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Your search term(s) "proctitis" returned 20 results.

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Entendiendo el Sangrado Rectal Leve [Understanding Minor Rectal Bleeding]. Oak Brook, IL: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2007. 2 p.

This Spanish-language brochure from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) familiarizes readers with minor rectal bleeding, a term that refers to the passage of a few drops of bright red, fresh, blood from the rectum, which may appear on the stool, on the toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl. The brochure reviews several possible causes for minor rectal bleeding, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, proctitis, polyps, colon or anal cancer, and rectal ulcers. The brochure describes each of these conditions, their symptoms, and treatment options. For hemorrhoids, the treatments of rubber band ligation, laser or infrared coagulation, sclerotherapy, and surgery might be used. The brochure also discusses the procedures used to evaluate and diagnose the cause of minor rectal bleeding, as well as practical approaches to prevent further episodes of rectal bleeding. Readers are cautioned that a complete evaluation and early diagnosis of any episodes of rectal bleeding is important. The brochure concludes with a brief description of the activities of and contact information for the ASGE. The brochure is also available in English.

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Understanding Minor Rectal Bleeding. Oak Brook, IL: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2007. 4 p.

This brochure from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) familiarizes readers with minor rectal bleeding, a term that refers to the passage of a few drops of bright red, fresh, blood from the rectum, which may appear on the stool, on the toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl. The brochure reviews several possible causes for minor rectal bleeding, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, proctitis, polyps, colon or anal cancer, and rectal ulcers. The brochure describes each of these conditions, their symptoms, and treatment options. For hemorrhoids, the treatments of rubber band ligation, laser or infrared coagulation, sclerotherapy, and surgery might be used. The brochure also discusses the procedures used to evaluate and diagnose the cause of minor rectal bleeding, as well as practical approaches to prevent further episodes of rectal bleeding. Readers are cautioned that a complete evaluation and early diagnosis of any episodes of rectal bleeding is important. The brochure concludes with a brief description of the activities of and contact information for the ASGE. The brochure is also available in Spanish.

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Food Allergies. IN: Buchman, A., ed. Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Incorporated. 2006. pp 97-108.

This chapter about food allergies is from a comprehensive textbook that compiles available data, clinical experience, and research on the role of nutrition in the management of patients with disorders that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The authors describe the problem when food proteins, although indispensable for life, become harmful when recognized by the immune system as foreign antigens. When this happens, food proteins trigger an abnormal immune response and subsequently an inflammatory reaction, which can vary in extent and duration. Allergic reactions to food frequently occur in early childhood and disappear spontaneously within the first 4 to 6 years of life. The authors define adverse reactions to food (ARF), noting that they are caused by a variety of mechanisms, with only about a third of the reactions in children and 10 percent of those in adults being due to an abnormal immunological reaction to food. The chapter reviews the cellular and molecular mechanisms of food allergy; the biochemistry of food allergens; the clinical classification of food allergy, notably non-GI manifestations, GI manifestations, latex-food allergy syndrome, food protein enteropathy and food protein enterocolitis or proctitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); nonimmune ARF, including pseudoallergic and pharmacologic reactions, lactose intolerance, psychological intolerance, and physiological food intolerance; and diagnosis and treatment strategies. The authors conclude with a brief discussion of a new understanding of the role of innate defense systems and the gut microflora, which have opened exciting new therapeutic options such as the use of probiotic bacteria for treatment and prevention of food allergy. 3 tables. 95 references.

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How Can We Predict Prognosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?. Jewell, D.P.; Warren, B.F.; Mortensen, N.J., eds. Challenges in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, Inc. 2001. p.269-284.

Patients who have recently been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will have many questions for their physicians regarding the clinical course and prognosis of their disease. This chapter on prognosis is from a book that offers an approach to the subject of IBD that highlights current areas of controversy. The authors review the literature concerning the clinical course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and how physicians can predict prognosis. Topics include prognosis following the first attack of ulcerative colitis, risk for relapse, the need for colectomy, the risk of progression of proctitis and proctosigmoiditis to more extensive disease, relapse of specific Crohn's disease patterns, the need for surgery, the role of smoking, and the role of oral contraceptives. 3 tables. 95 references.

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Ulcerative Colitis: A Rational Approach to Management. Consultant. 41(4): 541-548. April 1, 2001.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease can manifest as proctitis or proctosigmoiditis, left sided colitoss, or pancolitis. This article offers a rational approach to the management of patients with UC. Frequent low volume bowel movements, urgency, rectal bleeding, and tenesmus (ineffective spasms of the rectum) alone suggest proctitis. Prostration, fever, tachycardia (racing heartbeat), dehydration, and complications of blood loss (which may or may not be accompanied by symptoms of proctitis) suggest more severe disease or more extensive bowel involvement. For patients with mild to moderate disease, mesalamine is recommended to induce and maintain remission. Systemic corticosteroids can induce remission in patients with moderate to severe disease but are not useful for maintenance therapy. Azathioprine or 6 mercaptopurine can be used to wean patients with moderate to severe colitis from corticosteroids and to maintain remission. If severe colitis does not respond to corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy or colectomy may be needed. Other indications for surgery include development of acute complications related to disease activity and chronic complications, such as dysplasia, carcinoma, recurrent hemorrhage, or growth retardation in children. Annual surveillance colonoscopy with biopsy is recommended for patients with pancolitis and left sided colitis.

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Problematic Proctitis and Distal Colitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 20 (Suppl 4): 93-96. October 2004.

The goal of treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC, a type of inflammatory bowel disease) is the induction and maintenance of remission of symptoms and mucosal inflammation. About two-thirds of patients with ulcerative colitis have an inflammatory involvement distal to the splenic flexure, and therefore may be effectively treated with topical treatment (administered through the rectum). This allows the delivery of the active drug directly to the site of inflammation and limits systemic absorption and potential side-effects. Topical aminosalicylate therapy is the most effective approach, and most patients will benefit hugely, provided that the formulation reaches the upper extent of the disease. This article outlines this type of treatment and also reviews the management of problematic proctitis. The author cautions that oral aminosalicylates are less effective than topical therapies; however, a combination of oral and topical aminosalicylates can be successful in refractory patients. Alternatives to aminosalicylates are the new glucocorticoids, budesonide and beclometasone dipropionate, either as enemas or oral formulations (only beclometasone dipropionate). Additional treatments include oral steroids, short-chain fatty acid enemas, nicotine enemas and patches, acetarsol suppositories, cyclosporin enemas, and epidermal growth factor enemas. The factors that can prevent a positive therapeutic response include concurrent enteric pathogens, coexistent irritable bowel syndrome, patient nonadherence to therapy, inadequate dosing and duration of therapy, and proximal progression of the disease. The author concludes that surgical colectomy may be required in those rare patients refractory or intolerant to pharmacotherapy. 36 references.

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Clinical Features, Course, and Laboratory Findings in Ulcerative Colitis. In: Lichtenstein, G.R. The Clinician's Guide to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated. 2003. p. 27-39.

Although the term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes a wide range of inflammatory states, it generally refers to ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. This chapter is from a handbook that presents an up to date guide on selected topics in IBD, focusing on those clinically important areas that have undergone recent changes or discoveries. In this chapter, the authors discuss the clinical features, course, and laboratory findings in ulcerative colitis (UC). Written in an outline format for ease of access, the chapter covers an assessment of disease severity, classification systems, ulcerative proctitis, and ulcerative colitis. Each of the latter two sections covers symptoms, physical examination, laboratory features, and expected clinical course. The section on UC also considers extraintestinal manifestations. 4 tables. 19 references.

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Gastroenterology. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2003. 623 p.

This book on gastroenterology is from a series that provides the latest on evaluation, diagnosis, management, outcomes and prevention. The book offers concise, action-oriented recommendations for primary care medicine. It includes MediFiles (sections) on acute appendicitis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, celiac disease, cholecystitis, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, diverticular disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults, hemorrhoids, alcoholic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, femoral and inguinal hernia, irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, acute peritonitis, proctitis, pseudomembranous colitis, pyloric stenosis, rectal malignancy, and ulcerative colitis. Each MediFile covers summary information and background on the condition, and comprehensive information on diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and prevention. Each section concludes with a list of resources.

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Inflammatory Diseases of the Colon, Rectum, Anus, and Perianal Region. In: Stein, E. Anorectal and Colon Diseases: Textbook and Color Atlas of Proctology. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. 2003. p. 335-398.

This chapter on inflammatory diseases of the colon, rectum, anus, and perianal region is from a multidisciplinary reference book and atlas that covers all aspects of anorectal and colon disease (proctology). Topics include Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, ischemic (lack of blood flow) colitis, collagenous colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), colitis cystica profunda, solitary rectal ulcer, diverticulosis and diverticulitis, and radiation proctitis. In each section, the author considers etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. The chapter includes full-color and black-and-white illustrations and photographs, to support the heavily-visual aspects of proctology. Each section concludes with a list of references. 42 figures. 12 tables. 444 references.

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Proctitis. In: PDxMD. PDxMD Gastroenterology. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2003. p. 489-508.

Proctitis is a relatively common condition characterized by bleeding and mucus from the rectum. Proctitis may be associated with ulcerative colitis or due to a sexually transmitted pathogen (Neisseria gonnorrhoea, herpes simplex virus). This chapter on proctitis is from a book on gastroenterology that offers concise, action-oriented recommendations for primary care medicine. The chapter covers summary information and background on the condition, and comprehensive information on diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and prevention. Specific topics covered include the ICD9 code, urgent action, synonyms, cardinal features, causes (etiology), epidemiology, differential diagnosis, signs and symptoms, associated disorders, investigation of the patient, appropriate referrals and consultations, diagnostic considerations, clinical tips, treatment options, patient management issues, drug therapies, prognosis, complications, and how to prevent recurrence. The information is provided in outline and bulleted format for ease of accessibility. The final section of the chapter offers resources, including related associations, key references, and the answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs). 10 references.

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