To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Sexual Abuse-Specific Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (SAS-CBT) vs nondirective supportive therapy (NST) in decreasing symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following recent sexual abuse.

Child sexual abuse is a common experience that has serious mental health consequences, including the development of PTSD and other abuse-related and general psychopathological symptoms.

Patients are randomly assigned to receive either SAS-CBT or NST at each of two sites, and will be provided with 12 weeks of individual therapy for children and parents. Treatment is monitored for compliance with the respective treatment models through intensive supervision, audiotaping of sessions, rating of sessions with use of adherence checklists, and independent blind rating of audiotapes. Treatment outcome is evaluated through the use of several self-, parent-, and teacher-report standardized instruments, administered at pre- and post-treatment, and follow-up evaluations at 6 and 12 months. The project also assesses differential treatment impact by gender and ethnicity, and attempts to evaluate the impact of specific components of the treatment process in mediating treatment outcome. Specifically, the project evaluates the differential effectiveness of the two treatment modalities in improving the subject's abuse-related attributions and perceptions, parenting practices, familial adaptability and cohesiveness, parent support, and parental emotional reaction to the abuse, and the impact of improving these variables on treatment outcome.