Biosketch

Dr. John Gallin was appointed director of the NIH Clinical Center in 1994. The Clinical Center serves the clinical research needs of 17 NIH institutes and is the largest clinical research hospital in the world. During his tenure, Dr. Gallin has overseen the design and construction of a new research hospital for the Clinical Center, the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center; the establishment of a new curriculum for clinical research training; and development of a new clinical research information system. The new facility opened its doors to patients in 2005.

While serving as CC director, Dr. Gallin has continued to be an active clinician and researcher. His primary research interest is in a rare hereditary immune disorder, chronic granulomatous disease. His laboratory described the genetic basis for several forms of CGD and has done pioneering research that has reduced life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections in CGD patients.

Dr. Gallin was the 2006 recipient of the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award of the American College of Physicians for “his contribution to the advancement of clinical research, to the teaching structure, to the principles of patient care, and to overall productivity of hospital programs.” Established in 1976, the Rosenthal awards are bestowed each year in two distinct categories— for contributions to improve clinical care in the field of internal medicine and for recognition of health care that improves clinical care or economics of care.

A New York native, Dr. Gallin attended public school in New Rochelle, New York, graduated cum laude from Amherst College, and earned an M.D. degree at Cornell University Medical College. After a medical internship and residency at New York University’s Bellevue Hospital Medical Center, he received postdoctoral training in basic and clinical research in infectious diseases at NIH from 1971 to 1974. He then went back to the New York University-Bellevue Medical Center as senior chief medical resident for two years before returning to NIH.

In 1985, Dr. Gallin began a nine-year period as scientific director for intramural research activities at the National Allergy and Infectious Diseases. During this period, Dr. Gallin oversaw intramural activities for NIAID, including doubling of the research budget in response to the AIDS epidemic, introduction of a modern informatics program to NIAID and revitalization of NIAID’s Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Hamilton, Montana. Dr. Gallin also was chief of Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, from 1991-2003, and he continues as chief of the lab’s clinical pathology section.

He has published more than 300 articles in scientific journals and has edited two textbooks—Inflammation, Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates (Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, 1999, now in 3rd edition) and Principles of Clinical Research (Academic Press, 2002).

Selected Honors and Awards

American College of Physicians’ Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award, 2006; HHS Secretary’s Award for Distinguished Service, 2006; elected to the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 2005; Society for Leukocyte Biology Marie T. Bonazinga Life Time Achievement Award, 2002; Physician Executive of the Year, U.S. Public Health Service, 2001; elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, 1996; Surgeon General’s Exemplary Service Medal, 1993; Distinguished Service Medal, U.S. Public Health Service, 1992; USPHS Award for Orphan Product Development, 1991; Jeffrey Modell Foundation Life Time Achievement Award, 1990; Squibb Award, Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1987

Selected Publications

BOOKS

Gallin, J. I., Principles and Practice of Clinical Research.  New York, Academic Press 2002.

Gallin, J. I., Snyderman, R., Haynes B F., Nathan C., Fearon D.T.: Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates, 3rd Edition.  New York, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. 1999

Metcalf, J. A., Gallin, J. I., Nauseef, W. M. and Root, R. K.: Laboratory Manual of Neutrophil Function.  New York, Raven Press, Ltd. 1986

Gallin, J. I. and Quie, P. G.: Leukocyte Chemotaxis: Methods, Physiology and Clinical Implications.  New York, Raven Press, Ltd. 1978

JOURNAL REVIEWS

Gallin, J. I.  Neutrophil specific granules: A fuse that ignites the inflammatory response. Clin. Res. 32:320-328, 1984.

Malech, H. L. and Gallin, J. I.: Neutrophils in human diseases.  New Eng. J. Med., 317:687-694, 1987.

Gallin, J. I.: Interferon Gamma in the Management of Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Rev. Infec. Dis.  13:973-978, 1991.

Lekstrom-Himes, J.A. and Gallin, J.I.  Immunodeficiency diseases caused by defects in phagocytes. New England J. Med., 343 (23); 1703-1714, 2001.

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Malech, H. L., Root, R. K. and Gallin, J. I.:  Structural analysis of human neutrophil migration:  Centriole, microtubule and microfilament orientation and function during chemotaxis.  J. Cell Biol. 75:666-693, 1977.

Gallin, E. K. and Gallin, J. I.:  Interaction of chemotactic factors with human macrophages:  Induction of transmembrane potential changes.  J. Cell Biol. 75:277-289, 1977. 

Wright, D. G. and Gallin, J. I.  Secretory responses of human neutrophils: Exocytosis of specific (secondary) granules by human neutrophils during adherence in vitro and during exudation in vivo.  J. Immunol. 123:285-294, 1979.

Gallin, J. I.  Degranulating stimuli decrease the negative surface charge and increase the adhesiveness of human neutrophils.  J. Clin. Invest. 65:298-306, 1980.

Sechler, J.M.G., Malech, H. L., White, C.J. and Gallin, J. I.: Recombinant human interferon- reconstitutes defective phagocyte function in patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Proceed. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA. 85:4874-4878, 1988.

Gallin, J.I. and Malech, H.L.; Role of the neutrophil in host defense and inflammation. In: The Proceedings of the Symposium on Pentoxifylline and Leukocyte Function. Held in Key Biscayne, Florida, November 30, 1987. Eds: Novick, W. and Mandell, G. pp 1-17, 1988.

Nunoi, H., Rotrosen, D., Gallin, J. I., and Malech, H. L.: Two forms of autosomal chronic granulomatous disease lack distinct neutrophil cytosol factors. Science.  242:1298-1300, 1988.

Gallin, J. I., Sechler, J.M.G., and Malech, H. L.: Reconstitution of defective phagocyte function in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood with recombinant human interferon-g.  Trans. Assoc. Amer. Phys. 101:12-17, 1988.

Lomax, K. J., Leto, T. L., Nunoi, H., Gallin, J. I. and Malech, H. L.: Recombinant 47-kD cytosol factor restores NADPH oxidase in chronic granulomatous disease. Science, 245:409-412, 1989.

Leto, T. L., Lomax, K. J., Volpp, B. D., Nunoi, H., Sechler, J. M. G., Nauseef, W.M., Clark, R. A., Gallin, J. I., and Malech, H. L.: Cloning of a 67K neutrophil oxidase factor with similarity to a noncatalytic region of p60c-src.  Science. 248:727-730, 1990

Gallin, J. I., Malech, H. L., Melnick, D. A., et al: A controlled trial of interferon gamma to prevent infection in chronic granulomatous disease. The international chronic granulomatous disease cooperative study group. N. Engl. J. Med. 324:509-516, 1991.

Kuhns, D. B., DeCarlo, E., Hawk, D. M. and Gallin, J. I.:  Dynamics of the cellular and humoral components of the inflammatory response elicited in skin blisters in humans.  J. Clin. Invest.  89: 1734-1740, 1992.

Holland, S. M., Eisenstein, E. M., Kuhns, D. B., Turner, M. L., Fleisher, T. A., Strober, W., Gallin, J. I.: Treatment of refractory disseminated non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infection with interferon-gamma: A preliminary report. New Eng J. Med. 330:1348-1355. 1994.

Kuhns, D.B. and Gallin, J.I. Increased cell-associated Il-8 in human exudative and A23187-treated peripheral blood neutrophils.  J. Immunol. 154: 6556-6562, 1995.

Jackson, S.H., Gallin, J.I., Holland, S.H.  The p47phox mouse knock-out model chronic granulomatous disease.  J. Exp. Med. 182:751-758, 1995.

Malech, H.L., Maples, P.B., et al and Gallin, J.I., Prolonged production of NADPH oxidase-corrected granulocytes after gene therapy of chronic granulomatous disease.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 94:12133-12138, 1997.

Lekstrom-Himes, J.A., Dorman, S.E., Kopar, P., Holland, S.M., Gallin, J.I.  Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency results from a novel mutation with loss of function of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer protein e. J. Exp. Med., 189:1847-1852, 1999.

Gallin, J.I., Alling, D.W., Malech H.L. and others.  Itraconazole to Prevent Fungal Infections in Chronic Granulomatous Disease.  N. Eng. J. Med. 348: 2416-2422. 2003.

Medvedev, A.E., Lentschat, A., Kuhns, D.B., Blanco, J.C.G., Salkowski, C., Zhang, S., Arditi, M., Gallin, J.I. and Vogel, S.N.   Distinct Mutations in IRAK-4 Confer Hyporesponsiveness to Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-1 in a Patient with Recurrent Bacterial Infections. J. Exp. Med., 198 (4): 521-531. 2003.

Lekstrom-Himes, J.A., Kuhns, D.B., Alvord, W.G., and Gallin, J.I.  Inhibition of Human Neutrophil IL-8 Production by Hydrogen Peroxide and Dysregulation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease.  J. Immun., 174: 411-417. 2005