|
Link to this page
Your search term(s) "diverticul*" returned 121 results.
Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Display All
Case Closed?: Diverticulitis: Epidemiology and Fiber. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 40(3): S112-S116. August 2006.
A diverticulum is a sac-like protrusion on the wall of the colon; thus, diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula. Diverticulitis is a condition where these diverticula are inflamed. Approximately 10 to 25 percent of individuals with diverticular disease will develop diverticulitis. This article considers the interplay of dietary fiber and diverticulitis. Risk factors for symptomatic diverticula have been increasingly described in recent years with obesity and red meat intake being of particular importance, in addition to age. Insoluble fiber, but not soluble fiber, has been viewed as the principal component which has been deficient in the Western diet and increased risk for the development of diverticular disease and then diverticulitis. The author details how soluble fiber and its effect on the intestinal flora could have a significant influence on the development of diverticulitis. The author uses the increased frequency of right-sided diverticular disease in Asian countries compared with the west, as evidence for the role of different types of dietary fiber. 2 tables. 36 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic and Recurrent Diverticulitis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 40(3): S145-S149. August 2006.
Diverticulitis is a condition where diverticula (sac-like protrusions in the intestine) are inflamed. This article considers the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and recurrent diverticulitis. The authors note that the prevalence of diverticular disease has increased over the past century in Western countries. Although most patients with diverticula remain asymptomatic, among those who experience diverticulitis, one-third will have recurrent symptoms and a further third will have a subsequent episode. The authors also consider the indications for surgery after treatment of acute diverticulitis. They note that complications such as fistula to the urinary tract often require surgery; however, complicated disease such as an abscess or phlegmon can be managed conservatively and subsequent surgery is selective (depending on the recovery from the initial episode). Surgery can result in a greatly improved quality of life for patients with chronic diverticular disease (persistent pain in the absence of inflammation). Immunocompromised patients should have definitive surgical therapy early on in the course of the disease. The authors caution that, in right-sided disease and in younger patients, misdiagnosis is common. Patients with chronic diverticular disease will have relief of left lower quadrant pain with a sigmoid resection. In the elective setting, a laparoscopic approach to surgery is rapidly becoming preferred because of less morbidity and shorter hospital stays. The authors conclude that patients who develop complications of diverticulitis such as abscess, fistula, or stricture are generally operated on once the inflammatory process subsides or the abscess is drained by interventional radiology. 40 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Dietary Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. IN: Buchman, A., ed. Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Incorporated. 2006. pp 63-76.
This chapter about the dietary treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is from a comprehensive textbook that compiles available data, clinical experience, and research on the role of nutrition in the management of patients with disorders that affect the GI tract. The author defines medical nutrition therapy (MNT) as diet modification, nutrient supplementation, nutrition support, and nutrition counseling as modes of therapy for disease. The chapter focuses on dietary modifications that are used to treat hospitalized or ambulatory patients with diseases of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas. The chapter covers modifications in consistency, including the clear liquid diet, the soft low-residue diet, mechanically altered diets, and the liquid diet following oral surgery; a diet for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD); a diet following gastrectomy, including dietary modifications for dumping syndrome, and those for gastric bypass or gastric stapling for obesity; a diet for lactose intolerance or hypolactasia; a gluten-restricted diet for celiac disease; MNT for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, and the role of foods or dietary patterns in the etiology of IBD; a diet for ileostomy and colostomy; a diet for short bowel syndrome; a diet for acute and chronic pancreatitis; a diet to control diarrhea; a diet for constipation and diverticulosis; and sodium and protein restricted diets for liver disease, including concerns about ascites and sodium intake, and the use of protein restriction and branched chain amino acid formulas in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy. The author concludes by cautioning that these diets should be used with moderation, particularly when they do not provide all nutrients. They may exacerbate existing nutrition problems and malabsorption, altered metabolism, and increased secretory losses of nutrients. 4 tables. 95 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Older Adults. Practical Gastroenterology. 30(3): 15-42. March 2006.
This article discusses etiologic factors, clinical presentations, and management options of upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in older adults (older than 60 years). The authors caution that GI bleeding in older adults is associated with more morbidity and mortality than in the young, in part attributable to increased co-morbid illnesses, and greater medication use (including of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The article covers epidemiology, upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), symptoms of UGIB, the evaluation and management of patients with GI bleeding (including the use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy), the endoscopic control of UGIB, clinical course and expected outcome, lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB), diverticulosis, vascular ectasias (angiodysplasias or arteriovenous malformations), colitis (ischemic, infectious, and inflammatory), and neoplasms as a cause of bleeding. A final section discusses occult or obscure GI bleeding and how to recognize it. Patient care algorithms for both upper and lower GI bleeding are provided. 2 figures. 7 tables. 90 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Gastrointestinal Bleeding. IN: Nilsson, K.R.; Piccini, J.P., eds. Osler Medical Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 2006. pp. 428-441.
This chapter on gastrointestinal bleeding is from a handbook that provides the essentials of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the latest in evidence-based medicine, for residents working bedside, in-patient care. The chapter begins with a presentation of essential Fast Facts and concludes with Pearls and Pitfalls useful to the practicing internist. The body of the chapter is divided into sections: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Specific topics covered in this chapter include the management of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage; how to assess the hemodynamic stability of the patient; the classification of upper and lower GI bleeding; the most common causes of upper GI bleeding (UGIB), which include peptic ulcer disease and esophageal varices; mortality from variceal and nonvariceal GI bleeding; the need for intensive care management of patients with special situations, including orthostasis, hemodynamic instability, or active bleeding; the most common causes of lower GI bleeding (LGIB), which include diverticulosis and angiodysplasia; and the need for patient follow-up after any episode of LGIB. The chapter concludes with a list of references, each labeled with a 'strength of evidence' grade to help readers determine the type of research available in that reference source. 3 figures. 5 tables. 45 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Neurology, Urodynamics, and Urogynecology. IN: Kellogg Parsons, J.; James Wright, E., eds. Brady Urology Manual. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 63-70.
This chapter about neurourology, urodynamics, and urogynecology is from a reference handbook that offers a comprehensive overview of urology, presented in outline and bulleted formats for ease of access in the busy health care world of hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics. The authors remind readers that voiding is the culmination of a complex, exquisitely coordinated neuromuscular system under voluntary control but subsuming numerous visceral reflex arcs acting independently of volitional awareness or control. They discuss voiding function, the neuropharmacology of voiding, pathological conditions affecting lower urinary tract function, patterns of neurogenic dysfunction, indications for urodynamic testing, the storage/filling phase of urination, the emptying phase of urination, female urinary incontinence, vesicovaginal fistula, and urethral diverticulum. Urodynamic testing provides manometric, neuromuscular, and perceptual information to inform the practitioner diagnosing a patient with voiding dysfunction. Goals of therapy for neurogenic voiding dysfunction include preservation of kidney function, adequate urinary continence, and maximum independence or ease of care. The chapter concludes with a list of references for additional reading. 14 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
PKD Patient's Manual: Understanding and Living with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Kansas City, MO: Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation. 2006. 33 p.
This booklet provides information about autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to those who have the disease, those who are at risk due to an affected family member, and people who care about someone who has been diagnosed with ADPKD. The primary manifestation of ADPKD is cysts in the kidney, cysts as well as other abnormalities can occur in other areas of the body. Written in a question-and-answer format, this booklet covers the epidemiology of ADPKD, symptoms, genetics and inheritance, the ADPKD genes, screening tests for ADPKD, kidney anatomy and function, cysts and their impact on the kidney, high blood pressure (hypertension), weight loss, exercise, sodium, potassium, tobacco use, acute and chronic pain in ADPKD, blood in the urine, urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, liver cysts, dialysis and transplantation, mitral valve prolapse, intracranial aneurysms, hernias, diverticula, pregnancy, diet therapy, fluids, caffeine, children with ADPKD, symptoms of kidney failure, and common tests that are done to diagnose and monitor cystic disease. The booklet concludes with a list of resource organizations through which readers can get more information. 12 figures. 1 table. 2 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Dietary Fiber. IN: Buchman, A., ed. Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Incorporated. 2006. pp 123-138.
This chapter about prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fiber is from a comprehensive textbook that compiles available data, clinical experience, and research on the role of nutrition in the management of patients with disorders that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The author emphasizes that the intestinal microflora is essential in maintaining health and that understanding the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fiber in the physiology of the GI tract is vital. Prebiotics are defined as food substances that are not absorbed in the small intestine, so they reach the large intestine. The section on prebiotics covers prebiotic substances used and available, the effect of prebiotics on intestinal flora, and clinical use. Probiotics are live microbial organisms obtained from humans and used in supplements. The section on probiotics discusses the organisms that are used, the physiologic effects resulting in benefit to the host, the immune process, barrier protection, the importance of fermentation, and clinical use for infections, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, pouchitis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Dietary fiber is defined as nonstarch polysaccharide in plant food that is poorly digested by human enzymes. The section on dietary fiber covers the chemical and physical properties of the fiber component of plant foods, mechanisms resulting in benefit, the effect on GI function, fermentation and short-chain fatty acids, dietary fiber intake and recommendations, the fiber contents of foods, and clinical use including the prevention of coronary heart disease and lipid control, diabetes mellitus, constipation and bowel movement regulation, diverticular disease, IBS, colon neoplasia, and IBD. The author concludes that dietary fiber is probably the best prebiotic. The intestinal microecology depends on a matrix within the colon, and the matrix depends on food to maintain a health bacterial flora. 153 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Probiotics and Their Use in Diverticulitis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 40(3): S160-S162. August 2006.
This article considers the use of probiotics in diverticulitis. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when ingested, affect the intestinal microbial flora and benefit the health of the host. The author outlines the theoretical framework for using probiotics to prevent or treat diverticular disease. Diverticulitis is a condition where the diverticula (sac-like protrusions on the wall of the colon) are inflamed. The author also summarizes two preliminary studies that explored the use of probiotics for maintenance of remission of uncomplicated diverticular disease. The results of the studies suggest that probiotics alone or in combination with mesalamine may be safe and useful in the prevention of recurrence of symptomatic diverticular disease. 10 references.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Q & A on PKD [Polycystic Kidney Disease]. Kansas City, MO: Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation. 2006. 47 p.
This patient education packet covers a wide variety of information about polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The first article brings readers up-to-date on autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) genes and proteins; the second section reviews strategies that can be used to treat hypertension and end-organ damage in patients with ADPKD. The remainder of the fact sheet answers questions that patients may have in the areas of diagnosis and genetics, extra-renal manifestations, renal manifestations, pregnancy and birth control, menopause, kidney failure, dialysis and transplantation, diet and drug therapy, surgery, the role of exercise, and pain management. Specific topics covered include multicystic kidneys, multicystic versus polycystic kidney, natural course of the disease in families, spontaneous onset of ADPKD, diagnostic criteria, fetal testing for PKD, medullary sponge kidney, symptom-free PKD, race and ethnic background as risk factors, screening family members for PKD, pancreatic cysts, diverticulosis and diverticulitis in people with PKD, malabsorption problems, polycystic liver disease, hernia and polycystic kidney, neurologic involvement, cerebral aneurysms in people with PKD, cardiovascular problems associated with PKD, pregnancy, drug therapy, blood pressure considerations, kidney infections, the use of antibiotics, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, estrogen replacement therapy, renal function tests, dialysis therapy, peritoneal dialysis, vascular access, recurrence of PKD in a newly-transplanted kidney, the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on PKD, nutrition, protein intake, soy protein versus animal protein, flax seed, phosphorus, sodium restriction, vitamins, chemotherapy, exercise, medical nutrition therapy (MNT), the relationship between primary care physicians and nephrologists, medications that can be damaging to the kidneys, diagnostic tests used to monitor PKD, and pain management. The fact sheet includes many brief case-report type questions to help readers with specific issues.
Full Record Printer Friendly Version
Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Display All
Start a new search.
|
