Other Risk Factors
Interdisciplinary Case-Control Study of Bladder Cancer in Spain
This large interdisciplinary case-control study of bladder cancer (1,500 cases and 1,500 controls) is being conducted in 21 hospitals from five different regions in Spain. It is a collaborative effort between NCI investigators and the investigators of Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica in Barcelona, Spain. A computer-aided personal interview (CAPI) system has been developed to collect detailed information on black cf blond tobacco, occupational and environmental exposures, medical history and drug use, family history and diet. Blood collection and processing have been started for measuring genetic susceptibility markers such as CYP1A1, NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1, DNA repair capacity, and mutagen sensitivity. The questionnaire and the protocol have been evaluated by the DCEG committees on Technical Evaluation of Questionnaires and Technical Evaluation of Protocols. A training session to the interviewers and hospitals supervisors has been conducted and the full scale two-year data collection has been started in September 1998. More information, Debra Silverman, Nathaniel Rothman, and Ken Cantor
Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovary Prospective Study
A large cohort study of etiologic determinants of cancer is being carried out within an NCI trial for the evaluation of screening procedures for the early detection of prostate, lung, colon, and ovarian cancer (The PLCO Trial) at 10 U.S. screening centers. The 74,000 screening arm participants in the Trial will be examined over a four-year period and then followed for cancer occurrence for an additional 10 years through annual follow-up mailings. At each screening examination, biologic samples are collected. Because of the prospective design, screening examinations, and sequential pre-diagnostic blood sample collections, it will be possible to relate temporal changes in biomarkers to the development of cancer in this cohort. Initial studies are focusing on genetic and environmental determinants of adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer. Studies of cancer at other sites are also planned. More information, Richard Hayes
Case-Control Studies of Multiple Myeloma and Cancers of the Pancreas and Prostate among Blacks and Whites in the United States
U.S. blacks are at greater risk for these diseases than whites. The NCI and collaborators in New Jersey, Detroit, and Atlanta carried out a large-scale investigation to identify risk factors for these diseases among blacks and whites resident in these areas. Data have been collected from more than 2,000 cases (multiple myeloma, 587; pancreas 527; prostate, 1,000) and 2,100 controls approximately equally divided between blacks and whites. Investigators have studied the role of antigenic stimulation in the etiology of multiple myeloma, tobacco and alcohol use and family history in the etiology of prostate cancer, and tobacco and alcohol use in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. Efforts continue to evaluate other potential risk factors, including dietary and nutritional factors, viruses, medical conditions, socioeconomic status, and occupational exposures. More information, Richard Hayes, Dalsu Baris, and Debra Silverman
Case-Control Studies of Stomach Cancer in the United States, Poland, and Mexico
A multicenter (Columbia University, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Yale University) population-based collaborative case-control study is underway to identify risk factors that may contribute to the rapidly rising incidence rates of adenocarcinomas of esophagus and stomach in the United States. Factors being evaluated include tobacco and alcohol use, medicinal and weight histories, use of selected medications, diet, family history of cancer and lifetime occupational history. A population-based case-control study of stomach cancer is also underway in Warsaw and Lodz, Poland, to examine reasons for the high incidence rates in that country, which are among the highest in Europe. A case-control study in three areas in Mexico was conducted to investigate the consumption of chili peppers and other dietary factors on the risk of stomach cancer. More information, Mary Ward and Wong-Ho Chow
Case-Control Studies of Cancers of the Digestive Tract in Shanghai
Data from two population-based case-control studies in urban Shanghai are under analysis. Included in the study are cancers of the esophagus, colon, rectum, and pancreas (overall 3168 cases and 1552 controls) and stomach (1124 cases and 1451 controls). Factors being evaluated include tobacco and alcohol use, diet, physical activity and various occupational exposures. More information, Wong-Ho Chow and Bu-Tian Ji
Case-Control Study of Renal Cell Cancer among Caucasians and African Americans in the U.S.
This population-based case-control study is being conducted in the metropolitan areas of Detroit and Chicago in collaboration with Wayne State University and the University of Illinois at Chicago. The study will evaluate risk factors for renal cell cancer and examine why rates of this disease have been increasing, particularly among African Americans. Over a four-year period, we will interview and collect saliva and blood samples from 2,100 cases and 2,800 controls; tumor tissue blocks, diagnostic slides, and medical records will be collected from cases. Factors being evaluated include hypertension and other medical conditions, medications use, obesity and weight fluctuation, occupational exposures, diet, and physical activity. More information, Wong-Ho Chow and Joanne Colt
