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Esophageal spasm

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Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Digestive system
Digestive system
Throat anatomy
Throat anatomy

Alternative Names    Return to top

Diffuse esophageal spasm; Spasm of the esophagus

Definition    Return to top

Esophageal spasms are irregular contractions of the muscles in the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. These spasms do not move food effectively to the stomach.

Causes    Return to top

The cause of esophageal spasm is unknown. Very hot or very cold foods may trigger an episode in some people. It can be hard to tell a spasm from angina. The pain may spread to the neck, jaw, arms, or back.

Symptoms    Return to top

Exams and Tests    Return to top

An esophagogram shows irregular contractions of the esophagus. Esophageal manometry shows esophageal spasms.

Treatment    Return to top

Sublingual (beneath the tongue) nitroglycerin may be effective in an acute episode. Long-acting nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers are also used to treat esophageal spasms. Chronic cases are sometimes treated with low-dose antidepressants such as nortriptyline to reduce symptoms.

Rarely, severe cases require surgery.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

An esophageal spasm may be a condition that comes and goes (intermittent) or lasts for a long time (chronic). Medicine can help relieve symptoms.

Possible Complications    Return to top

The condition may not respond to treatment.

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have persistent esophageal spasm symptoms.

Prevention    Return to top

Avoid very hot or very cold foods if you are prone to esophageal spasms.

Update Date: 7/28/2006

Updated by: Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-TorresdaleHospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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