| Abstract: |
This article discusses a condition known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In women who have PCOS, the ova mature in the ovary but are not released. This failure to ovulate results in decreased frequency of menstrual periods and causes cysts to develop in the ovaries. PCOS also causes elevated blood levels of male sex hormones such as testosterone. This condition is the most common cause of infertility among women in the United States. Type 2 diabetes and PCOS have insulin resistance as a common feature. Most women who have PCOS have insulin resistance, and women who have PCOS are at risk for type 2 diabetes and other disorders such as high blood pressure, abnormal lipids, and heart disease. Although not all women who have insulin resistance will develop type 2 diabetes, they may have elevated insulin levels in the blood. This condition, known as hyperinsulinemia, appears to have a role in the development of PCOS and may impede ovulation and contribute to infertility. Treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity can also be used for PCOS. The first line of treatment for all three problems is diet and exercise. Drugs that improve sensitivity to insulin, such as metformin, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone, may be needed. The article recommends that women who have irregular menstrual periods or have excess hair growth inform their doctor because of the interrelated nature of type 2 diabetes, infertility, excess hair growth, high blood pressure, and abnormal lipids. |