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Your search term(s) "Bleeding Disorders" returned 36 results.

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Infectious and Inflammatory Causes of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding. In: Chung, P. and Kim, K.E. Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Diagnosis and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 2003. p. 151-161.

Most patients who present to their physician with a sudden onset of diarrhea have a benign, self-limited illness. Bloody diarrhea, on the other hand, requires a thoughtful and thorough evaluation. This chapter on infectious and inflammatory causes of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is from a textbook in which leading experts in the fields of gastroenterology, surgery, and radiology comprehensively review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and treatment of acute bleeding disorders of the GI tract. The authors of this chapter discuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. The authors note that acute bleeding from either infectious colitis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can present in a similar manner. The presence of an infectious agent should not preclude the workup for IBD if the patient's history supports this as an additional diagnosis. A timely diagnosis is important for proper treatment strategies. Supportive care and early surgical consultation are important in severe cases. A patient care algorithm is included. 1 figure. 3 tables. 16 references.

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Medical Therapy for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis. In: Chung, P. and Kim, K.E. Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Diagnosis and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 2003. p. 57-74.

Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) develop a spectrum of gastroduodenal lesions that may result in gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. It has been assumed that mucosal damage in these critically ill patients is related to physiologic stress, hence the terms stress ulcers and stress-related GI hemorrhage. This chapter on medical therapy for stress ulcer prophylaxis is from a textbook in which leading experts in the fields of gastroenterology, surgery, and radiology comprehensively review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and treatment of acute bleeding disorders of the GI tract. The author of this chapter discusses routine prophylaxis approaches, identifying patients at high risk for developing stress-related bleeding, the use of medical prophylaxis for stress-related GI hemorrhage, the safety of said medical prophylaxis, cost considerations, and patient selection issues for medical therapy for stress ulcer prophylaxis. 1 figure. 2 tables. 54 references.

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Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID)-Induced Gastropathy. In: Chung, P. and Kim, K.E. Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Diagnosis and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 2003. p. 75-96.

The term NSAID gastropathy refers to the spectrum of side effects in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract suffered by patients using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This chapter on NSAID- induced gastropathy is from a textbook in which leading experts in the fields of gastroenterology, surgery, and radiology comprehensively review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and treatment of acute bleeding disorders of the GI tract. The author of this chapter notes that the toxicity of NSAIDs ranges from commonly experienced nuisance symptoms such as dyspepsia to much more serious events such as symptomatic and complicated ulcers. The author discusses the pathogenesis of NSAID toxicity, clinical presentation, the risks of GI complications with NSAIDs, prevention and treatment of dyspepsia associated with NSAID use, treatment of ulcers in NSAID users, and the prevention of NSAID-associated gastrointestinal ulcers and complications. 3 figures. 3 tables. 52 references.

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Nonvariceal Esophageal Bleeding. In: Chung, P. and Kim, K.E. Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Diagnosis and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 2003. p. 11-34.

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding accounts for over 300,000 hospitalizations per year and has high morbidity and mortality in those who go undiagnosed. This chapter on nonvariceal esophageal bleeding is from a textbook in which leading experts in the fields of gastroenterology, surgery, and radiology comprehensively review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and treatment of acute bleeding disorders of the GI tract. The authors of this chapter note that the esophagus is an important site of acute upper GI bleeding. They discuss Mallory-Weiss lesions, reflux esophagitis, esophageal infections, malignant neoplasm (esophageal cancer), and miscellaneous conditions. The differential diagnosis of nonvariceal esophageal bleeding is large, and the condition often requires endoscopy for accurate diagnosis. In general, the more common causes of acute esophageal hemorrhage are self-limited or respond to conservative management. Massive, acute bleeding, however, does occur. Prompt diagnosis is important, as the treatments of the various disorders are quite diverse and include medical, endoscopic, and surgical management. 5 figures. 121 references.

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Oral Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease. In: Textbook of Gastroenterology. 4th ed. [2-volume set]. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2003. p. 1009-1016.

Many gastrointestinal disease states are associated with oral findings. This chapter briefly addresses the disorders in which oropharyngeal pathology is most common. These include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), polyposis syndromes, bleeding disorders, immunodeficiency states, collagen vascular disease, nutritional deficiencies and malabsorption, inflammatory bowel states, and miscellaneous disorders. The chapter is from a lengthy, two-volume textbook that integrates the various demands of science, technology, expanding information, good judgment, and common sense into the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal patients. 7 figures 5 tables. 55 references.

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Hepatitis C in Adults and Adolescents with Hemophilia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b and Ribavirin. Hepatology. 36(4 Part 1): 967-972. October 2002.

Adolescents and adults with inherited disorders of coagulation have one of the highest prevalence rates of hepatitis C among known risk groups. Few data are available on the use of combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin in this population. This article reports on a study in which patients 13 years of age and older (n = 113) who were positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and negative for HIV were randomized to receive interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin or interferon alfa-2b alone for 48 weeks, with 24 weeks of posttreatment follow up. Patients started on interferon alone who remained positive for HCV RNA at week 12 crossed over to treatment with interferon plus ribavirin. Of the 113 patients, 37 were younger than 18 years. At the end of treatment, 18 of 56 patients (32 percent) treated with interferon plus ribavirin and 6 of 57 patients (11 percent) treated with interferon alone were negative for HCV RNA. Sustained virologic response in the combination arm was 29 percent (16 of 56) compared with 7 percent (4 of 57) for those started on interferon alone. Among adolescents younger than 18 years who were treated with combination therapy, 10 of 17 (59 percent) had sustained response compared with 6 of 39 (15 percent) of adult patients on the same regimen. The authors conclude that in this trial of therapy for HCV in patients with inherited bleeding disorders, sustained virologic response rate was significantly improved for patients treated with interferon and ribavirin compared with those started on interferon alone. Adolescents treated with combination therapy had a significantly higher sustained response than adults did on the same regimen. 1 figure. 5 tables. 25 references.

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