• Maximum torque around the knee joint
  
• gait velocity
  

• Modified Rivermead Mobility Index
  
• Lower limb kinematics during standing up
  
• Lower limb kinematics during sitting down
  
• Lower limb kinematics during walking
  
• timing and pattern of muscle activation during functional activity
  
• EuroQuol for health related quality of life
  
• Transmission in the corticospinal pathways for suitable subjects who provide additional written informed consent for TMS
  

Neuromuscular weakness occurs frequently after stroke and the processes underlying recovery are still poorly understood. Accepted practice in UK physiotherapy is to avoid training of muscle strength after stroke but there is preliminary evidence that it might be effective.

An observer-blind randomised clinical trial. Subjects will be within 3 months of first stroke with some voluntary movement in the paretic lower limb. A power calculation estimated the sample size as 300. Research Physiotherapists, blinded to measurement, will recruit subjects, allocate subjects to one of the three intervention groups using sequentially numbered sealed envelopes containing previously randomised allocated intervention cards and provide interventions. The Research Assessors, blinded to intervention allocation will undertake all measurements. Conventional therapy (control) will be provided as normal for the clinical setting, the additional conventional therapy (experimental 1) or functional strength training (experimental 2) will be provided for one hour, four times a week, for six weeks. Subjects in the two experimental groups will also receive the conventional therapy standard in their clinical setting. Blinded measurement will be made before randomisation, at the end of intervention and 12-weeks thereafter. Primary outcomes are maximum torque around the knee joint, and gait velocity. The secondary outcomes include movement analysis, functional ability, corticospinal transmission (transcranial magnetic stimulation) and health related quality of life (Euroqol). The primary analysis will be analysis of covariance. A multiple comparison procedure (Gabriel’s test) will be used to compare each pair of treatments. Euroqol data will be used to estimate the relative costs of the interventions and to calculate the incremental cost per QUALY gained. Every effort will be made to invite patients for assessment at outcome and follow-up even if they have withdrawn from therapy to allow the intention-to-treat principle to be applied.