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Volume 93(23);  November 12, 1996
Colloquium Papers
Science, technology, and economic growth
Ariel Pakes and Kenneth L. Sokoloff
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12655–12657.
PMCID: PMC34118
Trends and patterns in research and development expenditures in the United States
Adam B. Jaffe
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12658–12663.
PMCID: PMC34119
Measuring science: An exploration
James Adams and Zvi Griliches
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12664–12670.
PMCID: PMC34120
Flows of knowledge from universities and federal laboratories: Modeling the flow of patent citations over time and across institutional and geographic boundaries
Adam B. Jaffe and Manuel Trajtenberg
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12671–12677.
PMCID: PMC34121
The future of the national laboratories
Linda R. Cohen and Roger G. Noll
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12678–12685.
PMCID: PMC34122
Long-term change in the organization of inventive activity
Naomi R. Lamoreaux and Kenneth L. Sokoloff
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12686–12692.
PMCID: PMC34123
National policies for technical change: Where are the increasing returns to economic research?
Keith Pavitt
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12693–12700.
PMCID: PMC34124
Are the returns to technological change in health care declining?
Mark McClellan
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12701–12708.
PMCID: PMC34125
Star scientists and institutional transformation: Patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology industry
Lynne G. Zucker and Michael R. Darby
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12709–12716.
PMCID: PMC34126
Evaluating the federal role in financing health-related research
Alan M. Garber and Paul M. Romer
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12717–12724.
PMCID: PMC34127
Public–private interaction in pharmaceutical research
Iain Cockburn and Rebecca Henderson
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12725–12730.
PMCID: PMC34128
Environmental change and hedonic cost functions for automobiles
Steven Berry, Samuel Kortum, and Ariel Pakes
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12731–12738.
PMCID: PMC34129
Sematech: Purpose and Performance
Douglas A. Irwin and Peter J. Klenow
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12739–12742.
PMCID: PMC34130
The challenge of contracting for technological information
Richard Zeckhauser
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12743–12748.
PMCID: PMC34131
An economic analysis of unilateral refusals to license intellectual property
Richard J. Gilbert and Carl Shapiro
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12749–12755.
PMCID: PMC34132
Commentary
Virus-lymphoid cell interactions
Michael B. A. Oldstone
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12756–12758.
PMCID: PMC34133
Physical Sciences
Chemistry
Conformational influences of glycosylation of a peptide: A possible model for the effect of glycosylation on the rate of protein folding
David H. Live, R. Ajay Kumar, Xenia Beebe, and Samuel J. Danishefsky
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12759–12761.
PMCID: PMC23992
Mathematics
Prime factors
Liming Ge
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12762–12763.
PMCID: PMC23993
Biological Sciences
Agricultural Sciences
Fipronil insecticide: Novel photochemical desulfinylation with retention of neurotoxicity
Dominik Hainzl and John E. Casida
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12764–12767.
PMCID: PMC23994
Applied Biological Sciences
Metabolic pathway engineering in cotton: Biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate in fiber cells
Maliyakal E. John and Greg Keller
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12768–12773.
PMCID: PMC23995
Biochemistry
Novel dimeric interface and electrostatic recognition in bacterial Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase
Yves Bourne, Susan M. Redford, Howard M. Steinman, James R. Lepock, John A. Tainer, and Elizabeth D. Getzoff
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12774–12779.
PMCID: PMC23996
Functional domains for assembly of histones H3 and H4 into the chromatin of Xenopus embryos
Lita Freeman, Hitoshi Kurumizaka, and Alan P. Wolffe
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12780–12785.
PMCID: PMC23997
Glutamate transport in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is mediated by a novel binding protein-dependent secondary transport system
Mariken H. J. Jacobs, Tiemen van der Heide, Arnold J. M. Driessen, and Wil N. Konings
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12786–12790.
PMCID: PMC23998
Mössbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of chloroperoxidase following mechanism-based inactivation with allylbenzene
Peter G. Debrunner, Annette F. Dexter, Charles E. Schulz, Yao-Min Xia, and Lowell P. Hager
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12791–12798.
PMCID: PMC23999
Superoxide-mediated clastogenesis and anticlastogenic effects of exogenous superoxide dismutase
Ingrid Emerit, Frédéric Garban, Jany Vassy, Arlette Levy, Paulo Filipe, and Joao Freitas
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12799–12804.
PMCID: PMC24000
Fluorescence correlation analysis of probe diffusion simplifies quantitative pathogen detection by PCR
Nils G. Walter, Petra Schwille, and Manfred Eigen
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12805–12810.
PMCID: PMC24001
Detection of HIV-1 RNA by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Frank Oehlenschläger, Petra Schwille, and Manfred Eigen
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12811–12816.
PMCID: PMC24002
A three-hybrid system for detecting small ligand–protein receptor interactions
Edward J. Licitra and Jun O. Liu
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12817–12821.
PMCID: PMC24003
The carboxyl terminus of the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase is required for holoenzyme complex formation
Anthony J. Berdis, Patrice Soumillion, and Stephen J. Benkovic
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12822–12827.
PMCID: PMC24004
A common mechanism for the biosynthesis of methoxy and cyclopropyl mycolic acids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ying Yuan and Clifton E. Barry, III
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12828–12833.
PMCID: PMC24005
A zinc finger directory for high-affinity DNA recognition
Andrew C. Jamieson, Hongming Wang, and Sung-Hou Kim
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12834–12839.
PMCID: PMC24006
Repair of thalassemic human β-globin mRNA in mammalian cells by antisense oligonucleotides
Halina Sierakowska, Maria J. Sambade, Sudhir Agrawal, and Ryszard Kole
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12840–12844.
PMCID: PMC24007
Transcriptional repression by YY1 is mediated by interaction with a mammalian homolog of the yeast global regulator RPD3
Wen-Ming Yang, Carla Inouye, Yingying Zeng, David Bearss, and Edward Seto
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12845–12850.
PMCID: PMC24008
A curved RNA helix incorporating an internal loop with G·A and A·A non-Watson–Crick base pairing
Katrien J. Baeyens, Hendrik L. De Bondt, Arthur Pardi, and Stephen R. Holbrook
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12851–12855.
PMCID: PMC24009
Isolation of a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein for ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) 1 and ARF3 that contains a Sec7-like domain
Naoko Morinaga, Su-Chen Tsai, Joel Moss, and Martha Vaughan
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12856–12860.
PMCID: PMC24010
Induction of cyclin D1 by simian virus 40 small tumor antigen
Genichi Watanabe, Alan Howe, Richard J. Lee, Chris Albanese, I-Wei Shu, Anthony N. Karnezis, Leonard Zon, John Kyriakis, Kathleen Rundell, and Richard G. Pestell
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12861–12866.
PMCID: PMC24011
Redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis
Kazuo Emoto, Toshihide Kobayashi, Akiko Yamaji, Hiroyuki Aizawa, Ichiro Yahara, Keizo Inoue, and Masato Umeda
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12867–12872.
PMCID: PMC24012
Studies using double mutants of the conformational transitions in influenza hemagglutinin required for its membrane fusion activity
David A. Steinhauer, Javier Martín, Yi Pu Lin, Stephen A. Wharton, Michael B. A. Oldstone, John J. Skehel, and Don C. Wiley
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12873–12878.
PMCID: PMC24013
The E5 gene product of rhesus papillomavirus is an activator of endogenous Ras and phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase in NIH 3T3 cells
Jyotsna Ghai, Ronald S. Ostrow, Jakub Tolar, Ronald C. McGlennen, Todd D. Lemke, Diane Tobolt, Zhanjiang Liu, and Anthony J. Faras
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12879–12884.
PMCID: PMC24014
RGS-r, a retinal specific RGS protein, binds an intermediate conformation of transducin and enhances recycling
Ching-Kang Chen, Thomas Wieland, and Melvin I. Simon
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12885–12889.
PMCID: PMC24015
Development of pilus organelle subassemblies in vitro depends on chaperone uncapping of a beta zipper
Esther Bullitt, C. Hal Jones, Robert Striker, Gabriel Soto, Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson, Jerome Pinkner, Mary Jo Wick, Lee Makowski, and Scott J. Hultgren
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12890–12895.
PMCID: PMC24016
Reconstitution of human replication factor C from its five subunits in baculovirus-infected insect cells
Jinsong Cai, Frank Uhlmann, Emma Gibbs, Hernan Flores-Rozas, Chee-Gun Lee, Barbara Phillips, Jeff Finkelstein, Nina Yao, Michael O’Donnell, and Jerard Hurwitz
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12896–12901.
PMCID: PMC24017
Direct physical interaction between DnaG primase and DnaB helicase of Escherichia coli is necessary for optimal synthesis of primer RNA
Ya-Bin Lu, Pillarisetty V. A. L. Ratnakar, Bidyut K. Mohanty, and Deepak Bastia
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12902–12907.
PMCID: PMC24018
Independent regulation of JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by metabolic oxidative stress in the liver
Kim G. Mendelson, Liang-Ru Contois, Sergei G. Tevosian, Roger J. Davis, and K. Eric Paulson
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12908–12913.
PMCID: PMC24019
A novel RNA polymerase I-dependent RNase activity that shortens nascent transcripts from the 3′ end
Herbert Tschochner
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12914–12919.
PMCID: PMC24020
Complementation of methylation deficiency in embryonic stem cells by a DNA methyltransferase minigene
Kerry Lee Tucker, Dale Talbot, Min Ae Lee, Heinrich Leonhardt, and Rudolf Jaenisch
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12920–12925.
PMCID: PMC24021
Development of an in vitro mRNA decay system for Escherichia coli: Poly(A) polymerase I is necessary to trigger degradation
Caroline A. Ingle and Sidney R. Kushner
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12926–12931.
PMCID: PMC24022
Biophysics
NMR of laser-polarized xenon in human blood
A. Bifone, Y.-Q. Song, R. Seydoux, R. E. Taylor, B. M. Goodson, T. Pietrass, T. F. Budinger, G. Navon, and A. Pines
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12932–12936.
PMCID: PMC24023
Torsional rigidity of single actin filaments and actin–actin bond breaking force under torsion measured directly by in vitro micromanipulation
Yuri Tsuda, Hironori Yasutake, Akihiko Ishijima, and Toshio Yanagida
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12937–12942.
PMCID: PMC24024
Chiral molecular self-assembly of phospholipid tubules: A circular dichroism study
Mark S. Spector, Kalpathy R. K. Easwaran, Ghanta Jyothi, Jonathan V. Selinger, Alok Singh, and Joel M. Schnur
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12943–12946.
PMCID: PMC24025
Efficiency of DNA replication in the polymerase chain reaction
Gustavo Stolovitzky and Guillermo Cecchi
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12947–12952.
PMCID: PMC24026
Systematic derivation of partition functions for ligand binding to two-dimensional lattices
Luyu Wang and Enrico Di Cera
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12953–12958.
PMCID: PMC24027
Energy transfer to a proton-transfer fluorescence probe: Tryptophan to a flavonol in human serum albumin
Alexander Sytnik and Igor Litvinyuk
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12959–12963.
PMCID: PMC24028
Rapid chemical kinetic techniques for investigations of neurotransmitter receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
Li Niu, Raymond W. Vazquez, Georg Nagel, Thomas Friedrich, Ernst Bamberg, Robert E. Oswald, and George P. Hess
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12964–12968.
PMCID: PMC24029
Cell Biology
An essential role for p300/CBP in the cellular response to hypoxia
Zoltàn Arany, L. Eric Huang, Richard Eckner, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Chian Jiang, Mark A. Goldberg, H. Franklin Bunn, and David M. Livingston
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12969–12973.
PMCID: PMC24030
Essential role of β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 in cardiac development and function
Mohamed Jaber, Walter J. Koch, Howard Rockman, Bradley Smith, Richard A. Bond, Kathleen K. Sulik, John Ross, Jr., Robert J. Lefkowitz, Marc G. Caron, and Bruno Giros
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12974–12979.
PMCID: PMC24031
The effect of overexpression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPMEG on cell growth and on colony formation in soft agar in COS-7 cells
Minxiang Gu, Kun Meng, and Philip W. Majerus
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12980–12985.
PMCID: PMC24032
Expression in yeast of binding regions of karyopherins α and β inhibits nuclear import and cell growth
Cordula Enenkel, Norbert Schülke, and Günter Blobel
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12986–12991.
PMCID: PMC24033
Regulation of transforming growth factor β- and activin-induced transcription by mammalian Mad proteins
Yan Chen, Jean-Jacques Lebrun, and Wylie Vale
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12992–12997.
PMCID: PMC24034
Colocalization of cell division proteins FtsZ and FtsA to cytoskeletal structures in living Escherichia coli cells by using green fluorescent protein
Xiaolan Ma, David W. Ehrhardt, and William Margolin
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 12998–13003.
PMCID: PMC24035
Activation of mouse sperm T-type Ca2+ channels by adhesion to the egg zona pellucida
Christophe Arnoult, Richard A. Cardullo, Jose R. Lemos, and Harvey M. Florman
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13004–13009.
PMCID: PMC24036
Developmental Biology
Production of identical sextuplet mice by transferring metaphase nuclei from four-cell embryos
O. Y. Kwon and T. Kono
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13010–13013.
PMCID: PMC24037
Inhibition of granulocytic differentiation by mNotch1
Laurie A. Milner, Anna Bigas, Raphael Kopan, Carolyn Brashem-Stein, Irwin D. Bernstein, and David I. K. Martin
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13014–13019.
PMCID: PMC24038
Evolution
Pinus banksiana has at least seven expressed alcohol dehydrogenase genes in two linked groups
Daniel J. Perry and Glenn R. Furnier
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13020–13023.
PMCID: PMC24039
Organization of the Hox gene cluster in the grasshopper, Schistocerca gregaria
David E. K. Ferrier and Michael Akam
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13024–13029.
PMCID: PMC24040
Ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus
Luis L. Rodríguez, Walter M. Fitch, and Stuart T. Nichol
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13030–13035.
PMCID: PMC24041
Evolutionary analyses of hedgehog and Hoxd-10 genes in fish species closely related to the zebrafish
Rafael Zardoya, Ehab Abouheif, and Axel Meyer
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13036–13041.
PMCID: PMC24042
Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees
Bradley Efron, Elizabeth Halloran, and Susan Holmes
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13429.
PMCID: PMC24110
Genetics
A CDKN2-like polymorphism in Xiphophorus LG V is associated with UV-B-induced melanoma formation in platyfish–swordtail hybrids
Rodney S. Nairn, Steven Kazianis, Brenda B. McEntire, Luis Della Coletta, Ronald B. Walter, and Donald C. Morizot
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13042–13047.
PMCID: PMC24043
An in vivo pathway for disulfide bond isomerization in Escherichia coli
Arne Rietsch, Dominique Belin, Nancy Martin, and Jonathan Beckwith
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13048–13053.
PMCID: PMC24044
Double strand breaks at the HIS2 recombination hot spot in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Steven A. Bullard, Sangkyu Kim, Anne M. Galbraith, and Robert E. Malone
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13054–13059.
PMCID: PMC24045
A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees
L. Alison McInnes, Michael A. Escamilla, Susan K. Service, Victor I. Reus, Pedro Leon, Sandra Silva, Eugenia Rojas, Mitzi Spesny, Siamak Baharloo, Kathleen Blankenship, Amy Peterson, David Tyler, Norito Shimayoshi, Christa Tobey, Steven Batki, Sophia Vinogradov, Luis Meza, Alvaro Gallegos, Eduardo Fournier, Lauren B. Smith, Samuel H. Barondes, Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl, and Nelson B. Freimer
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13060–13065.
PMCID: PMC24046
Identification and characterization of differentially expressed cDNAs of the vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae
George Dimopoulos, Adam Richman, Alessandra della Torre, Fotis C. Kafatos, and Christos Louis
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13066–13071.
PMCID: PMC24047
Spontaneous mutations recovered as mosaics in the mouse specific-locus test
L. B. Russell and W. L. Russell
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13072–13077.
PMCID: PMC24048
Brca2 is coordinately regulated with Brca1 during proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelial cells
Jayant V. Rajan, Man Wang, Sandra T. Marquis, and Lewis A. Chodosh
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13078–13083.
PMCID: PMC24049
Pleiotropic defects in ataxia-telangiectasia protein-deficient mice
Ari Elson, Yaoqi Wang, Cathie J. Daugherty, Cynthia C. Morton, Fen Zhou, Juanita Campos-Torres, and Philip Leder
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13084–13089.
PMCID: PMC24050
Long-range disruption of gene expression by a selectable marker cassette
Christine T. N. Pham, Debra M. MacIvor, Bruce A. Hug, Jonathan W. Heusel, and Timothy J. Ley
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13090–13095.
PMCID: PMC24051
Circadian clock-controlled genes isolated from Neurospora crassa are late night- to early morning-specific
Deborah Bell-Pedersen, Mari L. Shinohara, Jennifer J. Loros, and Jay C. Dunlap
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13096–13101.
PMCID: PMC24052
Immunology
Disrupted splenic architecture, but normal lymph node development in mice expressing a soluble lymphotoxin-β receptor–IgG1 fusion protein
Rachel Ettinger, Jeffrey L. Browning, Sara A. Michie, Willem van Ewijk, and Hugh O. McDevitt
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13102–13107.
PMCID: PMC24053
Molecular basis for the recognition of two structurally different major histocompatibility complex/peptide complexes by a single T-cell receptor
Roland Brock, Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller, Günther Jung, and Peter Walden
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13108–13113.
PMCID: PMC24054
Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes restricted by nonself major histocompatibility complex class I molecules: Reagents for tumor immunotherapy
Elena Sadovnikova and Hans J. Stauss
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13114–13118.
PMCID: PMC24055
Oxidative stress by tumor-derived macrophages suppresses the expression of CD3 ζ chain of T-cell receptor complex and antigen-specific T-cell responses
Mizuto Otsuji, Yoshimitsu Kimura, Tomohiko Aoe, Yasuhiro Okamoto, and Takashi Saito
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13119–13124.
PMCID: PMC24056
Suppression of HIV replication by lymphoid tissue CD8+ cells correlates with the clinical state of HIV-infected individuals
David J. Blackbourn, Carl E. Mackewicz, Edward Barker, Thomas K. Hunt, Brian Herndier, Ashley T. Haase, and Jay A. Levy
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13125–13130.
PMCID: PMC24057
Increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli in c-abl-deficient progenitor B-cell lines
Marion Dorsch and Stephen P. Goff
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13131–13136.
PMCID: PMC24058
Medical Sciences
Blastic transformation of p53-deficient bone marrow cells by p210bcr/abl tyrosine kinase
Tomasz Skorski, Malgorzata Nieborowska-Skorska, Pawel Wlodarski, Danilo Perrotti, Robert Martinez, Mariusz A. Wasik, and Bruno Calabretta
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13137–13142.
PMCID: PMC24059
Apicidin: A novel antiprotozoal agent that inhibits parasite histone deacetylase
Sandra J. Darkin-Rattray, Anne M. Gurnett, Robert W. Myers, Paula M. Dulski, Tami M. Crumley, John J. Allocco, Christine Cannova, Peter T. Meinke, Steven L. Colletti, Maria A. Bednarek, Sheo B. Singh, Michael A. Goetz, Anne W. Dombrowski, Jon D. Polishook, and Dennis M. Schmatz
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13143–13147.
PMCID: PMC24060
Normal host prion protein (PrPC) is required for scrapie spread within the central nervous system
Sebastian Brandner, Alex Raeber, Andreas Sailer, Thomas Blättler, Marek Fischer, Charles Weissmann, and Adriano Aguzzi
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13148–13151.
PMCID: PMC24061
Concomitant combination therapy for HIV infection preferable over sequential therapy with 3TC and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Jan Balzarini, Heidi Pelemans, Anna Karlsson, Erik De Clercq, and Jörg-Peter Kleim
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13152–13157.
PMCID: PMC24062
Temporal mapping of gene expression levels during the differentiation of individual primary hematopoietic cells
Tao Cheng, Hongmei Shen, Dena Giokas, John Gere, Daniel G. Tenen, and David T. Scadden
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13158–13163.
PMCID: PMC24063
Induction of apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells through down-regulation of PAX proteins
Michele Bernasconi, Andrew Remppis, William J. Fredericks, Frank J. Rauscher, III, and Beat W. Schäfer
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13164–13169.
PMCID: PMC24064
Evidence that the 42- and 40-amino acid forms of amyloid β protein are generated from the β-amyloid precursor protein by different protease activities
Martin Citron, Thekla S. Diehl, Grace Gordon, Anja Leona Biere, Peter Seubert, and Dennis J. Selkoe
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13170–13175.
PMCID: PMC24065
Elevated blood pressures in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Edward G. Shesely, Nobuyo Maeda, H.-S. Kim, Kaushik M. Desai, John H. Krege, Victor E. Laubach, Paula A. Sherman, William C. Sessa, and Oliver Smithies
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13176–13181.
PMCID: PMC24066
NADPH-oxidase and a hydrogen peroxide-sensitive K+ channel may function as an oxygen sensor complex in airway chemoreceptors and small cell lung carcinoma cell lines
Dashou Wang, Charlotte Youngson, Veronica Wong, Herman Yeger, Mary C. Dinauer, Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera, Bernardo Rudy, and Ernest Cutz
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13182–13187.
PMCID: PMC24067
Separation of the arterial wall from blood contact using hydrogel barriers reduces intimal thickening after balloon injury in the rat: The roles of medial and luminal factors in arterial healing
Jennifer L. West and Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13188–13193.
PMCID: PMC24068
Interaction of measles virus glycoproteins with the surface of uninfected peripheral blood lymphocytes induces immunosuppression in vitro
Jörg Schlender, Jens-Jörg Schnorr, Pius Spielhofer, Toni Cathomen, Roberto Cattaneo, Martin A. Billeter, Volker ter Meulen, and Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13194–13199.
PMCID: PMC24069
Characterization of human cardiac Na+ channel mutations in the congenital long QT syndrome
Dao W. Wang, Kazuto Yazawa, Alfred L. George, Jr., and Paul B. Bennett
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13200–13205.
PMCID: PMC24070
Different response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in West African sympatric ethnic groups
D. Modiano, V. Petrarca, B. S. Sirima, I. Nebié, D. Diallo, F. Esposito, and M. Coluzzi
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13206–13211.
PMCID: PMC24071
Microbiology
Molecular basis for the exquisite sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid
Y. Zhang, S. Dhandayuthapani, and V. Deretic
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13212–13216.
PMCID: PMC24072
Signal transduction through homologs of the Ste20p and Ste7p protein kinases can trigger hyphal formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans
Ekkehard Leberer, Doreen Harcus, Ian D. Broadbent, Karen L. Clark, Daniel Dignard, Karl Ziegelbauer, Axel Schmidt, Neil A. R. Gow, Alistair J. P. Brown, and David Y. Thomas
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13217–13222.
PMCID: PMC24073
Candida albicans strains heterozygous and homozygous for mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components have defects in hyphal development
Julia R. Köhler and Gerald R. Fink
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13223–13228.
PMCID: PMC24074
Neurobiology
Binocular vision in insects: How mantids solve the correspondence problem
Samuel Rossel
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13229–13232.
PMCID: PMC24075
The cell surface metalloprotease/disintegrin Kuzbanian is required for axonal extension in Drosophila
Douglas Fambrough, Duojia Pan, Gerald M. Rubin, and Corey S. Goodman
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13233–13238.
PMCID: PMC24076
Neuronal type information encoded in the basic-helix–loop–helix domain of proneural genes
Cheng-ting Chien, Chwan-Deng Hsiao, Lily Y. Jan, and Yuh Nung Jan
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13239–13244.
PMCID: PMC24077
γ-Aminobutyric acid type B receptor-dependent burst-firing in thalamic neurons: A dynamic clamp study
Daniel Ulrich and John R. Huguenard
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13245–13249.
PMCID: PMC24078
The 3′-untranslated region of CaMKIIα is a cis-acting signal for the localization and translation of mRNA in dendrites
Mark Mayford, Danny Baranes, Katrina Podsypanina, and Eric R. Kandel
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13250–13255.
PMCID: PMC24079
ORK1, a potassium-selective leak channel with two pore domains cloned from Drosophila melanogaster by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Steve A. N. Goldstein, Laura A. Price, David N. Rosenthal, and Mark H. Pausch
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13256–13261.
PMCID: PMC24080
A neurotransmitter transporter encoded by the Drosophila inebriated gene
Holly Soehnge, Xi Huang, Marie Becker, Penn Whitley, Diana Conover, and Michael Stern
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13262–13267.
PMCID: PMC24081
An extracellular signaling component in propagation of astrocytic calcium waves
T. D. Hassinger, P. B. Guthrie, P. B. Atkinson, M. V. L. Bennett, and S. B. Kater
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13268–13273.
PMCID: PMC24082
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes the development of adrenergic neurons in mouse neural crest cultures
Gerald D. Maxwell, Kate Reid, Andrew Elefanty, Perry F. Bartlett, and Mark Murphy
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13274–13279.
PMCID: PMC24083
Functional breakdown of the lipid bilayer of the myelin membrane in central and peripheral nervous system by disrupted galactocerebroside synthesis
Andreas Bosio, Erika Binczek, and Wilhelm Stoffel
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13280–13285.
PMCID: PMC24084
Acetylcholine receptor [var epsilon]-subunit deletion causes muscle weakness and atrophy in juvenile and adult mice
V. Witzemann, H. Schwarz, M. Koenen, C. Berberich, A. Villarroel, A. Wernig, H. R. Brenner, and B. Sakmann
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13286–13291.
PMCID: PMC24085
Nitric oxide plays a key role in adaptive control of locomotion in cat
Dai Yanagihara and Ikio Kondo
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13292–13297.
PMCID: PMC24086
Retinoic acid alters photoreceptor development in vivo
George A. Hyatt, Ellen A. Schmitt, James M. Fadool, and John E. Dowling
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13298–13303.
PMCID: PMC24087
Distinct short-term plasticity at two excitatory synapses in the hippocampus
Paul A. Salin, Massimo Scanziani, Robert C. Malenka, and Roger A. Nicoll
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13304–13309.
PMCID: PMC24088
Synaptic vesicle endocytosis mediates the entry of tetanus neurotoxin into hippocampal neurons
Michela Matteoli, Claudia Verderio, Ornella Rossetto, Numa Iezzi, Silvia Coco, Giampietro Schiavo, and Cesare Montecucco
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13310–13315.
PMCID: PMC24089
Impaired locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in mice lacking histamine H1 receptors
Isao Inoue, Kazuhiko Yanai, Daisuke Kitamura, Ichiro Taniuchi, Takashi Kobayashi, Kaku Niimura, Takehiko Watanabe, and Takeshi Watanabe
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13316–13320.
PMCID: PMC24090
Nested expression domains for odorant receptors in zebrafish olfactory epithelium
Franco Weth, Walter Nadler, and Sigrun Korsching
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13321–13326.
PMCID: PMC24091
Calcium-dependent switching of the specificity of phosphoinositide binding to synaptotagmin
Giampietro Schiavo, Qu-Ming Gu, Glenn D. Prestwich, Thomas H. Söllner, and James E. Rothman
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13327–13332.
PMCID: PMC24092
Developmental abnormalities and age-related neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Down syndrome
David M. Holtzman, Daniela Santucci, Joshua Kilbridge, Jane Chua-Couzens, David J. Fontana, Scott E. Daniels, Randolph M. Johnson, Karen Chen, Yuling Sun, Elaine Carlson, Enrico Alleva, Charles J. Epstein, and William C. Mobley
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13333–13338.
PMCID: PMC24093
How the brain keeps the eyes still
H. S. Seung
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13339–13344.
PMCID: PMC24094
Intrinsic responses to Borna disease virus infection of the central nervous system
Kinjiro Morimoto, D. Craig Hooper, Annette Bornhorst, Susanne Corisdeo, Michael Bette, Zhen Fang Fu, Martin K.-H. Schäfer, Hilary Koprowski, Eberhard Weihe, and Bernhard Dietzschold
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13345–13350.
PMCID: PMC24095
Ca2+-induced rebound potentiation of γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated currents requires activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II
Masanobu Kano, Misao Kano, Kohji Fukunaga, and Arthur Konnerth
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13351–13356.
PMCID: PMC24096
Pharmacology
Two functionally distinct subsites for the binding of internal blockers to the pore of voltage-activated K+ channels
Thomas Baukrowitz and Gary Yellen
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13357–13361.
PMCID: PMC24097
Physiology
Heteromultimeric CLC chloride channels with novel properties
Claudius Lorenz, Michael Pusch, and Thomas J. Jentsch
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13362–13366.
PMCID: PMC24098
Cotransport of water by the Na+/glucose cotransporter
Donald D. F. Loo, Thomas Zeuthen, Grischa Chandy, and Ernest M. Wright
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13367–13370.
PMCID: PMC24099
Plant Biology
A cdc5+ homolog of a higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana
Takashi Hirayama and Kazuo Shinozaki
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13371–13376.
PMCID: PMC24100
Three members of a novel small gene-family from Arabidopsis thaliana able to complement functionally an Escherichia coli mutant defective in PAPS reductase activity encode proteins with a thioredoxin-like domain and “APS reductase” activity
José F. Gutierrez-Marcos, Michael A. Roberts, Edward I. Campbell, and John L. Wray
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13377–13382.
PMCID: PMC24101
Sulfate reduction in higher plants: Molecular evidence for a novel 5′-adenylylsulfate reductase
Amit Setya, Michael Murillo, and Thomas Leustek
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13383–13388.
PMCID: PMC24102
Convergent pathways for lipochitooligosaccharide and auxin signaling in tobacco cells
Horst Röhrig, Jürgen Schmidt, Richard Walden, Inge Czaja, Helge Lubenow, Ursula Wieneke, Jeff Schell, and Michael John
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13389–13392.
PMCID: PMC24103
The Pto kinase mediates a signaling pathway leading to the oxidative burst in tomato
Sreeganga Chandra, Gregory B. Martin, and Philip S. Low
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13393–13397.
PMCID: PMC24104
Addition of destabilizing poly(A)-rich sequences to endonuclease cleavage sites during the degradation of chloroplast mRNA
Irena Lisitsky, Petra Klaff, and Gadi Schuster
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13398–13403.
PMCID: PMC24105
Constitutive expression of the cold-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana COR15a gene affects both chloroplast and protoplast freezing tolerance
Nancy N. Artus, Matsuo Uemura, Peter L. Steponkus, Sarah J. Gilmour, Chentao Lin, and Michael F. Thomashow
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13404–13409.
PMCID: PMC24106
Population Biology
Relationships of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the elderly with functional, psychological, and mental status, and short-term mortality: A French community-based study
Claudine Berr, Sylviane Lafont, Brigitte Debuire, Jean-François Dartigues, and Etienne-Emile Baulieu
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13410–13415.
PMCID: PMC24107
Social Sciences
Economic Sciences
Sources of selection bias in evaluating social programs: An interpretation of conventional measures and evidence on the effectiveness of matching as a program evaluation method
James J. Heckman, Hidehiko Ichimura, Jeffrey Smith, and Petra Todd
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13416–13420.
PMCID: PMC24108
Game theory and reciprocity in some extensive form experimental games
Kevin A. McCabe, Stephen J. Rassenti, and Vernon L. Smith
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 November 12; 93(23): 13421–13428.
PMCID: PMC24109
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