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Rapid Gastric Emptying. Bethesda, MD: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. 2p.

This fact sheet describes rapid gastric emptying, also called dumping syndrome, which occurs when undigested food empties too quickly into the small intestine. The fact sheet reviews the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of rapid gastric emptying. Early rapid gastric emptying begins either during or right after a meal. Symptoms of this type include nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramping, diarrhea, dizziness, and fatigue. Late rapid gastric emptying occurs 1 to 3 hours after eating; symptoms of this type include hypoglycemia, also called low blood glucose; weakness; sweating; and dizziness. Rapid gastric emptying can occur in people who have undergone stomach surgery such as fundoplication or gastric bypass. The condition is also seen in people with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Treatment includes changes in eating habits and medication. People who have rapid gastric emptying should eat several, small, low-carbohydrate meals a day and drink liquids between meals, not with meals. Readers are referred to two databases for additional information: the NIDDK Reference Collection at www.catalog.niddk.nih.gov/resources and Medline Plus at www.medlineplus.gov. A final section offers a brief description of the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), a Federal Government agency that provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and their families, health care professionals, and the public.

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Dietary Nutritional Recommendations for Patients with Dumping Syndrome (Rapid Gastric Emptying). Digestive Health Matters. 15(02): 15 p. Summer 2006.

This article presents dietary and nutritional recommendations for patients who are coping with dumping syndrome, or rapid gastric emptying. Dumping syndrome is a collection of symptoms that occur when food is emptied too quickly from the stomach, filling the small intestine with undigested food that is not adequately prepared to permit efficient absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Dumping syndrome is most common in patients who have undergone gastrectomy, the surgical removal of part or all of the stomach. The author reviews the symptoms and diagnosis of the condition and notes that dietary therapy is usually the initial line of treatment. Guidelines include eating smaller, more frequent meals; choosing foods that are already less solid, such as hamburger rather than steak; limiting fluid consumption during meals; avoiding nutrient-rich drinks; eating fewer simple sugars; eating more complex carbohydrates and foods high in soluble fiber; increasing the amount of dietary fats and protein; and trying lactose-free milk. The author emphasizes that most patients have relatively mild symptoms and respond well to dietary changes. A brief final section reviews some of the medications that may also be recommended for patients with rapid gastric emptying.

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Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility and Emptying After Gastric Operations. In: Kelly, K.A.; Sarr, M.G.; Hinder, R.A., eds. Mayo Clinic Gastrointestinal Surgery. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science. 2004. p. 127-138.

Although fewer gastric (stomach) operations are being done and with fewer morbid procedures being used when operative treatment is necessary, surgery is still sometimes being used to treat peptic ulcer, especially to manage the acute complications of the disease. Also, subtotal or total gastrectomy (removal of the stomach) continues to be required for patients who have resectable stomach cancer. These gastric operations are associated with postoperative morbidity, often in derangements in the pattern of gastrointestinal motility and emptying. This chapter on disorders of gastrointestinal motility and emptying after gastric operations is from a book that focuses on the major diseases treated by gastrointestinal surgeons, from the esophagus to the anal canal. The presentation has a definite clinical orientation and a major emphasis on practical applications as they are applied at the Mayo Clinic. The authors of this chapter discuss the different problems associated with different surgical techniques, slow gastric emptying, rapid gastric emptying, dumping, diarrhea, diagnostic considerations, medical and dietary interventions, preoperative considerations, operative treatment of postoperative disorders, and prevention strategies. The chapter is illustrated with line drawings. 4 figures. 2 tables. 32 references.

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Disorders of Gastric Emptying. In: Textbook of Gastroenterology. 4th ed. [2-volume set]. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2003. p. 1292-1320.

This chapter on disorders of gastric emptying is from a lengthy, two-volume textbook that integrates the various demands of science, technology, expanding information, good judgment, and common sense into the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal patients. Gastric motility disorders include delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis), rapid gastric emptying (as seen in dumping syndrome), and disorders with motor and sensory abnormalities (e.g., functional dyspepsia). Each disorder can present with a spectrum of symptoms that may be mild, leading to empiric treatment, or severe and incapacitating. Evaluation may guide treatments that target the underlying pathophysiology. Management of these patients requires an understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical tests, and new treatment options. 3 figures. 6 tables. 312 references.

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Current Role of Surgery in Peptic Ulcer Disease. In: Feldman, M.; Friedman, L.S.; Sleisenger, M.H. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 7th ed. [2-volume set]. St. Louis, MO: Saunders. 2002. p. 797-809.

Effective medical treatment of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and improved techniques of controlling upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage (bleeding) nonoperatively have greatly limited the role of surgery in PUD. This chapter on the current role of surgery in PUD is from a comprehensive and authoritative textbook that covers disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tree, pancreas, and liver, as well as the related topics of nutrition and peritoneal disorders. Topics include the historical basis for the surgical treatment of PUD, the physiological basis for peptic ulcer surgery, operations for duodenal ulcer, Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, operations for benign gastric (stomach) ulcer, early and late postoperative, disorders associated with delayed gastric emptying and gastric stasis, bile (alkaline) reflux gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, syndromes associated with rapid gastric emptying, and current controversies on the role of surgery in peptic ulcer disease. The chapter includes a mini-outline with page citations, full-color illustrations, and extensive references. 12 figures. 2 tables. 77 references.

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Mini Guides. Practical Gastroenterology. 26(5): 81-84. May 2002.

This section of a professional journal of gastroenterology offers mini-guides on some gastroenterological conditions, including intestinal pseudo-obstruction, Barrett esophagus, rapid gastric emptying, Hirschsprung disease, short bowel syndrome, NSAID (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) and peptic ulcers, and primary biliary cirrhosis. For each condition, the author defines the illness, describes the symptoms, considers the etiology (cause), lists the diagnostic tests used to confirm the condition, and briefly reviews treatment options. When available, the article notes the contact information for any related support group or resource organizations. These guides are designed to be photocopied and distributed to patients by their physicians.

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Digestive Diseases and Disorders Sourcebook. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics. 2000. 300 p.

This sourcebook provides basic information for the layperson about common disorders of the upper and lower digestive tract. The sourcebook also includes information about medications and recommendations for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. The book's 40 chapters are arranged in three major parts. The first section, Maintaining a Healthy Digestive Tract, offers basic information about the digestive system and digestive diseases, information about tests and treatments, and recommendations for maintaining a healthy digestive system. The second section, Digestive Diseases and Functional Disorders, describes nearly 40 different diseases and disorders affecting the digestive system. These include appendicitis, bleeding in the digestive tract, celiac disease, colostomy, constipation, constipation in children, Crohn's disease, cyclic vomiting syndrome, diarrhea, diverticulosis and diverticulitis, gallstones, gas in the digestive tract, heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease), hemorrhoids, hernias, Hirschsprung's disease, ileostomy, indigestion (dyspepsia), intestinal pseudo-obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), IBS in children, lactose intolerance, Menetrier's disease, rapid gastric emptying, short bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, ulcers, Whipple's disease, and Zollinger Ellison syndrome. The final section offers a glossary of terms, a subject index and a directory of digestive diseases organizations (which includes website and email addresses as available). Material in the book was collected from a wide range of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and periodicals.

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