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Sponsors and Collaborators: |
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Raising Voices Centre for Domestic Violence Prevention, Uganda Makerere University, Uganda Sigrid Rausing Trust Irish Aid Stephen Lewis Foundation |
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Information provided by: | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00790959 |
The SASA! Study is a cluster randomised trial of a community mobilisation intervention for the prevention of HIV and gender based violence. The study is being conducted in Kampala, Uganda.
Condition | Intervention |
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Intimate Partner Violence HIV |
Behavioral: SASA! Other: Control |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Prevention, Randomized, Open Label, Active Control, Single Group Assignment, Efficacy Study |
Official Title: | The SASA! Study: a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial of a Community Mobilisation Intervention to Address Gender-Based Violence in Kampala, Uganda |
Estimated Enrollment: | 800 |
Study Start Date: | October 2007 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | March 2011 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | March 2011 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
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SASA!: Experimental |
Behavioral: SASA!
A community mobilization approach to try to change community and individual attitudes and behaviours that support both the perpetration of violence against women and HIV risk behaviours The intervention team engages with four major groups of actors: community volunteers selected from the general public; community leaders (e.g. religious, cultural and local council leaders); resource persons (health care providers, police, etc); and institutional leaders. The community volunteers are a key component of the intensive intervention. |
Control: Active Comparator |
Other: Control
Control communities will receive the full SASA! intervention after completion of the SASA! Study. For the duration of the study, they will receive a less intensive intervention comprising the Division-level elements of SASA! (involving community leaders, resource persons and institutional leaders) without the community volunteers. |
Background : Physical and sexual violence against women is widespread in Uganda, and is increasingly recognised as a major global social, public health and human rights problem. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that violence may also be intimately tied in with HIV risk, with violence being both a risk factor for and a consequence of HIV infection.Behaviours that often form the cornerstone of HIV prevention messages such as refusal of sex, inquiring about other partners, or suggesting condom use, have all been identified as triggers of intimate partner violence (IPV) in various settings.
There is now growing interest in integrated HIV/violence prevention strategies to tackle the underlying notions of masculinity that condone both male infidelity and male control over women. Promising research from South Africa and Brazil suggests that interventions which explicitly aim to challenge gender inequalities (either through economic empowerment of women or discussion with men and women about gender inequalities, norms and their implications), may influence levels of violence and HIV risk behaviours. However, such interventions remain few in number, as do scientifically rigorous evaluations of them.
Intervention Design :
SASA! uses a community mobilization approach to address gender inequity and try to change attitudes and behaviours that support both HIV risk behaviours and the perpetration of violence against women.
SASA! supports communities through a four-phase process of social change (based on a social-level adaptation of the Stages of Change Theory):
The intervention team engages with four major groups of actors: community volunteers selected from the general public; community leaders (e.g. religious, cultural and local council leaders); resource persons (health care providers, police, etc); and institutional leaders. The community volunteers are key agents to raise awareness about power imbalances between men and women, discuss the impacts of HIV and violence against women, discuss the benefits of non-violence and gender equity, and most importantly to mobilise others in the community to take action thereby promoting sustainable change.
Study design:
The SASA! Study randomised four pairs of communities that were matched on population density and stability/transience. The intervention communities received the SASA! intervention from early 2008. Comparison communities will receive the intervention approximately three years later.
A cross-sectional survey will be conducted among community members prior to the implementation of SASA! in their communities. Another cross-sectional survey will be conducted three years later. The primary outcome is a woman's past year experience of physical/sexual IPV, but other attitudes and behaviours will also be measured. Data analysis will be appropriate to the cluster-randomised study design. The target sample size per arm at each round of data collection is 800.
Complementary qualitative and quantitative data will also be collected (from community volunteers and resource people as well as from community members) to document processes of change and potential pathways of impact.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 49 Years |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Uganda | |
Raising Voices | |
Kampala, Uganda |
Principal Investigator: | Charlotte Watts, PhD | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine |
Responsible Party: | London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine ( Professor Charlotte Watts ) |
Study ID Numbers: | PHHPSASA1 |
Study First Received: | November 13, 2008 |
Last Updated: | November 13, 2008 |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00790959 |
Health Authority: | Uganda: Makerere University Ethics Board; Uganda: National Council of Science and Technology |
Intimate Partner Violence HIV/AIDS Gender |
Prevention Community mobilisation Uganda |
HIV Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |