bladder symptom diary is also included for readers to record daily fluid intake and bladder activities. Readers are encouraged to educate themselves about their condition and to develop a support system that can contribute to quality of life and the overall success of therapy. 3 figures.
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Prevalence of Interstitial Cystitis in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Interstitial Cystitis. Urology. 63(1): 17-21. January 2004.
This article reports on a pilot study that compared the prevalence of interstitial cystitis (IC) among first-degree relatives of patients with IC with the prevalence of IC in the general population. The authors note that often the first evidence that a disease may have a genetic susceptibility is the demonstration of family aggregation of the disease. Of 2,581 respondents to a mail-in surgery, 101 (3.9 percent) reported 107 first-degree relatives with IC. The subsequent telephone interviews with 346 randomly selected nonrespondents revealed little selection bias in the mail-in surgery. The results suggest that women, 31 to 73 years old, who are first-degree relatives of patients with IC, themselves had a prevalence of IC of 995 out of 100,000. This compares to an approximate prevalence in the general population of American women of this age of 60 out of 100,000. This results in a prevalence of IC that is 17 times greater than that in the general population. The authors conclude that these results suggest, but do not prove, a genetic susceptibility to IC. 4 tables. 24 references.
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What is Chronic Pelvic Pain of Bladder Origin?. Female Patient. 29(3): 5-9 p. March 2004.
This article reviews the problem of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) of bladder origin, including that caused by interstitial cystitis (IC). IC is a condition in which women feel the need to urinate urgently and frequently and they have pelvic pain or pressure that interferes with their lives, even when they do not have a bladder infection or any known conditions causing these symptoms. The author notes that diagnosing IC can be difficult as many of the symptoms can mimic other causes of CPP. Symptoms can also ebb and flow, which makes typical diagnostic approaches less effective. The author reviews the physiology of the bladder lining and explains what goes wrong in IC. Readers are encouraged to seek assistance with these types of symptoms as soon as possible, as delay can make treatment more difficult. The article reviews the diagnostic tests that may be used to help confirm a diagnosis of IC, including the patient history, a physical examination, the patient symptom scale and a symptom diary, and cystoscopy. Readers are encouraged to educate themselves about their condition and to work closely with their health care providers to find an accurate diagnosis and improve their symptoms.
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