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1. Researchers Identify New Regulatory Circuit Controlling Immune Cell Production in Mice
(Posted: 01/11/2009) - Using a mouse model, researchers have shown that elevated levels of a small protein known as interleukin 7 (IL-7) plays a central role in regulating the production of a type of white blood cell that is required for effective immune responses. This finding helps explain the delayed and incomplete recovery of immune system function after treatments such as chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, in which immune cells are destroyed, and provides insight into the mechanism by which certain types of immune cells are depleted during HIV infection.
2. Gene Abnormality Found To Predict Childhood Leukemia Relapse
(Posted: 01/07/2009) - Scientists have identified mutations in a gene that predict a high likelihood of relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although further research is needed, the findings are likely to provide the basis for future diagnostic tests to assess the risk of treatment failure. By using a molecular test to identify this genetic marker in ALL patients, physicians should be better able to assign patients to appropriate therapies.
3. Inherited Factors Play an Important Role in Breast Cancer Progression According to New Study in Mice
(Posted: 01/01/2009) - New research in mice and five independent collections of human breast tumors has enabled NCI scientists to confirm that genes for factors contributing to susceptibility for breast cancer metastasis can be inherited. The new findings support earlier results from the same laboratory.
4. New Tool Developed to Predict Colorectal Cancer Risk
(Posted: 12/29/2008) - A new online tool for calculating colorectal cancer risk in men and women age 50 or older was launched today, based on a new risk-assessment model developed by researchers at the NCI. This new tool may assist health care providers and their patients in making informed choices about when and how to screen for colorectal cancer and can be used in designing colorectal cancer screening and prevention trials.
5. Mouse Studies Show Gene Therapy Method Holds Promise in Targeting Tumor Blood Vessels for Destruction
(Posted: 12/17/2008) - Cancer researchers have reported the development of a novel method for delivering a therapeutic gene specifically to the blood vessels of tumors in mice. Once delivered, the gene produces a protein that damages the blood vessels and disrupts the blood flow to tumors, but not to the surrounding tissue.
6. Review of Prostate Cancer Prevention Study Shows No Benefit for Use of Selenium and Vitamin E Supplements
(Posted: 10/27/2008, Updated: 12/09/2008) - Initial, independent review of study data from the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and other institutes that comprise the National Institutes of Health shows that selenium and vitamin E supplements, taken either alone or together, did not prevent prostate cancer. The data also showed two concerning trends: a small but not statistically significant increase in the number of prostate cancer cases among the over 35,000 men age 50 and older in the trial taking only vitamin E and a small, but not statistically significant increase in the number of cases of adult onset diabetes in men taking only selenium.
 
7. New Targeted Fluorescent-Imaging Compound Allows Researchers to Detect Viable Cancer Cells in Mice
(Posted: 12/08/2008) - Researchers have developed a new type of imaging compound that allows them to visualize viable breast cancer cells that have spread to the lungs in mice. The compound binds to a protein called HER2, which is found on the surface of some breast cancer cells, and it glows, or fluoresces, only when taken inside living cells. This method of targeting and activation allowed researchers to detect specific types of live cancer cells in a mouse model of breast cancer.
8. Variations in Gene Activity Can Predict the Survival of Patients with Lymphoma
(Posted: 11/26/2008) - Patterns of gene activity in a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has given researchers a better understanding of factors that contribute to the survival of patients treated for the disease.
9. Annual Report to the Nation Finds Declines in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates; Special Feature Reveals Wide Variations in Lung Cancer Trends across States
(Posted: 11/25/2008) - A new report from the nation's leading cancer organizations shows that, for the first time since the report was first issued in 1998, both incidence and death rates for all cancers combined are decreasing for both men and women, driven largely by declines in some of the most common types of cancer. The report notes that, although the decreases in overall cancer incidence and death rates are encouraging, large state and regional differences in lung cancer trends among women underscore the need to strengthen many state tobacco control programs.
10. High Dose Chemotherapy Significantly Prolongs Survival for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
(Posted: 11/17/2008) - Preliminary results from a large, randomized clinical trial for patients ages 16 to 60 with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, show that patients who received a high dose of a commercially available chemotherapy drug, daunorubicin, during initial therapy lived longer than patients who received a standard dose of the same drug.
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