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There are both similarities and some differences across health
behaviors in the types of barriers endorsed most frequently
or perceived as most problematic. For example, there is reasonable
congruence between the types of barriers endorsed most often
for mammography and Pap smear screening: misinformation,
embarrassment/discomfort, and inconvenience (Glasgow
et al., 2000
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Glasgow, R. E., Whitlock, E. P., Valanis, B. G., & Vogt,
T. M. (2000). Barriers to mammography and Pap smear screening
among women who recently had neither, one or both types of
screening. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 223-228.;
Champion
et al., 2007
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Champion, V., Skinner, C. S., Hui, S., Monahan, P., Juliar,
B., Daggy, J. et al. (2007). The effect of telephone versus
print tailoring for mammography adherence. Patient Education
and Counseling, 65, 416-423.). For lifestyle behaviors
such as healthy eating, exercising regularly, and
smoking cessation, key barriers appear to be social-environmental-peer
pressure, negative emotions or mood, stress, and habitual
patterns associated with undesired behaviors (Glasgow
et al., 2001
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Glasgow, R. E., Gillette, C., & Toobert, D. (2001). Psychosocial
barriers to diabetes self-management and quality of life.
Diabetes Spectrum, 14, 33-41.; McCauley
et al., 1998
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McCauley, E. & Mihalko, S. L. (1998). Measuring exercise-related
self-efficacy. In J.L.Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and
exercise psychology measurement (Morgantown, WV: Fitness
Information Technology).; Velicer
et al., 1990
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Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Rossi, J. S., & Prochaska,
J. O. (1990). Relapse situations and self-efficacy. Addictive
Behaviors, 15, 217-283.). Similarly, commonly
endorsed barriers to medication adherence include
cost, side effects, and forgetting (Chao
et al., 2005
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Chao, J., Nau, D. P., Aikens, J. E., & Taylor, S. D. (2005).
The mediating role of health beliefs in the relationship between
depressive symptoms and medical adherence in persons with
diabetes. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy,
1, 508-525.).
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