• The primary endpoint of the study is change in mRNA levels of Visfatin. [ Time Frame: Levels of Visfatin will be assayed from fat tissue taken before and after gastric bypass surgery or other laparoscopic surgery. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Procedure: Cytokines assessed from fat tissue
Cytokines assessed from fat tissue

Central obesity represents a major risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines. Adipose tissue and especially omentum (adipocytes and resident macrophages) release several cytokines. Visfatin corresponds to a protein identified previously as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a 52-kilodalton cytokine expressed in lymphocytes. [1] Visfatin exerted insulin-mimetic effects in cultured cells and lowered plasma glucose levels in mice. Mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in the visfatin gene had modestly higher levels of plasma glucose relative to wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, visfatin binds to and activates the insulin receptor.

Adipose tissue protein and mRNA expression of Visfatin (PBEF) has not been investigated in a single study design with regard to the relationship to fat distribution, insulin resistance and other metabolic risk factors, especially in morbidly obese individual undergoing weight loss surgery. Therefore, we propose the following specific aims: Investigate the protein and mRNA expression of Visfatin (PBEF) in the peripheral (subcutaneous) and visceral (omentum) adipose tissues of morbidly obese subjects and their relationships to the changes in body composition, fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and time-dependent reversal of co-morbidities following gastric bypass surgery.