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Your search term(s) "Hormone replacement therapy" returned 29 results.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Better Glycemic Control in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 24(7): 1144-1150. July 2001.

This article describes a study that examined whether glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels varied by current hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women with type 2 diabetes. The population for the study was drawn from the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry. Among women with type 2 diabetes, the 15,435 women who had HbA1c measured at least once became the final cohort for all analyses in the study. HRT and HbA1c were assessed by reviewing records in the health plan's computerized laboratory and pharmacy systems. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected by survey. Among the cohort, 3,852 were currently using HRT before the HbA1c test. Among women currently using HRT, 62 percent were using unopposed estrogens, 36 percent were using opposed estrogen, and 2 percent were using progestins alone. Women currently using HRT were younger, leaner, better educated, and more likely to be non-Hispanic whites than women not using HRT. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly lower in women currently using HRT than in women not using HRT, and these differences increased after adjusting for age. No differences in HbA1c level were observed between women using unopposed estrogens and women using opposed estrogens. In a Generalized Estimating Equation model, which took into account patient clustering within physician and was adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, obesity, hypoglycemic therapy, diabetes duration, self monitoring of blood glucose, and exercise, HRT remained significantly and independently associated with decreased HBA1c levels. The article concludes that HRT was independently associated with decreased HbA1c level. Clinical trials will be necessary to understand whether HRT may improve glycemic control in women with diabetes. 1 figure. 2 tables. 37 references. (AA-M).

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Hormone Replacement Therapy or Prophylaxis in Postmenopausal Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 183(Supplement 1): S74-S76. March 1, 2001.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in women, and it occurs with much greater frequency among elderly than among younger women and with increasing frequency among postmenopausal women. This article explores the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as prophylaxis (preventive therapy) in postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI. The author reviews the related literature and concludes that estrogen replacement is effective not only in the treatment of urogynecological symptoms related to menopause but also in the prevention of recurrent UTIs. Younger postmenopausal women can benefit from oral hormonal therapy, which improves clinical symptoms related to menopause and helps avoid osteoporosis and ischemic heart disease; the use of vaginal estrogen should be limited to women older than 60 years for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis, recurrent UTIs, and urge incontinence. The use of HRT, including vaginal therapy, is contraindicated in women with active venous thromboembolism, severe active liver disease, and endometrial and breast carcinoma (cancer) but can be administered to women with diabetes, gallstones, and other relative contraindications. The author calls for additional studies evaluating the safety and comparative efficacy of oral and vaginal estriol. 1 figure. 10 references.

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Managed Menopause. Diabetes Forecast. 54(5): 69-70. May 2001.

This article reviews evidence on the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for older women with diabetes. Although some evidence suggests that HRT may be useful for women with diabetes, other research shows that HRT has mixed effects on blood lipids. However, the overall consensus that is emerging is that postmenopausal women with diabetes should be considered for HRT, as long as the risks and benefits are carefully weighed. Contraindications include a personal or family history of breast, endometrial, or uterine cancer. However, HRT may be beneficial for women with a personal or family history of heart disease or osteoporosis. HRT can take the form of pills or patches. When menopause begins, HRT can cause unexplained hypoglycemia that can be managed with adjustment to insulin doses. Once menopause is established, HRT can help maintain hormone levels in a stable range. The decision to start HRT is an intensely personal one, and women should talk with their health care providers to help them make this decision.

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Mayo Clinic on Managing Diabetes. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic. 2001. 194 p.

This book provides practical and easy to understand information on controlling diabetes and preventing complications of the disease. Part one provides facts about diabetes. Topics include types of diabetes, the signs and symptoms of diabetes, the risk factors for diabetes, and the criteria and tests for diagnosing diabetes. In addition, the issue of diabetic complications is addressed, focusing on hypoglycemia, diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, heart and blood vessel disease, and increased risk of infection. Part two deals with the components involved in controlling the disease. Chapters discuss monitoring blood glucose, eating a healthy diet, getting daily exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. Part three examines medical therapies for managing diabetes. Chapters provide information on the use of insulin to manage type 1 and type 2 diabetes; the use of sulfonylureas, meglinitides, biguanides, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and drug combinations to manage type 2 diabetes; and pancreas and islet cell transplantation as possible cures for diabetes. Part four addresses issues related to living well with diabetes. One chapter focuses on important tests every person who has diabetes should be getting, including the glycosylated hemoglobin test, lipid tests, the serum creatinine test, and the urine microalbumin test. Another chapter discusses self care issues, including having annual physical examinations, visiting a dentist regularly, caring for feet, avoiding smoking, monitoring blood pressure, and managing stress. A third chapter explores sexual health issues for both men and women. Topics include the affect of the menstrual cycle and menopause on blood glucose, hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy, and impotence. Each chapter concludes with a question and answer section. The book also includes a list of additional resources. 17 figures. 1 table.

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Risks and Monitoring of Elevated Parathyroid Hormone in Chronic Renal Failure (A Review). Dialysis and Transplantation. 30(3): 147-148, 150-152, 154-155. March 2001.

Elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are common in patients with chronic renal (kidney) failure (CRF). If excess PTH secretion is not treated, it leads to full blown secondary hyperparathyroidism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with many damaging effects in patients with CRF, and PTH has been suggested as an important toxin of uremia. The article reviews the risks and monitoring of elevated PTH in CRF. Elevated PTH blood levels are best treated by therapeutic administration of vitamin D compounds, but therapy must be monitored carefully to avoid oversuppression of PTH. Monitoring PTH levels is complicated because of the variety of different PTH tests available, the limitations of these tests, and the necessity of interpreting PTH results on a number of variables. Regardless of the methodology, regular and frequent determinations of serum PTH, calcium, and phosphate levels are important in the management of CRF patients, especially if the patients are receiving vitamin D hormone replacement therapy. Titrating the dose of vitamin D based on PTH levels has been suggested as a useful practice to further ensure positive patient outcomes and reduce costs in the long run by preventing many of the more costly interventions necessary when advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism develops. 46 references.

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Role of Estrogen Supplementation in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. International Urogynecology Journal. 12(4): 258-261. 2001.

The female lower urinary and genital tracts both arise from the primitive urogenital sinus and develop in close anatomical proximity. Sex hormones have a substantial influence on the female urinary tract throughout adult life, with fluctuations in their levels leading to macroscopic, histological, and functional changes. Urinary symptoms may therefore develop during the menstrual cycle, in pregnancy, and following menopause. This article explores the role of estrogen supplementation in lower urinary tract dysfunction. Estrogen deficiency, particularly when prolonged, is associated with a wide range of urogenital complaints, including frequency, nocturia (urinating at night), incontinence (involuntary loss of urine), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and the 'urge syndrome.' Estrogen supplementation subjectively improves urinary stress incontinence, but there is no objective benefit when given alone; however, estrogen given in combination with phenylpropanolamine may be clinically more useful. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does appear to treat postmenopausal irritative urinary symptoms such as frequency and urgency, possibly by reversing urogenital atrophy, and there is also evidence to suggest that estrogens can provide prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections. However, the 'best' type of estrogen, route of administration, and duration of therapy are at present unknown. 1 figure. 36 references.

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Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Vitamin D Hormone Replacement Therapy: New Treatment Perspectives. Dialysis and Transplantation. 30(2): 109-111, 125. February 2001.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) affects nearly all patients with chronic renal (kidney) failure (CRF). Recent evidence indicates that complications of SHPT are systemic, and not merely limited to renal bone disease. The link between SHPT and these co morbid conditions has prompted clinicians to make SHPT management a higher patient care priority. This article reviews the development of SHPT, the historical lack of appropriate treatment, and how vitamin D hormone replacement therapies could be used to prevent or limit its effects. In recent years, two vitamin D analogs that have been shown to be less calcemic, paricalcitol (Zemplar IV) and doxercalciferol (Hectorol oral and IV), have been approved for the treatment of SHPT in renal patients. Paricalcitol is active upon administration, with similar pharmacokinetic (how the drug works in the body) characteristics. However, doxercalciferol is a prohormone that, like endogenous vitamin D, must undergo metabolic transformation in the liver in order to form the active vitamin D hormone. This results in a pharmacokinetic profile that, at normal doses, provides blood levels of active vitamin D hormones that peak in 8 hours and remain in the physiologic range for more than 40 hours. This mimics the body's natural metabolism of vitamin D hormone, the ideal treatment for vitamin D hormone deficiency. 19 references.

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Growth Hormone Use in Adults. Today’s Dietitian. 9(4): 50-53. April 2007.

This article reviews the use of growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) in adults with a growth hormone deficiency. GHRT can help patients have increased muscle mass, decreased fat content, improved bone density and mood, lowered cholesterol, strengthened heart function, and increased quality of life. Most adult patients with a growth hormone deficiency have pituitary disease from known causes, including pituitary tumor, pituitary surgical damage, hypothalamic disease, irradiation, trauma, or reconfirmed childhood growth hormone deficiency. The author addresses the problem of misuse and mislabeling of growth hormone creams and pills advertised as ‘antiaging’ therapy, stressing that the only effective and approved method of application for growth hormone is through injections, and those are only appropriate in a carefully selected population of patients with documented growth hormone deficiency. The author reviews symptoms and diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children and adults, the administration and dosage of growth hormone, side effects that may be experienced at the beginning of GHRT, and where readers can find additional information and support. 1 figure. 3 references.

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Women and Diabetes: Staying Healthy in Body, Mind, and Spirit. 2nd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. 2000. 230 p.

This newly revised and updated book presents an approach to diabetes designed exclusively for women. The book explores different times of a woman's life and ways to deal with the situations and emotions likely to be encountered. The book includes stories of women who encountered dilemmas and made choices that are involved in living as a woman with diabetes. Chapter one asks readers to determine whether they are treating their diabetes as separate from themselves, as the dominant force in their life, or as part of their life and explains how women can develop a healthy relationship with diabetes. Chapter two helps readers become more aware of the choices they have already made and reveals some other choices that they can make for themselves. Chapter three helps women who have diabetes discover where they are on their journey in dealing with diabetes, handling life challenges, and coping with overall health issues. The chapter also helps the reader weave these three pathways of a life journey together to see how they interact to shape her life experience as a woman with diabetes. Chapter four focuses on relationships. Topics include understanding the impact of one's personality on relationships, dealing with other people, using social skills for maintaining health and wellness, and negotiating for agreements that meet one's needs. Chapter five discusses the impact of diabetes on the mind, body, and soul and offers tips on having a healthy relationship with one's mind, body, and soul. Chapter six explains how diabetes and one's physical health are interconnected, focusing on issues that are common to all women and some that are unique to women who have diabetes. Topics include sexuality, menses, contraception, pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, breast health, osteoporosis, and heart disease. Chapter seven focuses on life practices and explains how women can bring new practices into their life. Personal accounts are presented throughout the book to illustrate the topics being discussed. 1 table.

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