Polyunsaturated fatty acids known as n-3 fatty acids are essential dietary nutrients for humans, and are known to be important to reducing the risk of certain diseases, particularly those related to neural system, cardiovascular system and immune system. Among the different n-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is present in particularly high amounts in the brain and retina, and is accumulated in large amounts in these organs during the last trimester of fetal development and first few months after birth. The n-3 fatty acids are present in the diet as linolenic acid which is found in vegetable and seed oils, and as DHA which is only found in animal tissue fats, with fatty fish being the richest dietary source. Humans are able to convert linolenic acid to DHA, but the conversion is believed to be slow in human and possibly inadequate to support the needs for DHA for the developing brain. Information from our work and those of others has suggested that DHA is important during pregnancy, however specific evidence is lacking to show that the DHA status of pregnant women in low, or that improvement in the DHA status of Canadian women during pregnancy will have benefit to early infant an child development. There is no evidence that infants of vegans and vegetarians, or women who do not eat DHA are at risk for developmental delays. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a dietary supplement of DHA during pregnancy has any effect on infant birth weight, or indices of infant growth, visual, mental and motor skill development.
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Primary outcome is measuring of infant CNS maturity at 2 months of age, and mental developmental indices at 9 months. [ Time Frame: 9 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Length of gestation and infant birth weight, infant growth (weight, length and head circumference) at 1,2 6,9,12,14,and 18 months
Language development at 14 and 16 months
Cognitive, mental and motor development at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
| Estimated Enrollment: |
400 |
| Study Start Date: |
May 2004 |
| Estimated Study Completion Date: |
December 2010 |
| Estimated Primary Completion Date: |
December 2010 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
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1
The dietary supplement is 400 mg/day of the omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid . The docosahexaenoic acid is provided in triglycerides from Martek Biosciences, Maryland. The supplement is a blend of soybean and canola oil, blended to resemble the usual fat composition of the diet. Both the supplement and placebo provide a total of about 10 calories per day to the diet.
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Dietary Supplement: omega 3 fatty acids
The supplements are taken orally with a meal, each day. The amount of the omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid is 400 mg/day; taken in two 500 mg capsules each providing 200 mg docosahexaenoic acid. The placebo is two 500 mg capsules soybean/canola oil. Both the supplement and placebo are a total of 1 gm/day (2x500 mg) and about 10 calories per day.
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2
Dietary supplement is vegetable oil, the placebo.
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Dietary Supplement: vegetable oil
The supplement is a dietary supplement of vegetable oil as a placebo
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This is a randomized, blinded prospective study with 2 groups: placebo and group supplemented with DHA. Women are randomized at 16 weeks gestation without knowledge of their dietary fatty acid intake. Only healthy women expecting to deliver a single infant with no known or anticipated maternal or fetal complications are enrolled. Maternal venous blood is collected at 16 and 36 weeks of gestation and used to assess the maternal DHA status and effect of DHA supplementation. Dietary information is collected at 16 and 36 weeks of gestation to determine usual fatty acid intakes. Following delivery, fetal cord blood is collected to assess transfer of DHA from mother to fetus. The mother -infant pairs are followed for 18 months. Measures include visual acuity, language, motor and mental development, and growth and dietary intakes.
Purpose
