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Your search term(s) "Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia" returned 18 results.
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Neoplasms of the Prostate Gland. IN: Tanagho, E.; McAninch, J., eds. Smith’s General Urology. 17th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2008. pp 348-374.
This chapter about neoplasms of the prostate gland is from an updated edition of a comprehensive textbook about urology that offers an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders common to the genitourinary tract. The authors note that the prostate gland is the male organ most commonly afflicted with either benign or malignant neoplasms. Topics include the incidence and epidemiology, etiology, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); the incidence and epidemiology, molecular genetics and pathobiology, and treatment of prostate cancer; and prostate cancer chemoprevention. Treatment options for prostate cancer include watchful waiting and active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy radiation therapy, and cryosurgery and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). One section discusses therapy for recurrent disease. The chapter is illustrated with numerous black-and-white drawings and photographs. The chapter concludes with an extensive list of references, categorized by topic. 4 figures. 6 tables. 92 references.
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NIDDK Prostate Research Strategic Plan. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2008. 88 p.
Benign diseases of the prostate are among the most common urologic diseases seen by health care professionals. Two of the most significant prostate disorders, based on a variety of troubling symptoms and resulting in diminished quality of life (QOL) of affected males are benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis. This document presents a blueprint that investigators and the Federal Government can use to identify where the research in this field has been, where the field is now and, most important, where future research efforts should be directed. Not surprisingly, there is overlap in the major sections comprising this document with respect to some topics and recommendations. The document categorizes research efforts into four areas: basic science; epidemiology and population-based studies; translational opportunities; and clinical sciences. BPH, which is often associated with a collection of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), affects men of all races and ethnic groups and can progress in severity over time. If untreated, BPH can lead to significant consequences, such as acute urinary retention, incontinence, and urinary tract infection. Prostatitis affects men of all ages and leads to significant bother and diminished QOL. Prostatitis comprises four categories of acute or chronic disease, including chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Despite its relatively high prevalence—estimates have ranged from 2.7 to 9.7 percent in men 18 years and older—prostatitis remains a poorly understood disorder and is very challenging to treat. Moreover, prostatitis, specifically in its chronic form CP/CPPS, can be physically and psychologically devastating for many patients. Specific research topics considered in this report include: vascular biology, metabolism, inflammation and reactive stroma, stem cells, hormonal effects, animal models, aging, neurobiology, proteomics and new technologies, quality of care, quality of life, costs, serum and tissue biorepositories for prostatic disease, database studies and informatics, histopathology, genetics, measuring disease severity and outcome, drug therapies, phytotherapies, and behavioral and lifestyle interventions. Each section includes figures and tables and numerous references. 14 figures. 6 tables. 151 references.
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Bladder Neck Obstruction, and Prostatitis. IN: Atlas of Urodynamics. 2nd ed. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2007. pp 96-119.
The purpose of urodynamic testing is to measure and record various physiological variables while the patient is experiencing those symptoms which make up the presenting complaint. This chapter on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), bladder neck obstruction, and prostatitis is from an atlas of urodynamics that provides a comprehensive, detailed look at the indications, technology, and use of urodynamics in modern urologic practice. The chapter begins with a section defining the terminology currently in use, then goes on to cover mechanical obstruction, smooth muscle obstruction, differential diagnosis, urodynamic evaluation, primary bladder neck obstruction, acquired voiding dysfunction, bladder diverticula, the neurogenic bladder and BPH, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostatitis. The authors then present case illustrations, accompanied by figures and black-and-white photographs of actual urodynamic tests. The authors note that, even in patients with documented prostatic obstruction, factors other than the mechanical effects of prostatic bulk play an important role. These include detrusor muscle strength and tone, bladder wall compliance, smooth muscle function of the bladder neck and prostatic urethra, striated muscle function of the prostate-membranous urethra, and interstitial factors such as elastin and collagen type. 18 figures. 1 table. 15 references.
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. IN: Litwin, M.S.; Saigal, C.S., eds. Urologic Diseases in America. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. pp. 43-70.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common benign neoplasm, a chronic condition that increases in both incidence and prevalence with age. BPH is associated with progressive lower urinary tract symptoms and affects nearly three out of four men during the seventh decade of life. This chapter on BPH is from a lengthy text that offers a comprehensive portrait of the illness burden and resource use associated with the major urologic diseases in the United States. In this chapter, the authors discuss definition and diagnosis; prevalence and incidence; natural history; risk factors; clinical evaluation; trends in health care resource utilization for this condition, including inpatient and outpatient care, pharmaceutical management, surgical management, and nursing home care; and economic impact. They conclude by noting that BPH therapy trends are moving away from the gold-standard surgical options toward less-invasive drug therapy. However, complementary and alternative therapies for BPH remain poorly characterized and their efficacy largely undetermined. 5 figures. 26 tables. 19 references.
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Prostate Problems: What Men Need to Know. Los Problemas de Prostata: Lo Que Los Hombres Deben Saber. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. 4 p.
This fact sheet answers common questions that men may have about prostate problems and their possible impact on urination. Topics include the anatomy and physiology of the prostate, the different types of prostate problems, the symptoms of prostatitis, the causes of prostatitis, treatment options, the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the causes of BPH, other problems that can cause the same symptoms as prostatitis and BPH, and treatment strategies. Readers are referred to the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NIKUDIC) for more information. Two pages of the fact sheet are in English; the other two pages present the same information in Spanish.
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. IN: Kellogg Parsons, J.; James Wright, E., eds. Brady Urology Manual. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 71-84.
This chapter about benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is from a reference handbook that offers a comprehensive overview of urology, presented in outline and bulleted formats for ease of access in the busy health care world of hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics. The author defines BPH as uncontrolled, nonmalignant growth of the prostate characterized by hyperplasia of epithelial and stromal cells within the transition zone. The chapter covers prostate anatomy, presentation and epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, initial patient evaluation, general principles of treatment, watchful waiting, medical therapy, and minimally invasive therapies, including transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT), transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), prostatic urethral stents, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TUVP), transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP), laser ablation, and open prostatectomy. Clinically, BPH typically presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Index can be used as a measure for grading symptom severity, determining need for therapy, and assessing response to therapy. The authors stress that, due to the variability of the impact of LUTS on quality of life among men with BPH, the patient’s perception of the severity of the condition remains a primary determinant in the selection of management options. The chapter concludes with a list of references for additional reading and an appendix that reprints the AUA symptom index for BPH. 2 appendices. 2 figures. 44 references.
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Bladder Outflow Obstruction. IN: Dawson, C.; Whitfield, H.N., eds. ABC of Urology. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2006. pp. 6-9.
Bladder outflow obstruction is most commonly the result of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This chapter on bladder outflow obstruction is from an atlas of basic urologic problems that is designed to help general practitioners address the ever-increasing number of patients presenting to their offices with urological problems. In this chapter, the author focuses on bladder outflow obstruction that is secondary to BPH. Topics include the patient history, examination, and investigations, which culminate in diagnosis; and treatment, which can include watchful waiting, drug therapy, and surgical intervention. The author concludes that transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard treatment for bladder outflow obstruction as a result of BPH. Other, more minimally invasive techniques, still need to be compared with TURP through research studies to provide better data on durability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term benefits. Two final brief sections consider urethral stricture and bladder neck dysfunction as other potential causes of bladder outflow obstruction. The chapter features a few pages of text, summaries of information in charts and tables, and full-color photographs and illustrations. 4 figures. 6 tables.
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Evaluation of the Economic Costs and Patient-Related Consequences of Treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. BJU International. 97(5): 1007-1016. May 2006.
This article reports on a study undertaken to compare the costs and effectiveness of treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including watchful waiting, drug therapy, transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The study used a Markov model over a 20-year period and the societal perspective to evaluate the costs of treatment alternatives for BPH. The authors note that considering something the “best” treatment depends on the value that an individual and society place on costs and consequences. Alpha-blockers are less expensive than the alternatives and are effective at relieving patient-reported symptoms. Unfortunately, they have little effect on clinical outcomes and have the highest BPH progression rate. Other treatments have lower disease progression and better clinical outcomes, but are more expensive and entail more invasive treatments. TURP remains the gold standard for surgical procedures. The desire to avoid TURP or the 2 weeks of catheterization associated with TUMT might affect a patient’s treatment decision when symptoms are severe. More information about patient preferences and risk aversion is needed to inform treatment decision-making for BPH. 4 figures. 5 tables. 54 references.
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Medical Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. IN: Eardley, I., et al, eds. Drug Treatment in Urology. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2006. pp. 21-38.
This chapter on medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is from a book that offers a comprehensive summary of the role of pharmacology in urology. The authors note that medical therapy is now widely used as first-line treatment, except in cases of complicated bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) where surgery is more usually performed, or in very mild cases where watchful waiting is the norm. The authors briefly review the epidemiology and natural history of BPH, then discuss alpha-adrenergic antagonists, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), combination therapy, and phytotherapy-including saw palmetto. The authors conclude that while alpha-blockers have an almost immediate beneficial effect on symptoms and flow, they have no significant impact on the risk of disease progression. By contrast, 5ARIs, when used in men with larger prostates, are capable of both arresting disease progression and reducing the incidence of acute urinary retention (AUR) or the need for BPH-related surgery. The use of both an alpha-blocker and a 5ARI in combination seems appropriate in older men with larger glands and an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) score. 4 figures. 3 tables. 46 references.
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Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2006. 12 p.
This booklet reviews benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition of prostate enlargement that occurs as a man gets older. As the prostate enlarges, the layer of tissue surrounding it stops it from expanding, causing the gland to press against the urethra like a clamp on a garden hose, resulting in discomfort, difficulty in urination, and urine retention. The booklet reviews the occurrence of BPH, the symptoms it can cause, diagnostic tests used to confirm the condition, treatment options, and current research efforts in this area. Diagnostic tests discussed include digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood tests, rectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy, urine flow studies, and cystoscopy. Treatment issues discussed include drug treatment; minimally invasive treatments such as transurethral microwave procedure (TUMP), transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), water-induced thermotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound; and surgical treatments, including transurethral surgery, open surgery, laser surgery, postoperative recovery, sexual function after surgery, and postoperative complications such as urinary incontinence. The booklet provides a brief glossary of related terms and briefly describes the goals and activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 3 figures. 2 references.
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Treatment Choices. Linthicum, MD: American Urologic Association Foundation (AUA). 2005. 13 p.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous (benign) growth of the cells within the prostate gland in men. Enlargement frequently causes a gradual squeezing of the urethra where it runs through the prostate; this can cause difficulty in urinating or other urinary problems. This booklet explains BPH and the various treatment options that can be used to manage any problems caused by BPH. Topics include the anatomy of the prostate, the symptoms of BPH, when BPH is usually treated, and treatment choices, including watchful waiting (no treatment), drug therapy, minimally-invasive treatments and surgical treatments. Drugs that are used include alpha-blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, combination therapies, and herbal therapies, including saw palmetto. Minimally-invasive therapies discussed include catheterization, Holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP), interstitial laser coagulation, prostatic stenting, transurethral microwave thermotherapy of the prostate (TUMT), and transurethral radio frequency needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA). Surgical techniques used for BPH include transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP), and open prostatectomy. One chart summarizes the benefits and risks of each treatment option. The booklet includes a pre-test, glossary of terms, a chart of the American Urologic Association (AUA) BPH symptom score, and blank space for readers to record any questions or notes they may have. 1 figure. 2 tables.
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Enlarged Prostate. Linthicum, MD: American Urologic Association Foundation (AUA). 2005. 7 p.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous (benign) growth of the cells within the prostate gland in men. Enlargement frequently causes a gradual squeezing of the urethra where it runs through the prostate; this can cause difficulty in urinating or other urinary problems. Written for men in their 50s and older, this booklet explains BPH and the various treatment options that can be used to manage any problems caused by BPH. Topics include the anatomy of the prostate, the importance of having a prostate check-up, the symptoms of BPH, diagnostic strategies used to confirm BPH (including the digital rectal exam, or DRE), when BPH is usually treated, and the possible impact of BPH on lifestyle. While most symptoms of BPH can be treated by a general practitioner, patients who have more bothersome symptoms, recurring urinary infections, bladders stones, or a complete inability to urinate should be seen by a urologist. The booklet includes a pre-test, glossary of terms, a chart of the American Urologic Association (AUA) BPH symptom score, and blank space for readers to record any questions or notes they may have. 2 figures. 1 table.
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Is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia a Risk Factor for Chronic Renal Failure?. Journal of Urology. 173 (3): 691-696. March 2005.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic renal failure (CRF) are common medical conditions in older men. BPH can be a difficult syndrome to diagnose with certainty, often being described by conditions including lower urinary tract symptoms (including difficult urination), bladder outlet obstruction, and prostate enlargement. CRF (also called chronic kidney disease), can be diagnosed with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) tests. There is limited knowledge on the association between these two conditions, although chronic renal failure is a well described complication of obstructive BPH. This article reports on a review of the literature from 1966 to 2003 on the association between BPH and CRF. The authors note that most studies were referral based and did not represent the full spectrum of BPH in men. Differentiating acute and chronic renal failure, and acute and chronic urinary retention was often not done. Various combinations of chronic urinary retention with large residual urine volumes (greater than 300 ml), detrusor instability, and decreased bladder compliance were associated with CRF. Ureterovesicular junction obstruction from bladder remodeling in chronic urinary retention was the most commonly proposed mechanism for CRF. However, episodic acute urinary retention, urinary tract infections (UTI), and secondary hypertension (high blood pressure) may also have a role. Studies showed significant improvement in kidney function after prostate surgery, but the acuity of renal failure was generally not known. 59 references.
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Prostate Health: Early Detection, Informed Choices. Mayo Clinic Health Letter. p. 1-8. June 2005.
This patient education article on prostate health is provided as a supplement to the Mayo Clinic Health Letter. The author provides an overview of prostate disease including the benefits of early detection, the physiology of the normal prostate, diagnostic tests that may be used, types of inflammation and benign prostatic enlargement, and treatment options. Specific topics covered include the symptoms of prostate problems, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, bacterial prostatitis, chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, retrograde ejaculation, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), drug therapy for BPH, laser therapy for BPH, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), prostate cancer, and postoperative problems (urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction). One sidebar provides a chart comparing the different types of treatments available for early-stage prostate cancer. The article is illustrated with full-color line drawings of the problems and treatments discussed. 6 figures.
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Urologic Diseases in America Project: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Journal of Urology. 173 (4): 1256-1261. April 2005.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the most common benign neoplasm in American men, is a chronic condition that is associated with progressive lower urinary tract symptoms and affects nearly 75 percent of men by their 70s. In this review article, data from the Urologic Diseases in America BPH project are presented with an emphasis on health resource use trends between 1990 and 2000. Approximately 6.5 million of the 27 million white men who are 50 to 79 years old in the United States in 2000 were estimated to meet the criteria for discussing treatment. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with BPH include nocturia (getting up to urinate at night), incomplete emptying of the bladder, urinary hesitancy (difficulty beginning or ending the urinary stream), weak stream, frequency, and urgency. In 2000, approximately 4.5 million visits were made to physician offices for a primary diagnosis of BPH and almost 8 million visits were made with a primary or secondary diagnosis of BPH. In the same year, approximately 87,400 prostatectomies (removal of the prostate) for BPH were performed in inpatients in nonfederal hospitals in the U.S. While the number of outpatient visits for BPH increased consistently during the 1990s, there was a dramatic decrease in the use of transurethral prostatectomy (TURP), inpatient hospitalization, and length of hospital stay for this condition. These trends reflect the changing medical management for BPH, which is emphasizing the use of pharmacological agents and minimally invasive therapies. In 2000, the direct costs of BPH treatment were estimated to be $1.1 billion, exclusive of outpatient drug therapy. The authors conclude that, given the impact that BPH has on quality of life and health care costs, additional research into the risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic resource use, and effectiveness and cost benefit of therapies is necessary. 10 tables. 21 references.
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Effects of Transurethral Resection of Prostate on the Quality of Life of Patients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 198(3): 394-403. March 2004.
This article reports on a prospective study that investigated the effects of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on quality of life (QOL) and urinary symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study included 30 patients without significant comorbidities who were undergoing TURP. The QOL of patients who underwent TURP for BPH had significantly improved at 3 months after their operation. The magnitude and timing of this improvement may serve as a useful comparator in determining the optimal treatment of patients with BPH. 5 figures. 24 references.
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Enlarged Prostate. Mayo Clinic Health Letter. 22(1): 4-5. January 2004.
This newsletter article provides information for men with enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH) whose condition has not responded to the typical medications used. The author reviews other minimally invasive therapies and surgery. Generally, surgery is considered the most effective way to relieve BPH symptoms, but advances in laser treatment have meant faster recoveries and minimal side effects. The article describes transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), laser therapies, and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP). 2 figures.
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Quick Reference for Urologists. Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association. 2004. 37 p.
This pocket-sized booklet summarizes the American Urological Association's (AUA) most recently published guidelines on premature ejaculation, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), priapism, antibiotic prophylaxis, male infertility, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), microscopic hematuria, and bladder cancer. AUA guidelines provide the practitioner with clear principles and strategies for quality patient care and do not establish a fixed set of rules that preempt physician judgment. In each section, the booklet includes a definition, overview of patient evaluation, symptoms, diagnosis and diagnostic tests, patient management, medical treatment, and surgical techniques (where appropriate). Emerging technologies are described. A bulk of the material is presented in tabular format; most sections include a patient care algorithm. The introductory material notes that the booklet contains information about certain drug uses that are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); readers are encouraged to read prescribing information about indications, contraindications, precautions, and warnings. 7 figures. 10 tables.
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