Opening the Genomic Era: An Overview of The Division of Extramural Research
Genomic Research began with The Human Genome Project (HGP), the international research effort that determined the DNA sequence of the entire human genome, completed in April 2003. Contributors to the HGP included the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which began participation in the HGP in 1988 and created the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in 1993; the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), where discussions of the HGP began as early as 1984; numerous universities, research institutions and companies throughout the United States; and many international partners, including those in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan and China.
As initially proposed by the Committee on Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome, National Research Council in its report Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome, the HGP also included efforts to characterize and sequence the entire genomes of several other organisms, many of which are used extensively in biological research. Identification of the sequence or function of genes in a model organism is an important approach to finding and elucidating the function of human genes.
With the essential completion of the human genomic DNA sequence, all of the original goals of the HGP have been met and several have been exceeded. These accomplishments required the development and improvement of novel technologies, and an active program to support technology development. Advanced methodologies for widely disseminating the information generated by the HGP to scientists, physicians and others are also necessary in order to ensure the most rapid application of research results for the benefit of humanity. Also integral to the HGP was support for training scientists who now use HGP tools and resources to perform research that will improve human health.
Another major component of the HGP was the momentous implications for individuals and society through the detailed genetic information made possible by the HGP have been recognized since the outset. Another major component of the HGP is therefore devoted to analysis of the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of our newfound genetic knowledge, and the subsequent development of policy options for public consideration.
Completion of the HGP has opened the 'Genomic Era' in biomedical research, and continuation of a vigorous program of genomic research will be necessary to take full advantage of the historical achievements of the HGP. NHGRI's Division of Extramural Research (DER) is charged with supporting and managing the role of NHGRI, and advising the broader NIH, in the area of genomic research. In conjunction with the interested scientific community, the DER develops the scientific agenda and priorities for genomic research. In turn, the Institute receives advice from the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research (NACHGR) and other interested members of the scientific community.
Last Reviewed: October 14, 2008
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