| Topic: | Digestive Diseases (DD) |
| Title: | Recent Developments in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Prevention. |
| Author: | Pignone, M.; Levin, B. |
| Source: | American Family Physician. 66(2): 297-302. July 15, 2002. |
| Availability: | Available from American Academy of Family Physicians. 8880 Ward Parkway, Kansas City, MO 64114-2797. (800) 274-2237. |
| Abstract: | Colorectal cancer is a significant contributor to morbidity (complications and related illness) and mortality (death) in the United States. Studies published in the early 1990s, showing that screening for colorectal cancer can reduce colorectal cancer-related mortality, led many organizations to recommend screening in asymptomatic, adults of average-risk older than 50 years. Since then, however, national screening rates remain low. Several important studies published over the past four years have refined the understanding of existing screening tools and explored novel means of screening and prevention. This article reviews the most important new develops. Additional trial results support the effectiveness of fecal occult (hidden) blood testing in reducing the incidence of, and mortality from, colorectal cancer. New studies document the sensitivity of fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, and double-contrast barium enema compared with colonoscopy. Cost-effectiveness models show that screening by any of several methods is cost-effective compared to no screening. Randomized trials show that calcium is effective but fiber is not effective in preventing reoccurrence of adenomatous polyps. Preliminary data suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may prevent adenomatous polyps and that DNA stool tests and virtual colonoscopy may show promise as screening tools. This new information provides further support for efforts to increase the use of colorectal cancer screening and prevention services in adults older than 50 years. 1 table. 26 references. |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English. |
| Major Keywords: | Digestive System Diseases. Colon Cancer. Screening. Prevention. Diagnostic Tests. Patient Selection. |
| Minor Keywords: | Cost-Effectiveness. Recurrence. Diet Therapy. Morbidity. Mortality. Calcium. Dietary Fiber. Drug Therapy. Delivery of Health Care. |
| Publication Number: | DDJA09456 |
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