BALANCE

2008

Dizziness and Balance Disturbances
Author: House Ear Institute.
Source: Los Angeles, CA:  House Ear Institute.  2008.      1 p.
Availability: Available from the House Ear Institute.  2100 West Third Street, Los Angeles, CA 90057-1922.  (800) 388-8612.  (213) 483-4431.  Fax:  (213) 483-8789.  E-mail:  info@hei.org.  Web site:  http://www.hei.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet provides an overview of dizziness and balance disturbances.  Although dizziness describes many different sensations, including vertigo, lightheadedness, and motion sickness, these are symptoms and not a disease.  Common causes of dizziness symptoms include allergies, metabolic disturbances, head trauma, or a disturbance of the balance mechanism in the inner ear.  Other causes of dizziness that are less common include inner ear disease, Ménière’s disease, cochlear hydrops, acoustic tumors, or drug ototoxicity.  Treatment options include taking medications such as diuretics, vasodilators, antihistamines, steroidal and anti-inflammatory medicines, and sedatives; undergoing allergy treatment; and using diet therapy.  Research on inner ear fluid pressure changes is being undertaken that may provide possible avenues for future therapies.  
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Dizziness.  Symptoms.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Therapy.  Research.

Does the Surgical Approach in Cochlear Implantation Influence the Occurrence of Postoperative Vertigo?
Authors: Todt, I., Basta, D., Ernst, A.
Source: Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.  138(1):8-12.  January 2008.
Availability: Correspondence to Dr. Ingo Todt, Hospital of the University of Berlin, Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, Warener Str. 7, D-12683 Berlin, Germany.  E-mail:  Ingo.Todt@ukb.de.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article describes a retrospective cohort study that investigated the impact of different cochleostomy techniques on vestibular receptor integrity and vertigo after cochlear implantation.  Participants were 62 patients aged 17 to 84 years who underwent implantation via an anterior or round window insertion approach.  Two groups of cochlear implant patients were compared with respect to their pre- and postoperative vestibular function and the occurrence of postoperative vertigo.  Data were related to the different cochleostomy techniques.  The patients were tested by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire, caloric irrigation (vestibulo-ocular reflex) for the function of the lateral SCC, and by vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) recordings for saccular function.  Significant differences of postoperative VEMP responses and electronystagmography results were found with respect to the two different insertion techniques.  The number of patients with vertigo after the surgery as evidenced by DHI was significantly different.  The round window approach for electrode insertion is preferable to decrease the risk of loss of vestibular function and the occurrence of vertigo.   2 figures.  22 references.  (AA-M).
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Dizziness.  Vertigo.  Cochlear Implants.  Surgery.  Surgical Techniques.  Postoperative Complications.  Clinical Research.

Effect of Dissemination of Evidence in Reducing Injuries from Falls
Source: New England Journal of Medicine.  359(3):252-261.  July 17, 2008.
Availability: Reprints available from Dr. Mary E. Tinetti, 333 Cedar Street, P. O. Box 208025, New Haven, CT  06520-8025.  E-mail:  marytinetti@yale.edu.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article describes a study that compared the rates of serious fall-related injuries and the fall-related use of medical services in a region of Connecticut where clinicians had been exposed to interventions to change clinical practice (intervention region) and in a region where clinicians had not been exposed to such interventions (usual-care region).  The interventions encouraged primary care clinicians and staff members involved in home care, outpatient rehabilitation, and senior centers to adopt effective risk assessments and strategies for the prevention of falls, for example, medication reduction and balance and gait training.  The outcomes were rates of serious fall-related injuries such as hip and other fractures, head injuries, and joint dislocations and fall-related use of medical services per 1,000 person-years among persons who were 70 years of age or older.  The interventions occurred from 2001 to 2004, and the evaluations took place from 2004 to 2006.  Before the interventions, the adjusted rates of serious fall-related injuries were 31.2 in the usual-care region and 31.9 in the intervention region.  During the evaluation period, the adjusted rates were 31.4 and 28.6, respectively.  Between the preintervention period and the evaluation period, the rate of fall-related use of medical services increased from 68.1 to 83.3 per 1,000 person-years in the usual-care region and from 70.7 to 74.2 in the intervention region.  The percentages of clinicians who received intervention visits ranged from 62 percent to 100 percent.  Dissemination of evidence about fall prevention, coupled with interventions to change clinical practice, may reduce fall-related injuries in elderly persons.  3 figures.  2 tables.  45 references.  (AA-M).
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Aged.  Falls.  Intervention.  Prevention.  Research.

NIDCD and Your Research Career
Author: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
Source: Bethesda, MD: NIDCD. 2008. 12 p.
Availability: Available from NIDCD Information Clearinghouse. One Communication Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-3456. (800) 241-1044. TTY: (800) 241-1055. Fax: (301) 907-8830. E-mail: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov. Web site: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This publication describes specific research training opportunities available in more than two dozen disciplines. These opportunities encompass basic, clinical and translational research.
Subject Category:  Speech. Language. Voice. Hearing. Taste. Smell. Balance.
Descriptors:  Research Training. Grants and Funding Opportunities. Deafness. Communication Disorders. Information Resources. Organizations. Professional Organizations. Voluntary Organizations. Advocacy. Speech Language Pathology. Otolaryngology. Sensory Disabilities. Hearing Loss. Conferences. Voice Disorders.

Practice Parameter:  Simple Maneuver Is Best Therapy for Common Form of Vertigo
Author: Mitka, M.
Source: Journal of the American Medical Association.  300(2):157-158.  July 9, 2008.
Availability: Available from the American Medical Association.  P. O. Box 10946, Chicago, IL 60610-0946.  (800) 262-2350.  (312) 670-7827.  E-mail:  ama-subs@ama-assn.org.  Web site:  http://jama.ama-assn.org/.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article describes an easy and quick method for treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which is the most common form of vertigo.  BPPV, which accounts for up to 30 percent of all vestibular presentations to dizziness clinics, is believed to be caused when calcium crystals in the inner ear break loose and migrate to the lumen of the posterior semicircular canal.  These crystals cause abnormal stimulation of cells that signal the sensation of movement and the position of the head.  The Dix-Hallpike maneuver normally is used to diagnosis BPPV, and once diagnosis is confirmed, the Epley maneuver can be used to treat BPPV.  This maneuver involves repositioning the head to use gravity to draw the crystals from the posterior semicircular canal to the vestibule, were they are absorbed.  General practice physicians could be trained to diagnose BPPV and perform the Epley maneuver.  1 figure.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Therapy.  Treatment Efficacy.  Patient Care Management.

Treatment Options for Ménière’s Disease
Author: Gates, G. A.
Source: Hearing Health.  25(1):36-39.  Spring 2008.
Availability: Available from the Deafness Research Foundation.  P. O. Box 76421, Baltimore, MD 21275-5421.  E-mail:  info@drf.org.  Web site: http://www.drf.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article discusses nonsurgical and surgical treatment options for Ménière’s disease.  This disease, most common among people aged 40 to 60 years, is characterized by the cluster of the following symptoms in recurrent episodes:  spontaneous vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the affected ear.  The cause of Ménière’s disease is unknown, but the pattern of onset suggests that it is an acquired disorder.  The volume regulation of the inner ear fluid is affected, which leads to increased volume.  Medical treatments used to prevent attacks of Ménière’s disease include reducing dietary intake of salt, using a diuretic agent, understanding the natural history of Ménière’s disease, and using the Meniett device.  Surgical options are available for people with severe and intractable vertigo, including chemical ablation of the abnormal balance function in the diseased ear with gentamicin injections, labyrinthectomy, and vestibular nerve section.  The article includes a personal account of someone living with Ménière’s disease.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Ménière’s Disease.  Endolymphatic Hydrops.  Symptoms.  Hearing Loss.  Vertigo.  Tinnitus.  Diet Therapy.  Surgery.

2007

2008-2009 Resources Directory
Author: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIDCD.
Source: Bethesda, MD: NIDCD.  December 2007.  154 p.
Availability: Available from NIDCD Information Clearinghouse.  1 Communication Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-3456.  (800) 241-1044.  TTY:  (800) 241-1055.    Fax:  (301) 770-8977.  E-mail:  nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov.
Web site:  http://www.nidcd.nih.gov.  PRICE: Single copy free. NIH Publication No. 07-3897.
Language: English.
Abstract: This directory is designed to encourage networking among individuals and organizations that have an interest in deafness and other communication disorders. The main body of the directory includes organizations that are national in scope and that focus on health issues relating to hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language. Each organization's entry lists the name of the organization; administrators; address; telephone, TTY and Fax numbers; E-mail address and URL; a brief description of the organization; and a list of any publications the organization produces. An appendix lists organizations with a broader focus (i.e., disability issues, special education) that also encompass communication disorders. An index by organization name is also provided. A searchable version of the directory is available at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/directory/index.asp.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance. Taste. Smell. Voice. Speech. Language.
Descriptors:  Deafness. Communication Disorders. Information Resources. Organizations.  Professional Organizations. Voluntary Organizations. Advocacy. Speech Language Pathology. Otolaryngology. Sensory Disabilities. Hearing Loss. Conferences. Voice Disorders.

Assessment and Management of the Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury and Vestibular Dysfunction
Author: Shumway-Cook, A.
Source: In:  Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition.  Herdman S. J.  Philadelphia, PA.  F. A. Davis Company.  2007.  pp. 444-457.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book that provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders discusses the vestibular disorders associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI).  Between 30 percent and 65 percent of patients with TBI experience symptoms of traumatic vestibular pathology at some point in their recovery, and symptoms vary according to the type and extent of injuries to both vestibular and central neural structures.  Mechanisms of head trauma-induced dizziness include concussion, fractures, and central vestibular lesions.  Vestibular rehabilitation is used to assess and treat symptoms of vestibular system pathology.  The chapter discusses clinical strategies for assessing and treating vertigo, eye-head coordination problems, and postural dyscontrol.  The chapter includes case studies.  3 figures.  1 table.  52 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Balance.  Brain Trauma.  Posture.  Assessment.  Patient Care Management.  Therapy.  Rehabilitation.

Audiologic Findings in Vestibular Toxicity
Author: Handelsman, J. A.
Source: In:  Pharmacology and Ototoxicity for Audiologists.  Campbell, K. C. M.  Clifton Park, NY:  Thomson Delmar Learning.  2007.   pp. 272-300.
Availability: Available from Thomson Delmar Learning.  Order Fulfillment, P. O. Box 6904, Florence, KY 41022.  (800) 347-7707.  Fax: (800) 487-8488. Web site: http://www.delmarlearning.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book on pharmacology and ototoxicity for audiologists discusses the audiological management of vestibular toxicity.  The chapter begins with a discussion of the clinical features of vestibular toxicity and the bedside and laboratory tests that can be used to monitor vestibular function.  Bedside tests include inquiry about and consideration of patients’ subjective complaints, head-shaking nystagmus, head thrust testing, dynamic visual acuity testing, and postural control tests.  Laboratory tests include electronystagmography, videonystagmography, rotational testing, dynamic posturography, tests of auditory function, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.  The chapter continues with a review of the experimental evidence of the impact of various toxic agents on the vestibular system. It also provides case examples to illustrate the variable presentation of vestibular toxicity and its relationship to auditory changes.  The chapter closes with suggestions for monitoring vestibular system function in patients who are exposed to potentially toxic agents.  6 figures.  1 table.  15 references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Audiology.  Audiological System.  Vestibular System.  Vestibular Disorders.  Ototoxicity.  Hearing Loss.  Symptoms.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.  Nystagmus.  Patient Care Management.

Balancing Act:  Optimize Care for Children with Hearing and Vestibular Deficits
Author: DelRosario, G.
Source: Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists.  17(32):10-11.  August 6, 2007.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc.  2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956.  (800) 355-5627.  (610) 278-1400.  E-mail: advance@merion.com.  Web site:  http://speech-language-pathology-audiology.advanceWeb.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article discusses the need to deal with subtle, often overlooked deficits that a child with hearing deficit might have.  A common deficit is vestibular dysfunction.  Although the majority of children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing have a vestibular system that functions less than optimally, this common problem is addressed very rarely.  The vestibular sense, which orients a person to the environment and allows him or her to process the information received from the other senses, is among the oldest of the senses in evolutionary terms but remains among the most poorly understood.  Children with a poor vestibular system may have delayed visual maturation, moderately low muscle tone, reflux, seizures, and delayed disappearance of newborn reflexes.  The cause of hearing loss is a factor in determining whether a child is likely also to have vestibular deficits.  Such causes include any congenital malformation affecting the semicircular canals, Usher syndrome Type 1, infections, and medications.  Diagnostic tests for vestibular dysfunction may include rotary chair testing, imaging of the temporal bone, genetic testing, and an electroretinogram.  Treatment usually consists of strengthening both remaining function and compensatory mechanisms.  3 references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Children.  Hearing Loss.  Vestibular Disorders.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.  Therapy.

Chronic Dizziness and Unsteadiness
Authors: Bronstein, A., Lempert, T.
Source: In:  Dizziness:  A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management.  Bronstein, A., Lempert, T.  New York, NY.  Cambridge University Press.  2007.  pp. 157-171.
Availability: Available from Cambridge University Press.  32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473.  (212) 924-3900.  Fax:  (212) 691-3239.  E-mail:  newyork@cambridge.org.  Web site:  http://www.cambridge.org/us.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book on the diagnosis and management of dizziness focuses on chronic dizziness and unsteadiness.  The chapter begins with a table that presents an approach to managing the patient with chronic dizziness.  This is followed by a discussion of specific syndromes of patients with chronic dizziness, including visual vertigo, motorist disorientation syndrome, psychogenic syndromes, chronic migrainous vertigo, and late-stage Ménière’s disease.  The chapter continues with a discussion of the causes of progressive disequilibrium, including bilateral loss of vestibular function and neurological disorders.  The chapter concludes with suggestions for managing the chronic dizzy patient and for handling difficult clinical situations.  2 tables.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Dizziness.  Symptoms.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Patient Care Management.  Therapy.

Comparison of Horizontal and Vertical Dynamic Visual Acuity in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction and Nonvestibular Dizziness
Authors: Roberts, R. A., Gans, R. E.
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Audiology.  18(3):236-244.  March 2007.
Availability: Available from the American Academy of Audiology.  11730 Plaza America Drive, Suite 300, Reston, VA 20190.  (800) AAA-2336.  (703) 790-8466.  Fax:  (703) 790-8631.  Web site:  http://www.audiology.org/.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article describes a study that compared performance on a dynamic visual acuity (DVA) task using horizontal and vertical volitional head movement.  Blurred vision with head movement is a common symptom reported by patients with vestibular dysfunction affecting the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR).  Impaired VOR can be measured by comparing visual acuity in which there is no head movement to visual acuity obtained with head movement.  A previous study demonstrated that DVA testing using vertical head movement revealed deficits in impaired VOR.  There is evidence that horizontal head movement is more sensitive to impaired VOR.  In the current study, horizontal and vertical DVA were investigated in participants with normal vestibular function (NVF) or impaired vestibular function (IVF) and in participants with nonvestibular dizziness (NVD).  Participants performed the visual acuity task in a baseline condition with no movement and in the dynamic conditions of horizontal head movement and vertical head movement.  Horizontal DVA was twice as sensitive to impaired VOR as was vertical DVA.  Results suggest that horizontal volitional head movement should be incorporated into tasks measuring functional deficits of impaired VOR.  3 figures.  3 tables.  14 references.  (AA-M).
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Vestibular Disorders.  Visual Impairment.  Dizziness.  Balance.  Assessment.  Research.

Dizziness:  A Practical Approach To Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Bronstein, A., Lempert, T.
Source: New York, NY:  Cambridge University Press.   2007.  235 p.
Availability: Available from Cambridge University Press.  32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473.  (212) 924-3900.  Fax:  (212) 691-3239.  E-mail:  newyork@cambridge.org.  Web site:  http://www.cambridge.org/us.  Order via online catalog:
http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521837910.PRICE: $79.  ISBN:  0-521-83791-X.
Language: English.
Abstract: This book, written for the nonexpert doctor who sees dizzy patients, provides a practical approach to the differential diagnosis and treatment of dizziness.  The book begins with two introductory chapters on the anatomy and functions of the vestibular system and clinical assessment of the dizzy patient.  This is followed by chapters that focus on a specific dizziness problem, including a single episode of prolonged vertigo; recurrent vertigo and dizziness; positional vertigo; chronic dizziness and unsteadiness; and dizziness, imbalance, and falls in the elderly.  Each clinical chapter begins with a table listing various disorders and their key features.  This is followed by text organized in the same sequence as the table.  Each chapter concludes with suggestions for managing difficult clinical situations.  The final chapter discusses general aspects of treating the dizzy patient.  A CD-ROM accompanying the book demonstrates the clinical examination, the diagnostic and therapeutic positioning maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and exercises for vestibular rehabilitation.  In addition, it provides examples of common clinical findings.  39 figures.  54 tables.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Dizziness.  Vestibular System.  Anatomy.  Physiology.  Eye Movements.  Symptoms.  Etiology.  Physical Examination.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.  Blood Pressure.  Ménière’s Disease.  Perilymph Fistula.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Patient Care Management.  Therapy.  Drug Therapy.  Surgery.

Endolymphatic Mastoid Shunt Versus Endolymphatic Sac Decompression for Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Brinson, G. M., Chen, D. A., Arriaga, M. A.
Source: Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.  136(3):415-421.  March 2007.
Availability: Reprints available from Dr. Douglas A. Chen, Pittsburgh Ear Associates, Suite 402, Pittsburgh, PA 15212.  E-mail:  pghear@aol.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article describes a study that compared the efficacy of endolymphatic mastoid shunt (EMS) versus endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) without sac incision for the treatment of Ménière’s disease.  The AAO-HNS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Therapy in Ménière’s disease were used to retrospectively identify suitable candidates for the study.  All patients who failed medical management and underwent either EMS (88 patients) or ESD (108 patients) were selected for review using the AAO-HNS guidelines.  The study was carried out at a tertiary care neurotology private practice.  EMS and ESD were equally effective in reducing the incidence and severity of vertigo attacks with significant improvement in 67 percent and 66 percent of patients, respectively.  The article concludes that both EMS and ESD are effective, nondestructive alternatives for patients who have failed medical management of Ménière’s disease with similar long-term hearing outcomes.  This is the only study within the same institution using AAO-HNS guidelines comparing EMS versus ESD.  2 figures.  5 tables.  22 references.  (AA-M).
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Ménière’s  Disease.  Vertigo.  Surgery.  Surgical Techniques.  Treatment Efficacy.  Research.

Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts and Childhood Hearing Loss
Author: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
Source: Bethesda, MD: NIDCD.  April 2007. 4 p.
Availability: Available from NIDCD Information Clearinghouse.  1 Communication Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-3456.  (800) 241-1044.  TTY:  (800) 241-1055.    Fax:  (301) 770-8977.  E-mail:  nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov.
Web site:  http://www.nidcd.nih.gov.  PRICE:  Free. Also available online.  NIH Publication No. 06-6053.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet uses a question-and-answer format to explain how enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVAs) are related to childhood hearing loss.  These narrow, bony canals travel from the inner ear to deep inside the skull, and they have a fluid-filled tube called the endolymphatic duct running through them.  If a vestibular aqueduct is enlarged, the endolymphatic duct and sac usually enlarge too.  Although research suggests that most children with EVAs will develop some degree of hearing loss, scientists do not think that EVA causes hearing loss.  EVA can be a symptom of a genetic disorder called Pendred syndrome, a cause of childhood hearing loss.  In addition, EVA may affect balance.  Although not all of the causes of EVA are understood, the most well-known cause of EVA and hearing loss is mutations to the SLC26A4 gene.  Diagnostic imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are often used to identify the cause of hearing loss.  There is no proven treatment for reducing hearing loss associated with EVA or in slowing its progression.  Early identification of hearing loss is the best way to reduce its effect.  Researchers at the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) are conducting a clinical trial to identify and understand the various factors that can lead to EVA and hearing loss.  The NIDCD can provide additional information on EVA and hearing loss.  1 figure.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Children.  Hearing Loss.  Sensorineural Hearing Loss.  Vestibular System.  Vestibular Disorders.  Balance.  Etiology.  Genetic Disorders.  Symptoms.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.

Essential Guide To Hearing and Balance Disorders
Authors: Ackley, R. S., Decker, T.  N., Limb, C. J., Eds.
Source: Mahwah, NJ.  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.  2007.  497 p.
Availability: Available from Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, 7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY 41042-2919.  (800) 634-7064.  Fax:  (800) 248-4724.  E-mail:  orders@taylorandfrancis.com.  Web site:  http://www.routledge.com.  PRICE: $59.95 plus shipping and handling.  ISBN-10:  0-8058-5894-6.  ISBN-13: 978-0-8058-5894-5.
Language: English.
Abstract: This book focuses on the medical aspects of hearing and balance disorders.  The book begins with a chapter that identifies the elements of the case history and provides an overview of basic hearing and balance assessment procedures.  This is followed by chapters that detail a specific topic area along the continuum of how medical personnel diagnose disorders of hearing and balance to how surgical implantation and rehabilitation can correct various conditions.  Chapter two describes medical diseases and disorders of the ear such as infectious and traumatic causes of otologic disease, inflammatory and autoimmune disease, neoplasms of the ear and temporal bone, and Bell’s palsy.  Chapter three discusses the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system and highlights clinical disorders of the vestibular system such as peripheral and central vestibular disorders.  The next chapter focuses on the genetics of syndromic and nonsyndromic deafness, explains the molecular basis of hearing and deafness, and considers social and ethical aspects of genetic deafness.  Chapter five discusses the evaluation and management of pediatric hearing loss, focusing on the anatomy and physiology of audition, the etiology of hearing loss such as syndromic and nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss and acquired hearing loss, audiologic assessment, and management options.  This is followed by chapters that address the issue of ototoxicity and explain the auditory electrophysiological assessment.  The book continues with chapters that provide specialized treatment and rehabilitative options for various disorders, focusing on cochlear implants, vestibular disorder treatments, hearing instrument fitting for infants and young children, and adult amplification.  The remaining chapters cover special topics such as models for preventing noise-induced hearing loss and hearing loss in later life.  The book concludes with pertinent case studies.  Numerous figures.  21 tables.  Numerous references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Ear.  Vestibular System.  Balance.  Anatomy.  Physiology.  Medical History.  Physical Examination.  Diagnostic Tests.  Infection.  Otitis Externa.  Otitis Media.  Otitis Media With Effusion.  Trauma.  Neoplasms.  Vestibular Disorders.  Deafness.  Etiology.  Genetics.  Heredity.  Acquired Deafness.  Ototoxicity.  Chemotherapy.  Drugs.  Cochlear Implants.  Patient Selection.  Patient Care Management.  Ménière’s Disease.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Hearing Aids.  Noise Induced Hearing Loss.  Hearing Conservation.  Prevention.  Case Studies.

Mal de Debarquement: An Unusual Balance Disorder
Author: Dancer, J.
Source: Advance for Audiologists.  9(4):65-67.  July/August 2007.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc.  2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956.  (800) 355-5627. (610) 278-1400.  E-mail: advance@merion.com.  Web site:  http://www.advanceWeb.com/aud.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article describes a little known or understood disorder of the body’s balance system known as mal de debarquement (MDD).  A person with MDD experiences sensations of swinging, swaying, unsteadiness, and disequilibrium for an excessive length of time after an ocean cruise, plane flight, automobile trip, or other motion experience.  MDD occurs most often in middle-aged females after disembarking from a boat or cruise trip.  The balance portion of the brain appears to be unable to readapt to a lack of movement after successfully adapting to the experience of continuous motion.  Audiologists may be involved in the diagnosis of MDD, which is made by a combination of a positive history and the exclusion of other alternatives such as Ménière’s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, perilymph fistula, labyrinthitis, and vestibular neuritis.  6 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Balance Disorders.  Etiology.  Symptoms.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.

Pendred Syndrome
Author: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD).  
Source: Bethesda, MD: NIDCD. April 2007.  4 p.
Availability: Available from NIDCD Information Clearinghouse.  1 Communication Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-3456.  (800) 241-1044.  TTY:  (800) 241-1055.    Fax:  (301) 770-8977.  E-mail:  nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov.
Web site:  http://www.nidcd.nih.gov.  PRICE:  Free. Also available online.  NIH Publication No. 06-5875.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet uses a question-and-answer format to describe Pendred syndrome, a recessive genetic disorder that causes early hearing loss in children and may affect the thyroid gland and the vestibular system.  Pendred syndrome is caused by changes to the SLC26A4 gene on chromosome 7.  Since it is a recessive trait, a child needs a mutated SLC26A4 gene to have Pendred syndrome.  This gene accounts for about 5 to 10 percent of hereditary hearing loss.  Diagnosis involves evaluating the timing, amount, and pattern of hearing loss and using inner ear imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography to look for a cochlea with too few turns or for enlarged vestibular aqueducts.  Treatment options are available for people with the syndrome, and the medical team can help parents make informed choices about these options.  The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders has been working to understand hearing loss caused by inherited syndromes and other causes.  Research is continuing on the genetic basis of Pendred syndrome.  1 figure.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Children.  Hearing Loss.  Genetic Disorders.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Assessment.  Diagnostic Tests.  Early Intervention.  Therapy.  Cochlear Implant.  Thyroid Gland.  Vestibular System.  Vestibular Disorders.  Balance.  Research.

Pharmacological and Optical Methods of Treatment for Vestibular Disorders and Nystagmus
Author: Leigh, R. J.
Source: In:  Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition.  Herdman S. J.  Philadelphia, PA.  F. A. Davis Company.  2007.  pp. 178-187.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.  (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book that provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders reviews treatments for vertigo, oscillopsia, and the visual consequences of nystagmus.  These conditions are often caused by disruption of the peripheral or central vestibular system.  The general goals in treatment are to eliminate vertigo and accompanying neurovegetative symptoms and to promote the normal process of vestibular compensation.  Acute vertigo caused by peripheral vestibular lesions usually recovers spontaneously.  Vestibular suppressant medications are appropriate only during the first 24 hours, so they should be used sparingly after this period.  The use of medications in recurrent vertigo depends on the nature of the underlying disorder.  Oscillopsia caused by loss of the vestibular sense often improves spontaneously, and drugs do not aid the recovery; however, new sensory substitution methods may provide a new therapeutic strategy.  Oscillopsia due to nystagmus may be helped if gabapentin, memantine, baclofen, clonazepam, or acetazolamide can reduce the ocular oscillations.  Different optical devices have been developed as treatment for the visual consequences of nystagmus, and electro-optical devices are promising.  The chapter also includes a discussion of the pathophysiology of vertigo, the neuropharmacology of vertigo and nystagmus, and the pathogenesis of oscillopsia and nystagmus.  3 figures.  1 table.  58 references.  (AA-M).
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Balance.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Nystagmus.  Physiology.  Neurophysiology.  Pathogenesis.  Therapy.  Drug Therapy.

Physical Therapy Management of Benign Positional Vertigo
Authors: Herdman, S. J., Tusa, R. J.
Source: In:  Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition.  Herdman S. J.  Philadelphia, PA.  F. A. Davis Company.  2007.  pp. 233-260.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.  (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book that provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders discusses the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BBPV).  This condition, which is characterized by brief episodes of vertigo when the head is moved in certain positions, occurs spontaneously in many patients but may also occur after head trauma, labyrinthitis, or ischemia in the distribution of the anterior vestibular artery.  Cupulolithiasis and canalithiasis are two theories that explain the etiology of BPPV.  Maneuvers that are used to test for the presence of BPPV are the Dix-Hallpike test, the side-lying test, and the roll test.  Successful treatment is based on identifying which canal is involved.  Bedside treatments for BPPV include Canalith Repositioning, the Liberatory maneuver, and the Brandt-Daroff habituation exercises.  The article describes the original components of the canalith repositioning procedure, details the modifications that have been proposed, and provides instructions on how to perform the canalith repositioning treatment, the Liberatory maneuver, and Brandt-Daroff habituation exercises.  This is followed by a description of methods for treating BPPV involving the horizontal and anterior semicircular canals; a review of research that addresses use of repositioning maneuvers, the Liberatory maneuver, and Brandt-Daroff habituation to treat BPPV; and the identification of contraindications to the assessment and treatment of BPPV.  In addition, the chapter offers suggestions for how to approach more complicated cases of positional vertigo and presents case studies.  An appendix provides information on the differential diagnosis of BPPV.  17 figures.  9 tables.  80 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Balance.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Etiology.  Symptoms.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.  Patient Care Management.  Therapy.  Physical Therapy.  Research.

Positional Vertigo
Authors: Bronstein, A., Lempert, T.
Source: In:  Dizziness:  A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management.  Bronstein, A., Lempert, T.  New York, NY.  Cambridge University Press.   2007.  pp. 131-156.
Availability: Available from Cambridge University Press.  32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473.  (212) 924-3900.  Fax: (212) 691-3239.  E-mail:  newyork@cambridge.org.  Web site:  http://www.cambridge.org/us.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book on the diagnosis and management of dizziness focuses on positional vertigo.  The chapter begins with a table that identifies various disorders that may cause positional vertigo and highlights their key features.  The table is followed by text organized in the same sequence as the table.  Disorders that may cause positional vertigo include posterior-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, horizontal-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis types, migrainous vertigo, central positional vertigo, positional alcohol vertigo and nystagmus, perilymph fistula, vestibular paroxysmia, macroglobulinemia, amiodarone toxicity, and head-extension vertigo.  The major disorders are discussed in terms of clinical features, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. The chapter concludes with suggestions for managing difficult clinical situations.  7 figures.  7 tables.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vertigo.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Nystagmus.  Symptoms.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Patient Care Management.  Therapy.

Posttraumatic Balance Disorders
Authors: Hoffer, M. E., Balough, B. J., Gottshall, K. R.
Source: International Tinnitus Journal.  13(1):69-72.  2007.
Availability: Reprints available from Michael E. Hoffer, Naval Medical Center San Diego, Department of Otolaryngology, Spatial Orientation Center, San Diego, CA 92134-2200.  (619) 532-8355.  Fax:  (619) 532-6088.  E-mail:  Michael.hoffer@med.navy.mil.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article describes a study that further defined a dizziness classification scheme for individuals after mild head trauma and reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of the categories of balance disorders seen after closed-head injury.  This type of trauma is being more frequently recognized as a causative agent in balance disorders.  Most of the published literature examining traumatic brain injury (TBI) after head trauma has focused on short-term prognostic indicators and neurocognitive disorders.  Few data are available to guide those individuals who see patients with balance disorders secondary to TBI.  In this study, the authors examined all classes of head trauma and provided a classification system that is useful in the diagnosis and management of balance disorders after head trauma.  Among the 77 patients in the study, 58 had mild head trauma, 10 had moderate head trauma, and nine had severe head trauma.  Posttraumatic migraine-associated dizziness was the most common diagnostic category in patients with mild and moderate TBI, whereas spatial disorientation was the most common disorder in the patients with severe TBI.  Participants in the spatial disorientation group took longer to return to work and experienced longer time before symptom resolution.  The authors also describe the treatment of posttraumatic dizziness, emphasizing the need for vestibular rehabilitation guided by an experienced physical therapist.  As dizziness is one of the most common outcomes of TBI, it is essential that those who study and treat dizziness be familiar with this subject.  2 figures.  1 table.  12 references.  (AA-M).
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Brain Trauma.  Dizziness.  Classification.  Vestibular System.  Balance Disorders.  Spatial Orientation.  Disorientation.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Etiology.  Symptoms.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.  Therapy.  Research.

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, Type I
Authors: Gupta, J., Hutchins, T., Palacios, E.
Source: ENT-Ear, Nose and Throat Journal.  86(3):138-139.  March 2007.
Availability: Available from Vendome Group, LLC—Medquest Division.  3800 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 201, Cleveland, OH 44114.  (216) 391-9100.  Web site:  http://www.entjournal.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article provides an overview of Ramsay Hunt syndrome, type I, a neurologic abnormality that produces acute ipsilateral facial paralysis.  This can lead to difficulty closing the eye on the affected side, otalgia, hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, and multiple cutaneous herpetic blisters.  The article highlights the diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome.  1 figure.  10 references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Neurological Disorders.  Symptoms.  Hearing Loss.  Vertigo.  Tinnitus.  Diagnosis.  Drug Therapy.

Recurrent Vertigo and Dizziness
Authors: Bronstein, A., Lempert, T.
Source: In:  Dizziness:  A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management.  Bronstein, A., Lempert, T.  New York, NY.  Cambridge University Press.   2007.  pp. 80-130.
Availability: Available from Cambridge University Press.  32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473.  (212) 924-3900.  Fax:  (212) 691-3239.  E-mail:  newyork@cambridge.org.  Web site:  http://www.cambridge.org/us.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book on the diagnosis and management of dizziness focuses on recurrent attacks of vertigo or dizziness.  The chapter presents tables that identify various disorders that may cause recurrent vertigo or recurrent dizziness and highlight their key features.  The tables are followed by text organized in the same sequence as the tables.  Disorders that may cause recurrent vertigo include migrainous vertigo, benign recurrent vertigo, Ménière’s disease, vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks, paroxysmal recurrent vertigo, and perilymph fistula.  Disorders that may cause recurrent dizziness include orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, psychogenic dizziness, drug-induced dizziness, hypertension, metabolic disorders, and height vertigo.  Most disorders are discussed in terms of clinical features, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment.  The discussion of each clinical problem concludes with suggestions for managing difficult clinical situations.  7 figures.  21 tables.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Dizziness.  Vertigo.  Vestibular System.  Symptoms.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Patient Care Management.  Therapy.  Headaches.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Ménière’s Disease.  Perilymph Fistula.  Drugs.  Drug Effects.  Ototoxicity.  Blood Pressure.

Sensory Connection:  An OT and SLP Team Approach
Authors: Kashman, N., Mora, J.
Source: Las Vegas, NV.  Sensory Resources.  2005.  191 p.
Availability: Available from Sensory Resources, 2690 Chandler Avenue, Suite 8, Las Vegas, NV 89120.  (888) 357-5867.  (702) 433-0404.  Fax:  (702) 891-8899.  E-mail:  info@sensoryresources.com.  Web site:  http://www.sensoryresources.com.  PRICE:  $19.95.  ISBN-10:  1-931615-21-7.  ISBN-13:  978-1-931615-21-1.
Language: English.
Abstract: This book demonstrates how an integrated team approach for working with individuals with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders increases the therapeutic effectiveness of speech-language therapy and occupational therapy and maximizes the benefits of available treatment resources.  Chapter one presents a brief overview of sensory integration and communication difficulties experienced by people with sensory integration dysfunction.  Chapter two provides information on difficulties with the vestibular system, proprioceptive system, tactile system, auditory system, visual system, and olfactory system as well as oral and feeding difficulties.  Chapter three focuses on sensory-based behaviors such as sensory defensiveness, self-abusive and self-stimulating behaviors, and prompt dependency.  The next two chapters focus on intervention and assessment.  Chapter six examines environmental effects on level of arousal and environmental strategies to prepare for learning, including reducing sound and visual distractions, managing vestibular input and movement and tactile and proprioceptive input, and controlling temperature and odor.  The chapter also presents additional environmental strategies, describes environmental visual supports, and provides case studies.  Chapter seven provides treatment strategy guidelines to facilitate learning and communication and describes sensory and communication-based treatment strategies according to their primary sensory input.  This chapter is followed by a chapter that presents strategies specifically for the adult and older child.  Subsequent chapters describe transitions and informational tools, oral and feeding interventions, ways to facilitate increased communication according to the ability level of the individual, and the use of intervention videos.  The final chapter discusses the concept of teaming.  Appendices describe sensory integration disorders and provide additional guidelines, forms, and handouts.
Subject Category: Balance.  Language.  Speech.
Descriptors: Autism.  Speech Language Therapy.  Occupational Therapy.  Sensory Input.  Senses.  Sensory Disabilities.  Communication Disorders.  Communication Strategies.  Assessment.  Intervention.

Superior Canal Dehiscence:  A Cause of Balance and Hearing Problems
Authors: Minor, L. B., Carey, J. P.
Source: On the Level.  24(4):1-4.  Fall 2007.
Availability: Available from Vestibular Disorders Association.  P.O. Box 13305, Portland, OR 97213-0305.  (800) 837-8428.  (503) 229-7705.  Fax:  (503) 229-8064.  E-mail:  veda@vestibular.org.  Web site:  http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article provides an overview of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of superior canal dehiscence.  An opening in the bone overlying the superior semicircular canal of the inner ear may cause vestibular and auditory symptoms and signs.  Vestibular symptoms include vertigo and oscillopsia, and auditory manifestations include autophony, hypersensitivity to bone-conducted sounds, and an apparent conductive hearing loss.  Research findings support the view that superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCD) is a developmental abnormality.  Diagnosis involves an evaluation of the signs and symptoms and the use of high-resolution computed tomography scans and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.  Treatment options include avoiding the stimuli that make the symptoms worse and, for patients who are unable to tolerate their symptoms, correcting dehiscence through surgery.  1 figure.  5 references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Inner Ear.  Ear Diseases.  Symptoms.  Etiology.  Diagnosis.  Therapy.  Surgery.

Surgical Management of Vestibular Disorders
Author: Mattox, D. E.
Source: In:  Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition.  Herdman S. J.  Philadelphia, PA.  F. A. Davis Company  2007.  pp. 205-213.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.  (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book that provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders focuses on the surgical management of vestibular disorders.  Surgical intervention may be appropriate when symptoms have failed to respond to medical management and physical therapy.  Vestibular disorders, with the exception of acoustic tumors, are nonlife-threatening, so the patient living with symptoms must decide whether to proceed with surgery.  Basic surgical approaches for removing acoustic tumors are middle fossa craniotomy, the translabyrinthine approach, and suboccipital craniectomy.  Another option is stereotactic radiosurgery.  Surgical procedures for Ménière’s disease include endolymphatic sac surgery and vestibular neurectomy and labyrinthectomy.  Chemical labyrinthectomy with aminoglycosides is also a popular method of managing Ménière’s disease and has almost replaced surgical intervention at some centers.  Surgical procedures that may be considered for treating patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are singular neurectomy and surgical blockade of the flow of endolymph in the posterior semicircular canal.  Perilymphatic fistula, a direct communication between the inner ear and the middle ear, is repaired with autogenous tissue.  Vascular loops, elongated or tortuous vessels within the intracranial cavity that are thought to press on nerve roots as they exit from the brainstem, can be treated with microvascular loop decompression through a standard posterior craniectomy.  7 figures.  35 references.
Subject Category: Hearing.  Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Balance.  Vestibular Disorders.  Vertigo.  Acoustic Tumors.  Acoustic Neuromas.  Sensorineural Hearing Loss.  Ménière’s Disease.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Perilymph Fistula.  Surgery.  Surgical Techniques.

Therapy for Mal de Debarquement Syndrome
Authors: Hain, T. C., Helminski, J. O.
Source: In:  Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition.  Herdman S. J.  Philadelphia, PA.  F. A. Davis Company.  2007.  pp. 202-204.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.  (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book that provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders discusses the cause and treatment of mal de debarquement syndrome (MDDS).  This syndrome refers to prolonged and inappropriate sensation of movement after exposure to motion such as might be experienced from a sea voyage or extended airplane travel, train travel, and space flight.  Possible etiologies of MDDS are that it is a disorder of somatosensory integration and that people susceptible to MDDS may become more reliant on visual and graviceptive information.  Another mechanistic possibility for MDDS arises from internal model theory.  Conventional vestibular suppressants are not helpful in treating MDDS; however, benzodiazepines are the most beneficial.  Various physical therapy treatment strategies may be tried in people with MDDS.  Strategies based on provision of abundant and accurate sensory information about balance, possibly in combination with attempts to improve somatosensory integration, may be most helpful.  14 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Vestibular Disorders.  Balance.  Balance Disorders.  Motion Sickness.  Etiology.  Theories.  Therapy.  Drug Therapy.  Physical Therapy.

Treatment of Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Judson, B. L., Kim, H. J.
Source: In:  Essential Guide to Hearing and Balance Disorders.
Ackley, R. S., Decker, T.  N., Limb, C. J., Eds.  Mahwah, NJ.  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.  2007.  pp. 203-215.
Availability: Available from Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, 7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY 41042-2919.  (800) 634-7064.  Fax:  (800) 248-4724.  E-mail:  orders@taylorandfrancis.com.  Web site:  http://www.routledge.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book on the medical aspects of hearing and balance disorders focuses on the treatment of vestibular disorders.  The chapter begins with a description of the classification of vestibular disorders and a review of the mechanism of vestibular compensation.  This is followed by an overview of the pathophysiology of common vestibular disorders such as Ménière’s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, perilymphatic fistula, labyrinthine fistula, superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, migraine-related dizziness, viral neuronitis, and vertebrobasilar insufficiency.  The medical, rehabilitative, and surgical treatments for these disorders are discussed, including symptomatic and disease-specific treatments.  3 figures.  6 tables.  18 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular Disorders.  Classification.  Symptoms.  Ménière’s Disease.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Perilymph Fistula.  Headache.  Dizziness.  Rehabilitation.  Therapy.  Surgery.  Patient Care Management.

Vestibular Function Tests
Author: Tusa, R. J.
Source: In:  Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition.  Herdman S. J.  Philadelphia, PA.  F. A. Davis Company.  2007.  pp. 125-143.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.  (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book that provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders describes vestibular function tests that are specific for different portions of the labyrinthine or vestibular nerve and tests that assess function but are not specific to the labyrinth and vestibular nerve.  Laboratory testing is used to confirm what is already suspected from the history and clinical examination, quantify the extent of loss, show evidence of central compensation after physical therapy, and provide evidence of an aphysiological component.  Tests that specifically assess the labyrinth or vestibular nerve include the caloric test, rotary chair testing, quantified dynamic visual acuity, the vestibular evoked myogenic potential test, the subjective visual vertical test, and tests that do not specifically assess the labyrinth or vestibular nerve.  The strengths and weaknesses of each test are included in the discussion of each test.  Tests that do not specifically assess the labyrinth or vestibular nerve are visual tracking tests and computerized dynamic posturography.  The latter test is discussed in terms of balance under different sensory conditions, automatic postural responses, application to patient management, identification of aphysiological test performance, and treatment.  18 figures.  7 tables.  45 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Vestibular Nerve.  Balance.  Diagnostic Tests.  Rotational Testing.  Posture.  Therapy.

Vestibular Ototoxicity
Authors: Black, F. O., Pesznecker, S.
Source: In:  Pharmacology and Ototoxicity for Audiologists.  Campbell, K. C. M.  Clifton Park, NY:  Thomson Delmar Learning.  2007.   pp. 252-271.
Availability: Available from Thomson Delmar Learning.  Order Fulfillment, P. O. Box 6904, Florence, KY 41022.  (800) 347-7707.  Fax: (800) 487-8488. Web site: http://www.delmarlearning.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book on pharmacology and ototoxicity for audiologists is about vestibular ototoxicity and focuses on the causes, mechanisms, natural history, predisposing factors, symptoms, detection, and monitoring of vestibular ototoxicity.  This type of toxicity may result from use of vestibulotoxic drugs to treat vestibular pathologies or from exposure to medications used to treat or prevent systemic infections.  The aminoglycoside antibiotics, particularly gentamicin, are the most problematic vestibulotoxic agents.  The clinical presentation of vestibulotoxicity may range from asymptomatic damage to complete or profound bilateral loss of balance.  Factors that predispose a person to vestibular ototoxicity include renal disease and a history of prior treatment with or exposure to known ototoxic substances.  Symptoms of vestibular ototoxicity may be divided into those associated with acute or developing ototoxicity and those accompanying permanent ototoxicity.  The diagnosis of vestibular ototoxicity relies on the documentation of reduced or absent vestibular function.  Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses are usually used to establish baseline vestibular function and monitor patients receiving ototoxic agents.  Electronystagmography and videonystagmography are used as tests as VOR function.  Other tests include computerized dynamic posturography, dynamic visual acuity tests, and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.  Patients with mild to moderate ototoxicity may improve with vestibular rehabilitation therapy, and all patients will benefit from rehabilitative measures to modify their home and other environments.  Preventing vestibular ototoxicity involves avoiding use of potentially ototoxic medications when clinically feasible.  Research has been conducted on dosing of ototoxic medications and recovery from vestibular ototoxicity.  10 figures.  Numerous references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Vestibular Disorders.  Ototoxicity.  Drugs.  Antibiotics.  Drug Effects.  Drug Therapy.  Etiology.  Risk Factors.  Symptoms.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.  Prevention.  Patient Care Management.

Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition
Author: Herdman, S. J.
Source: Philadelphia, PA:  F. A. Davis Company.  2007.  526 p.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.  (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.  Order via online catalog: http://www.fadavis.com/online_store/catalog/catalog_detail.cfm?publication_id=2204.  PRICE:  $102.  ISBN 10:  0-8036-1376-8.  ISBN 13:  978-0-8036-1376-8.
Language: English.
Abstract: This book provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders.  Chapters in part one focus on the anatomy and physiology of the normal vestibular system; vestibular adaptation; the role of the vestibular system in postural control; postural abnormalities in vestibular disorders; clinical changes in vestibular function with time after unilateral vestibular loss; and vestibular system disorders such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, Ménière’s disease, endolymphatic hydrops, perilymphatic fistula, vestibular paroxysmia, and bilateral vestibular disorders.  The focus of part two is on medical assessment and vestibular function tests.  Topics include obtaining a medical history; performing a clinical examination; and conducting vestibular function tests such as the caloric test, rotary chair testing, quantified dynamic visual acuity, the vestibular evoked myogenic potential test, the subjective visual vertical test, and tests that do not specifically assess the labyrinth or vestibular nerve.  Other topics include otolith function tests and the auditory examination.  Part three focuses on medical and surgical management of vestibular disorders.  Chapters present pharmacological and optical methods of treatment for vestibular disorders and nystagmus; discuss treatment options for migraine, Ménière’s disease, and motion sensitivity; explore therapeutic options for mal de debarquement syndrome; describe the surgical management of vestibular disorders; and summarize the interaction between dizziness and psychological problems.  The focus of part four is on rehabilitation assessment and management.  Topics include the physical therapy diagnosis for vestibular disorders, the physical therapy management of BPPV, compensatory strategies for vestibular-ocular hypofunction, the physical therapy assessment of vestibular hypofunction, interventions for patients with vestibular hypofunction, the assessment and treatment of complete vestibular loss, the management of the pediatric patient with vestibular hypofunction, the management of the elderly person with vestibular hypofunction, disability in vestibular disorders, the assessment and management of disorders affecting central vestibular pathways, nonvestibular dizziness and imbalance, the assessment and management of the patient with traumatic brain injury and vestibular dysfunction, suggestions for patients with migraine and mal de debarquement, and cervicogenic dizziness.  An accompanying CD augments the text with videos of patients.  Numerous figures.  Numerous tables.  Numerous references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Balance.  Anatomy.  Physiology.  Assessment.  Medical History.  Physical Examination.  Diagnostic Tests.  Rotational Testing.  Vestibular Disorders.  Balance Disorders.  Dizziness.  Vertigo.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Nystagmus.  Motion Sickness.  Patient Care Management.  Physical Therapy.  Surgery.    

Vestibular System:  Basic Principles and Clinical Disorders
Authors: Eisen, M. D., Limb, C. J.
Source: In:  Essential Guide to Hearing and Balance Disorders.
Ackley, R. S., Decker, T.  N., Limb, C. J., Eds.  Mahwah, NJ.  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.  2007.  pp. 43-64.
Availability: Available from Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, 7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY 41042-2919.  (800) 634-7064.  Fax:  (800) 248-4724.  E-mail:  orders@taylorandfrancis.com.  Web site:  http://www.routledge.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book on the medical aspects of hearing and balance disorders presents basic principles and clinical disorders of the vestibular system.  The chapter begins by using the basic cellular and neural anatomy of the vestibular system to describe its normal physiology.  This is followed by a description of common vestibular disorders and their diagnosis and treatment based on how normal vestibular function is altered.  Evaluation of the patient experiencing dizziness involves obtaining a patient history and conducting balance function tests such as electronystagmography, caloric irrigation, rotary chair, dynamic posturography, and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.  Peripheral vestibular disorders include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Ménière’s disease, superior semicircular canal dehiscence, and vestibular neuritis.  Central vestibular disorders include vertebrobasilar insufficiency, vestibular migraine, brainstem and cerebellar infarction, and tumor.  Treatment options for vestibular disorders include surgeries such as labyrinthectomy, endolympatic shunt, and vestibular nerve section.  5 figures.  38 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Anatomy.  Physiology.  Dizziness.  Medical History.  Diagnosis.  Diagnostic Tests.  Rotational Testing.  Vestibular Evoked Potentials.  Vestibular Disorders.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Ménière’s Disease.  Neoplasms.  Surgery.

Vestibular System Disorders
Author: Fetter, M.
Source: In:  Vestibular Rehabilitation—Third Edition.  Herdman S. J.  Philadelphia, PA.  F. A. Davis Company.  2007.  pp. 98-106.
Availability: Available from F. A. Davis Company.  1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.  (800) 323-3555.  Web site: http://www.fadavis.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a book that provides up-to-date information about the management of patients with vestibular disorders describes the clinical presentation of common vestibular system disorders and their differential diagnosis from central origins of vertigo.  These disorders include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, Ménière’s disease, endolymphatic hydrops, perilymphatic fistula, vestibular paroxysmia, and bilateral vestibular disorders.  Although the symptomatology of a particular peripheral vestibular disorder might be specific, the cause can be different, ranging from infection to ischemia to traumatic lesions.  1 table.  29 references.
Subject Category: Balance.
Descriptors: Vestibular System.  Balance.  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.  Ménière’s Disease.  Endolymphatic Hydrops.  Perilymph Fistula.  Symptoms.  Diagnosis.

2006

Differentiation of Ménière’s Disease and Migraine-Associated Dizziness:  A Review
Author : Shepard, N. T.
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Audiology.  17(1):69-80.  January 2006.
Availability: Available from the American Academy of Audiology.  11730 Plaza America Drive, Suite 300, Reston, VA 20190.  (800) AAA-2336.  (703) 790-8466.  Fax:  (703) 790-8631.  Web site:  http://www.audiology.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article discusses the overlap in signs and symptoms between Ménière’s disease and migraine-associated dizziness.  A significant body of literature exists demonstrating a relationship between migraine disorders and dizziness.  In the characterizations of migraine-associated dizziness, the signs and symptoms show overlap with those characterizing Ménière’s disease.  Some literature, beginning with Meniere himself, suggests a relationship between Ménière’s disease and migraine-associated dizziness.  This implicates a possible underlying link in pathogenesis.  The article presents suggestions for differentiating between the disorders based on recent literature protocols and use of test results.  Vestibular and balance rehabilitation programs have a role in both of the disorders but differ in the overall management aspects of the disorders.  The article discusses the distinction in the use of vestibular rehabilitation and presents a case study illustrating the problem of Ménière’s disease and migraine in the same patient.  2 tables.  49 references.  (AA-M).
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.
Descriptors: Ménière’s Disease.  Symptoms.  Headaches.  Dizziness.  Vertigo.  Diagnostic Tests.  Audiometry.  Otoacoustic Emissions.  Rotational Testing.  Vestibular Evoked Potentials.  Diagnosis.  Etiology.  Therapy.  Rehabilitation.  Patient Care Management.  Case Studies.

Hearing Hazard: The Downside of Airbags
Author: Dancer, J.
Source: Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. 16(45):28-29. November 6, 2006.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956. (610) 278-1400. E-mail: advance@merion.com. Web site: http://www.advanceweb.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This journal article discusses the hearing hazard posed by airbags. The 150 to 170 dBA blast from an airbag lasts only one-tenth of a second, but it can rupture an eardrum, dislocate the middle ear ossicles, or damage the hearing and balance centers of the inner ear. Several professional organizations have urged the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to consider the auditory risks of airbag deployment. A medical panel of the NHTSA has concluded that hearing loss has not occurred as a result of airbag deployment. The Acoustical Society of America has asked the NHTSA to amend its position. Despite the efforts of these professional groups, airbags continue to be mandated for most drivers and passengers, even those with hearing and balance disorders. In addition, numerous studies have documented the risk of otologic injuries from airbag deployment. The increased popularity of side airbags is making the potential for hearing injury even greater. At-risk individuals can wear level-dependent earplugs while driving to protect against otologic injury in the event of airbag deployment. 5 references
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorders. Ear. Earplugs.. Hear Loss. Hearing. Hearing Loss. Hyperacusis. Injuries. Middle Ear. Noise. Tinnitus.
2005

2005 Krames Patient Education Catalog
Author: Krames Health and Safety Education.
Source: Yardley, PA. KRAMES. 2005. 123 p.
Availability: Available from KRAMES Order Department. 780 Township Line Road, Yardley, PA 19067-4200. (800) 333-3032. Fax: (866)722-4377. E-mail: info@krames.com; Web site: http://www.krames.com. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This catalog lists the patient education brochures available from Krames Communications. Brochures are listed in twenty categories: cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, general health and prevention, general surgery, home health care, neurology, neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, otolaryngology, physical therapy, pre-admissions and surgery, pulmonary disease, radiology, staff safety and health, Spanish-language titles, thoracic surgery, urology, and vascular surgery. Materials in the otolaryngology section include those on Ménière’s disease, snoring and sleep apnea, hearing aids, dizziness and vertigo, temporomandibular disorders, cosmetic surgery, treating middle ear infections, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, endoscopic sinus surgery, nasal problems, problem sinuses, nasal surgery, and nasal allergies. In the catalog, each brochure is described and illustrated; pricing information is included.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing. Smell.
Descriptors:  Patient Education. Instructional Materials. Otolaryngology.  Ménière’s Disease. Hearing Aids. Dizziness. Vertigo. Cosmetic Surgery. Surgery. Preoperative Care. Postoperative Care. Otitis Media. Sinus Disorders. Tonsillectomy. Adenoidectomy.

2005 Krames Patient Education Catalog: Government Edition
Author: Krames Health and Safety Education.
Source: San Bruno, CA. Krames. 2005. 124 p.
Availability: Available from Krames Order Department. 1100 Grundy Lane, San Bruno, CA 94066-9821. (800)333-3032. Fax: (650) 244-4512. Web site: http://www.krames.com. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This catalog contains health and safety guidelines on a health topics ranging from blood pressure control to women's health and in a variety of formats, including brochures, booklets, and two-sided tear sheets. Many titles are also available in Spanish. Government agencies can save by using their GSA contract numbers quoted in the catalog at the time of purchase. Online pricing do not reflect government discounts.
Subject Category:  Speech. Language. Hearing. Balance. Smell. Taste. Voice.
Descriptors:  Patient Resource. Speech Disorder. Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Vertigo. Ear Disorder. Otolaryngology.
The Audiologist's Role in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders: American Academy of Audiology Position Statement
Author: American Academy of Audiology.
Source: Reston, VA. Audiology Today. 17(1):17-19. January-February 2005.
Availability: Available from the American Academy of Audiology. Publications, 11730 Plaza America Drive, Suite 300, Reston, VA 20190. (800) AAA-2336; (703) 790-8466. Fax: (703) 790-8631. Web site: http://www.audiology.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) considers vestibular disorders a major public health-care concern. This position statement by the American Academy of Audiology defines the role of the audiologist in the care and management of vestibular (balance) disorders. This statement covers education and training for audiologists; patient care and safety; evaluation guidelines; CPT billing and coding considerations; and more.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorder. Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Function. Auditory Function. Audiovestibular System. Audiology. Assessment of Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy.

Balance and Beyond: Help for Falls
Author: Keefe, S.
Source: ADVANCE for Audiologists. 7(1):19. Jan/Feb. 2005.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556 King of Prussia, Pa 19406-0956. (610) 278-1400. Web site: http://www.advanceweb.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article states that more than a quarter million American seniors experience hip fractures from a fall every year. The article discusses simple testing that can help seniors overcome motion-provoked dizziness and reduce the risk of falls.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Inner Ear Disorder. Balance Disorder. Elderly.

Benign Positional Vertigo after Cochlear Implantation
Author: Limb, C. J.
Source: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 132(5):741-5. May 2005.
Availability: Available from Elsevier Science. (800) 654-2452. Fax: (212) 633-3820. E-mail: reprints@elsevier.com. Web site: http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article reports on a study designed to identify patients who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) and subsequently developed benign positional vertigo (BPV) after the procedure, and to identify any contributing factors. A key finding of the research, according to the authors, BPV is an uncommon development after CI, although it occurs more frequently than in the general population.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Deafness. Cochlear Implantation. Benign Positional Vertigo. Dizziness. Ear Disorder.

BPPV and Variants: Improved Treatment Results with Automated, Nystagmus-Based Repositioning
Authors: Nakayama, M., Epley, J. M.
Source: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 133(1):107-112. July 2005.
Availability: Available from Elsevier Science. (800) 654-2452. Fax: (212) 633-3820. E-mail: reprints@elsevier.com. Web site: http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: Classical benign paroxysmal positional vertigo generally has been resolvable by routine manual repositioning maneuvers, but resistant cases and variants remain a significant problem. This article describes a study that investigated the efficacy of analyzing and treating positional vertigo with a system that provides unlimited, automated maneuverability of the patient while maintaining constant electronic monitoring of nystagmus. The study used a power driven, multiaxial positioning chair combined with ongoing infrared videooculography to manage in a tertiary clinical setting 986 patients who complained of positional vertigo. Of these patients, 833 had confirmed positional nystagmus. Findings indicate that, after one treatment session, 86.6 percent demonstrated significant improvement. With one or two additional treatments, another 11.8 percent demonstrated significant improvement. Approximately 2 percent of patients did not respond to any treatment after undergoing four or more sessions. The authors conclude that the multiaxial positioning chair combination provided enhanced diagnostic and treatment capabilities for managing positional vertigo as a result of improved analytical capability, precision repeatability, and unlimited 360-degree maneuverability. This advancement should be considered for tertiary management of complicated labyrinthine lithiasis. 1 figure. 3 tables. 17 references. (AA-M).
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Nystagmus. Therapy. Treatment Efficacy.

Common Misconceptions about ENG (Electronystagmography)
Author: Desmond, A. L.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level. 21(1):1-4. Winter 2005.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article attempts to clear up some of the misunderstanding associated with electronystagmography (ENG), specifically the extent and limitations of the information that can be obtained from ENG testing. Possible 'misses' that can occur when a more comprehensive evaluation is not made available to those with a normal ENG exam are reviewed. The author also stresses the importance of using ENG results in the context of a patient's history and medical examination. ENG is defined in this article as having been the cornerstone of vestibular testing for more than 50 years.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Testing. Vestibular Pathology. Vestibular Rehabilitation. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. BPPV. Inner Ear Disorder. Balance Disorder.

The Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo
Authors: Poe, D., Ed.
Source: Sedona, AZ. Auricle Ink Publishers. 2005.       340 p. 
Availability: Available from Auricle Ink Publishers. P.O. Box 20607, Sedona, AZ 86341. (520) 284-0860; E-mail: spruhnner@sedona.net. Web site: http://www.hearingproblems.com. PRICE: $29.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0-9661826-4-2 (hardcover).
Language: English.
Abstract: Ear, nose, and throat physicians, surgeons and rehabilitation therapists contribute chapters within each specialty for this Handbook. The book covers different known causes of dizziness and vertigo from stress and head trauma to tumors, along with diagnoses, common treatments, the impact of medications, surgical and non-surgical alternatives, and screenings.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Inner Ear Disorder. Ear Disorder. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Dizziness Management. Aging Disorders.

Diagnosing Dizziness and Vertigo: The Physical Exam and Balance Testing
Authors: Poe, D., Ed.
Source: In: The Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo. Sedona, AZ. Auricle Ink Publishers. 2005. pp. 55-85.
Availability: Available from Auricle Ink Publishers. P.O. Box 20607, Sedona, AZ 86341. (520) 284-0860; E-mail: spruhnner@sedona.net. Web site: http://www.hearingproblems.com. PRICE: $29.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0-9661826-4-2 (hardcover).
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter of the Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo, the author outlines evaluation and testing procedures for balance disorders to help patients prepare for their own evaluation procedures.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Inner Ear Disorder. Ear Disorder. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Dizziness Management. Aging Disorders.

Efficacy of the Epley Maneuver for Posterior Canal BPPV: A Long-Term, Controlled Study of 81 Patients

Author: Wietske, R., Bruintjes, T. D., Oostenbrink, P., van Leeuwen, R. B.
Source: ENT: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. 84(1):22-25. January 2005.
Availability: Available from Medquest Communications LLC, 3800 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 201 Cleveland, OH 44114. (216) 391-9100. E-mail: circulation@entjournal.com. Web site: http://www.entjournal.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article presents an overview of a study for which the authors assessed the efficacy of the Epley maneuver (canalith repositioning) in 81 patients with posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Sixty-one patients underwent the maneuver while a control group of 20 patients received no therapy. The researchers evaluated all patients at 1 and 6 months. The results reported are that the percentage of patients who experienced subjective improvement was significantly higher in the treatment group at both 1 and 6 months. In addition, the authors state that three patients in the treatment group who did not improve after treatment underwent a second maneuver with positive results; four successfully treated patients experienced a recurrence between 1 and 6 months following treatment; and three patients were retreated, with two of them responding well. On the basis of these findings, the research team concludes that the Epley maneuver provides effective and long-term control of symptoms in patients with BPPV.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Inner Ear Disorder. Hearing Impairment. Ear Disorder Research. Vestibular Disorder. Vertigo.

ENT Secrets, Third Edition
Authors: Jafek, B. W., Murrow, B. W., Eds.
Source: St. Louis, MO:  Elsevier Mosby.  2005.  480 p.
Availability: Available from Elsevier, Customer Service Department.  11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, MO 63146.  (800) 460-3110.  (314) 453-7010.  Fax:  (314) 453-7095.  E-mail:  usbkinfo@elsevier.com.  Web site:  http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com.  Available via online catalog:  http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/product.jsp?isbn=9781560536178.  ISBN-10:  1-56053-617-9.  ISBN-13:  978-1-56053-617-8.  PRICE:  $45.95.
Language: English.
Abstract: This updated and expanded version of a textbook on otolaryngology uses a question-and-answer format to cover almost every ear, nose, and throat disorder.  The textbook begins with chapters that introduce the field of otolaryngology and describe the head and neck examination.  The next section focuses on otology.  Topics include the anatomy and physiology of the ear, the hearing evaluation, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, deafness, hearing aids and cochlear implants, diseases of the external ear and tympanic membrane, otitis media and associated complications, the evaluation of the dizzy patients, vestibular disorders, tinnitus, and neurotology.  Other sections deal with the nose and sinuses, general otolaryngology, endoscopy, tumors, facial plastic surgery, trauma and emergencies, pediatric otolaryngologic problems such as cleft lip and palate, related specialties such as taste and smell, and critical care issues.  Each chapter poses questions that actually occur in clinical practice and includes a box highlighting key points.  The textbook also includes the top 100 secrets that summarize the concepts, principles, and most salient details of otolaryngology as well as information on accessing the online edition of the book through the STUDENT CONSULT Web site.  Numerous figures.  34 tables.  Numerous references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.  Smell.  Speech.  Taste.  Voice.
Descriptors: Ear.  Nose.  Throat.  Anatomy.  Physiology.  Hearing Evaluation.  Conductive Hearing Loss.  Sensorineural Hearing Loss.  Deafness.  Hearing Aids.  Cochlear Implants.  Outer Ear.  Tympanic Membrane.  Otitis Media.  Dizziness.  Evaluation.  Vestibular Disorders.  Tinnitus.  Neurotology.  Facial Nerve Disorders.  Salivary Glands.  Hoarseness.  Tumors.  Head and Neck Cancer.  Surgery.  Congenital Anomalies.  Cleft Lip.  Cleft Palate.  Otolaryngology.  Taste.  Smell.

Evaluating Patients with Dizziness and Unsteadiness: A Team Approach
Author: Handelsman, J. A.
Source: The ASHA Leader. (10)2 February 8, 2005.
Availability: Available from American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 10801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852. Web site: http://www.professional.asha.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article discusses a team approach (including audiologists, physicians, and physical therapists, when appropriate,) to evaluation and management of patients with balance system disorders. The author stresses that integrating information from each team member is essential to providing optimal care for a patient with dizziness and/or balance problems.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Problems. Managing Balance Disorders. Hearing Impairment. Inner Ear Disorders.

Exceptional Parent: 2005 Annual Resource Guide
Author: Exceptional Parent.
Source: Exceptional Parent. 35(1) January 2005. 195 p. 
Availability: Available from Exceptional Parent. P.O. Box 2078, Marion, OH 43305-2178. (877) 372-7368. Web site: http://www.eparent.com. PRICE: $19.95.
Language: English.
Abstract: This special issue of Exceptional Parent contains resources for specific disabilities and conditions, parent training and information centers, parent to parent programs, subscription-donation programs, alliance for technology access centers, state assistive technology access centers, the national fathers' network, national information and advocacy resources, federal and federally funded information resources, state directors of special education, and university-affiliated programs. For each resource listed, the guide provides title of program, address, and telephone number; most are arranged geographically include Canadian resources. The guide also contains a list of publications for sale from the Exceptional Parent Library.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Speech. Balance. Language. Voice.
Descriptors:  Information Resources. Parent Education. Children. Disabilities.  Adolescents. Advocacy. Support Services. Support Groups. Assistive Devices. Technology. Early Intervention. Government Agencies. Special Education.

Facial Nerve Monitoring Parameters As a Predictor of Postoperative Facial Nerve Outcomes After Vestibular Schwannoma Resection
Author: Neff, B. A.
Source: Otology & Neurotology. 26(4):728-732. July 2005.
Availability: Reprints available from Dr. D. Bradley Welling, 456 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail: Welling.1@osu.edu.
Language: English.
Abstract: The article describes a study that evaluated whether the intraoperative stimulus threshold and response amplitude measurements from facial electromyography can predict facial nerve function at 1 year after vestibular schwannoma resection. Facial nerve outcomes at 1 year were evaluated using the House-Brackmann scale. Of 74 patients, 66 had House-Brackmann grade I or II facial nerve function and 8 had House-Brackmann grade III through VI function at 1 year after surgery. Logistic regression analysis shows that both a stimulus threshold of 0.05 mA or less and a response amplitude of 240 uV or greater predicted a House-Brackmann grade I or II outcome with a 98 percent probability. However, stimulus threshold or response amplitude alone had a much lower probability of the same result. Although tumor size independently predicted facial nerve outcomes at 1 year, it did not improve the ability to predict facial nerve function over a model using stimulus intensity and amplitude alone. The article concludes that, if both minimal stimulus intensity or response amplitude are considered together, they are good prognostic indicators for facial nerve function at 1 year after surgery. 1 figure. 4 tables. 24 references. (AA-M).
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Acoustic Neuromas. Surgery. Face. Nervous System. Prognosis.

Intratympanic Dexamethasone and Hyaluronic Acid in Patients with Low-Frequency and Ménière’s—Associated Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Author: Selivanova, O. A.
Source: Otology & Neurotology. 26(5):890-895. September 2005.
Availability: Reprints available from Dr. Oksana A. Selivanova, University of Mainz Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany. E-mail: selivanova@hno.klinik.uni-mainz.de.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article describes a study that evaluated intratympanic application of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid in a group of 18 patients having isolated idiopathic low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and in another group of 21 patients with a history of Ménière’s disease with similar audiometric findings. After intratympanic injections of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid, 14 of the 18 patients with isolated low-frequency SNHL showed a significant improvement in hearing. After intratympanic therapy, 15 patients with a previous history of Ménière’s disease and idiopathic isolated low-frequency SNHL showed an improvement in hearing on pure tone audiometry, four remained unchanged, and two showed a tendency toward a slight deterioration. The authors conclude that intratympanic combined dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid application provides a reliable and safe therapeutic option for improvement of hearing in patients with isolated low-frequency SNHL or SNHL resulting from Ménière’s disease who have failed intravenous steroid and vasoactive treatments. 2 figures. 1 table. 5 references. (AA-M).
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Sudden Deafness. Drug Therapy. Steroids. Tympanic Membrane. Ménière’s Disease. Treatment Efficacy.

Management of Posttraumatic Vertigo
Authors: Ernst, A., et al.
Source: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 132(4):554-7. April 2005.
Availability: Available from Elsevier Science. (800) 654-2452. Fax: (212) 633-3820. E-mail: reprints@elsevier.com. Web site: http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article presents details of a study to evaluate patients after blunt trauma of the head, neck, and craniocervical junction (without fractures) with vertigo, and observe the results after extensive diagnostics. After examining and treating 63 patients at the regional trauma medical center for the greater Berlin Area, tertiary referral unit in Germany, the researchers reported the following conclusions: posttraumatic vertigo can be treated with a high success rate once the underlying disorder has been identified; the extent of the neurotological test battery determines the precision and quality of diagnostics; and surgical measures should be an integral part of treatment modalities if conservative treatment is not effective.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Blunt Trauma. Head Trauma. Vertigo. Treating Dizziness. Research. Trauma Medicine.

Materials Catalog (Vestibular Disorders Association)
Source: Portland, OR: Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA). 2005. 2 p. 
Availability: Available from Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA). P.O. Box 13305, Portland, OR 97213-0305. (800) 837-8428. Fax: (503) 229-8064. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This catalog lists materials available through the Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA). Materials include books, transcripts, reprints, short explanatory documents, AAO-HNS reprints, and DVDs and videotapes. Topics include vestibular disorders, endolymphatic hydrops, perilymph fistula, Ménière’s disease, the vestibular system, diagnostic tests for vestibular disorders, and vestibular rehabilitation. New members receive a member packet; a subscription to the quarterly newsletter 'On the Level'; and 'Link List,' a roster of names, addresses, and telephone numbers of other VEDA members. The catalog includes membership information, a membership form, and an order form; each item listed has pricing information.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorders. Vestibular System. Information Resources. Patient Education.  Symptoms. Audiovisual Materials. Instructional Materials. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Perilymph Fistula.

Medical and Neurological Management of Dizziness
Authors: Poe, D., Ed.
Source: In: The Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo. Sedona, AZ. Auricle Ink Publishers. 2005. pp.175-200.
Availability: Available from Auricle Ink Publishers. P.O. Box 20607, Sedona, AZ 86341. (520) 284-0860; E-mail: spruhnner@sedona.net. Web site: http://www.hearingproblems.com. PRICE: $29.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0-9661826-4-2 (hardcover).
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter of the Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo, the author discusses treatment and management of dizziness and balance disturbances. Diet, pharmaceuticals, and herbal medicines are covered.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Inner Ear Disorder. Ear Disorder. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Dizziness Management. Aging Disorders.

Medical Conditions Causing Dizziness
Authors: Poe, D., Ed.
Source: In: The Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo. Sedona, AZ. Auricle Ink Publishers. 2005. pp. 87-109.
Availability: Available from Auricle Ink Publishers. P.O. Box 20607, Sedona, AZ 86341. (520) 284-0860; E-mail: spruhnner@sedona.net. Web site: http://www.hearingproblems.com. PRICE: $29.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0-9661826-4-2 (hardcover).
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter of the Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo, the author discusses known medical and neurological conditions that can cause dizziness and vertigo, as well as patients' role in helping physicians form accurate diagnosis for their specific symptoms.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Inner Ear Disorder. Ear Disorder. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Dizziness Management. Aging Disorders. Diagnosis.

Ménière’s Disease
Author: Griffith, H. W.
Source: In: Griffith, H.W. Instructions for Patients (7th ed). Orlando, FL: W.B. Saunders Company, 2005. p. 313.
Availability: Available from W.B. Saunders Company. Order Fulfillment, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887. (800) 545-2522. Fax: (800) 874-6418. PRICE: $69.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1416000364.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet on Ménière’s disease is from a compilation of instructions for patients, published in book format. The fact sheet provides information in three sections: basic information, including a description of the condition, frequent signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, preventive measures, expected outcome, and possible complications; treatment, including general measures, medication, activity guidelines, and diet; and when to contact one's health care provider. The fact sheet is designed to be photocopied and distributed to patients as a reinforcement of oral instructions and as a teaching tool.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Ménière’s Disease. Diagnosis. Treatment. Patient Education.  Symptoms. Etiology. Risk Factors. Activities of Daily Living. Prevention. Complications. Drug Therapy. Diet Therapy. Vestibular Disorders.

Observations on Cognitive and Psychological Aspects of Vestibular Disorders
Author: Vestibular Disorders Association.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association. 2005.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 13305, Portland, OR 97213. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $3 member, $4 non-member per single copy.
Language: English.
Abstract: This document contains comments compiled from a 2002 videotaped discussion with experts with experience in the cognitive and psychological aspects of vestibular disorders. The interview was hosted by the Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA) and included a panel of three health care professionals with experience in the fields of social work, otolaryngology, and neuropsychology.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Effects of Vestibular System Disorders. Dizziness. Vertigo. Cognitive Functioning. Anxiety. Mood Disorders. Psychological Function.

Preoperative Computerized Dynamic Posturography As a Prognostic Indicator of Balance Function in Patients with Acoustic Neuroma
Author: Bergson, E., Sataloff, R. T.
Source: ENT: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. 84(3):154-56. March 2005.
Availability: Available from Medquest Communications LLC, 3800 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 201, Cleveland, OH 44114. (216) 391-9100. E-mail: circulation@entjournal.com. Web site: http://www.entjournal.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prognostic reliability of preoperative computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) in patients undergoing surgical excision of an acoustic neuroma. The researchers want to determine the correlation between objective preoperative assessments of balance function and subjective postoperative patient self-assessments. The research team retrospectively reviewed the records of 21 adults who had undergone preoperative CDP, and subsequently obtained their subjective assessments of balance function by follow-up telephone surveys at least 1 year postoperatively. Based on the results, the authors conclude that although CDP has proven to be useful in many aspects of balance evaluation, it did not appear to be a valuable predictor of subjective postoperative balance function in these patients.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Acoustic Neuroma. Postoperative Balance Function. Hearing Research. Computerized Dynamic Posturography. Inner Ear Disorder.

Study of Prognostic Factors in Sudden Hearing Loss
Author: Mamak, A.
Source: EMT: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. 84(10):641-644. October 2005.
Availability: Reprints available from Dr. Suleyman Yilmaz, Istanbul Universitesi Cerrahpasa, TipFakKBB ABD, Istanbul, Turkey. 90-216-576-7012. Fax: 90-216-469-5338. E-mail: dryilmazsuleyman@yahoo.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article describes a study of the prognostic significance of the presence or absence of vertigo and tinnitus, the timing of the initiation of treatment, the type and severity of hearing loss, and age of 72 patients who had experienced sudden hearing loss. Patients provided a history and underwent numerous tests. Researchers found that the factors associated with a positive prognosis were the absence of vertigo, the presence of tinnitus, initiation of treatment within 7 days, a greater degree of hearing loss in the low frequencies, and a hearing loss of less than 45 decibels. There was no evidence that age had an effect on prognosis. 2 tables. 19 references. (AA-M).
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Hearing Loss. Sudden Deafness. Vertigo. Tinnitus. Therapy. Age Factors. Prognosis.

Surgical Treatment (for Dizziness and Vertigo)
Authors: Poe, D., Ed.
Source: In: The Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo. Sedona, AZ. Auricle Ink Publishers. 2005. pp. 201-224.
Availability: Available from Auricle Ink Publishers. P.O. Box 20607, Sedona, AZ 86341. (520) 284-0860; E-mail: spruhnner@sedona.net. Web site:  http://www.hearingproblems.com. PRICE: $29.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0-9661826-4-2 (hardcover).
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter in the Consumer Handbook on Dizziness and Vertigo discusses the small percentage of patients for whom surgical options will be considered to control their attacks of vertigo, since medical therapy typically will not be sufficient for these patients. The author describes the various surgical procedures and explains what patients can expect from medical therapy.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Inner Ear Disorder. Ear Disorder. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Dizziness Management. Aging Disorders.

Understanding Balance Problems in Children with CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Williams, G. L., Hartshorne, T. S.
Source: Deaf-Blind Perspectives. 12(2):5-7. Winter 2005.
Availability: Available from Deaf-Blind Perspectives. Teaching Research Division, Western Oregon State College, 345 North Monmouth Avenue, Monmouth, OR 97361. (503) 838-8885. TDD: (503) 838-8821. Fax: (503) 838-8150.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article covers vestibular function problems in children with CHARGE disorder. The authors define the role of the vestibular system as located within the inner ear and being mainly responsible for equilibrium. In children with CHARGE, the vestibular organs are often damaged or missing, causing balance problems. The article covers symptoms and early warning signs, anatomy and function of the vestibular system, screening for and assessing vestibular dysfunction, and therapy to enhance vestibular function.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Birth Defects. Genetic Disorders. Vestibular System. CHARGE Syndrome Management. Inner Ear Disorder. Vestibular Function. Vestibular Therapy. Balance Disorder.

Vertigo and Dizziness: Advanced Diagnostic Testing and Treatment Now Available
Author: ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists.
Source: ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists 15(6):14. February 2005.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956. (610) 278-1400. E-mail: advance@merion.com. Web site: http://www.advanceweb.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article presents an overview of known causes of vertigo and dizziness. The author encourages those affected by vertigo and dizziness, even long-time sufferers, to seek medical help and explore different treatment options.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorder Treatment. Dizziness. Vertigo Screening. Rehabilitation.

Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy in Children
Author: Medeiros, I. R. T.
Source: Otology & Neurotology. 26(4):699-703. July 2005.
Availability: Reprints available from Dr. Italo Roberto Torres de Medeiros, Servico de Otorrinolaringologia, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, Sala 6002, ICHC, Cerqueira Cesar 05403-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: italomedeiros@uol.com.br.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article describes a study that used clinical assessment and computerized dynamic posturography to evaluate the outcome of children with peripheral vestibular disturbances undergoing vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT). The study also observed the influence of learning and central nervous system maturation on posturography retest results. The cohort consisted of 16 children with peripheral vestibular disorders who were treated with VRT. A group of 16 asymptomatic children also was studied. Total recovery of symptoms occurred in nine children, whereas a dramatic partial recovery was observed in the remaining seven children. Two posturography conditions, the vestibular ratio of the sensory analysis, and the composite equilibrium score had a significant quantitative improvement after VRT. No adverse reactions occurred during the exercises. No statistically significant posturography changes were observed in the asymptomatic children. The article concludes that VRT seems to be a safe and efficacious therapeutic option in children with peripheral vestibular disturbances. 3 figures. 2 tables. 19 references. (AA-M).
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Children. Vestibular Disorders. Symptoms. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Balance. Rehabilitation. Therapy.

Your Guide to Better Hearing
Source: Washington, DC: Better Hearing Institute. 2005. 29 p. 
Availability: Available from Better Hearing Institute (BHI). 515 King Street, Suite 420, Alexandria, VA 22314. (800) EAR-WELL or (703) 684-3391. Fax: (703) 684-6048.       E-mail: mail@betterhearing.org. Web site: http://www.betterhearing.org. PRICE: Single copy free; bulk orders available.
Language: English.
Abstract: This brochure provides general information about hearing and hearing loss. Topics include tinnitus (ringing in the ears), improvements in medical diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss, improvements in audiologic assistance and technology, hearing conservation, hearing aid dispensing, and information for the family and friends of people with hearing loss. The brochure includes a hearing self-test with which readers can determine if they have a hearing loss. The author encourages readers to address potential hearing loss in order to take a more active, vital role in their own lives.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Hearing. Hearing Loss. Health Education. Diagnosis. Aural Rehabilitation. Hearing Aids. Quality of Life.  Hearing Evaluation. Deafness. Tinnitus. Hearing Conservation. Etiology. Psychosocial Factors. Family. Audiology. Hearing Aid Dispensing.

2004

Acoustic Neuroma
Source: New Fairfield, CT: National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. (NORD). 2004. 8 p.
Availability: Available from National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. (NORD). NORD Literature, P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968. (203) 744-0100. Fax: (203) 798-2291. E-mail: orphan@rarediseases.org. Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org. PRICE: $3.75 per copy; add $1 for delivery outside of US. Item Number 45.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet reprints information on acoustic neuroma from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) database. Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor of the 8th cranial nerve. This nerve lies within the auditory canal and is associated with hearing and sending balance information from the inner ear to the brain. Acoustic neuroma can therefore cause hearing and balance disorders. The fact sheet presents information about symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, and standard and investigational therapies for acoustic neuroma. It includes a resource section listing organizations that can provide information about acoustic neuroma. 5 references.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Acoustic Neuroma. Patient Education.  Symptoms. Etiology. Incidence. Therapy. Rare Diseases. Neoplasms. Surgical Techniques. Surgery.

Balance Disorders in the Elderly
Author: Ives, T. E.
Source: In: ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. 14(15):22. April 2004.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956. 610-278-1400. E-mail: advance@merion.com. Web site: http://www.advanceforspanda.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: According to the writer of this article, more than half of the U.S. population will experience a balance or vestibular disorder in their lifetime, and balance disorders are the number one health complaint of patients over seventy. The author discusses the medical and social implications of vestibular disorders in the elderly population.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Vestibular Disorder.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Author: Hain, T. C.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level. Winter 2004. 21(1):1-3.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This newsletter article presents a general overview of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), an inner ear balance disorder. The article covers symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and coping skills. References are provided.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Inner Ear Disorder. Balance Disorder. Vestibular Disorder. Vertigo. Dizziness.

Canalith Repositioning for Dizziness
Author: ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists.
Source: ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. 37(14):28. September 2004.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956. 610-278-1400. E-mail: advance@merion.com. Web site: http://www.advanceweb.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article presents the results of a meta-analysis of nine controlled studies involving 505 patients with dizziness. The findings suggest canalith repositioning is a safe and effective treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A single treatment session successfully resolves positional nystagmus 72 percent of the time, and symptoms spontaneously resolve at three weeks in one-third of patients.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vertigo. Balance Disorder. Tinnitus. Ear Disorder.

Clinical Observations: Cochlear Hyperacusis and Vestibular Hyperacusis
Author: Johnson, M.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level. Fall 2004. 21(4):6-9.
Availability:  Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: As described in this article, hyperacusis is the perception of an unusual auditory sensitivity to some environmental noises or tones. The particular symptoms of cochlear hyperacusis and vestibular hyperacusis can help physician and audiologists distinguish between the two disorders. In this article, the author discusses the symptoms, causes, and treatment for each disorder.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular System. Vestibular Disorder. Hearing Loss. Ear Disorder. Ear Pain.

Clinical Observations: Visual Preference and Vestibular Deficiency
Author: Kramer, J.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level 21(2):5. Spring 2004.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $3 per issue plus shipping and handling for back issues.
Language: English.
Abstract: Dr Kramer shares his experiences treating and managing patients with neurovestibular disorders--specifically dizziness and balance dysfunctions that include benign positional vertigo, acute labyrinthitis, multiphysiologic disequilibrium; mal de debraquement, and other undefined vestibular deficiencies.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Inner Ear Disorder. Vestibular Disorder. Balance Disorder. Vertigo. Dizziness. Neurovestibular Disorder.

Cochlear Hyperacusis and Vestibular Hyperacusis
Author: Johnson, M.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association. 2004.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 13305, Portland, OR 97213. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $3 member, $4 non-member per single copy.
Language: English.
Abstract: This brochure presents an overview of cochlear hyperacusis and vestibular hyperacusis and a comparison of the disorders. The author discusses causes and characteristics, testing, and treatment innovations for these disorders. The information is intended for patients and health professionals.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Dysfunction. Vertigo. Dizziness. Audiogenic Seizure Disorder. Inner Ear Damage. Acoustic Therapies. Hearing Tests. Electroencephalography.

Common Inner Ear Disorders
Authors: Wazen, J. J., Mitchell, D.
Source: In: Dizzy: What You Need to Know About Managing and Treating Balance Disorders. Fireside, February 2004. pp. 47-65. ISBN: 0-7432-3622-X.
Availability: Available from Simon & Schuster Mail Order. 100 Front Street, Riverside, NJ 08075. (800) 323-7445.   E-mail: Consumer.CustomerService@simonandschuster.com. Web site: http://www.simonsays.com. PRICE: $14 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter from a patient guide book on managing and treating balance disorders, the authors discuss the most common disorders of the inner ear that are responsible for dizziness, vertigo, and balance problems. Specific disorders covered include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Ménière’s disease, recurrent vestibulopathy, and motion sickness.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder. Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Vestibular Disorders. Balance Disorder Therapy. Balance Rehabilitation.

Current Concepts in Rehabilitation of Balance and Vestibular Disorders
Author: England, T.
Source: ANA Notes. Cumming, GA. 90:1. 2004.
Availability: Available from Acoustic Neuroma Association. 600 Peachtree Parkway, Suite 108, Cumming, GA 30041. (770) 205-8211;                          Fax: (770) 205-0239. Web site: http://www.ANAUSA.org. E-mail: ANAUSA@aol.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article expands on a balance workshop the author presented at the Acoustic Neuroma Association's (ANA's) sixteenth National Symposium in Anaheim, CA. The author/presenter is Teresa England, MPT, a physical therapist who is among the first in her field to receive certification in Vestibular Rehabilitation. Ms. England is a clinical faculty member of Loma Linda University, Department of Physical Therapy. In the article she presents an in-depth review of current concepts in managing the symptoms and functional problems that could affect a person with a diagnosis of acoustic neuroma.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Disorder. Balance Disorder. Rehabilitation. Dizziness. Acoustic Neuroma Management.

Diagnostic, Pathophysiologic, and Therapeutic Aspects of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Korres, S. G., Balatsouras, D. G.
Source:  Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 131(4):438-43. October 2004.
Availability: Available from Elsevier Science. (800) 654-2452. Fax: (212) 633-3820. E-mail: reprints@elsevier.com. Web site: http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: In introducing this report, the authors state the following points: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder; the disorder is transient vertigo induced by a rapid head position change, associated with a characteristic paroxysmal positional nystagmus; canalolithiasis of the posterior semicircular canal is considered the most convincing theory of its pathogenesis and the development of appropriate therapeutic maneuvers resulted in its effective treatment. The authors state also that involvement of the horizontal or the anterior canal has been found in a significant rate and the recognition and treatment of these variants completed the clinical picture of the disease. This paper describes the advances in understanding how this disease is generated and discusses the current therapeutic modalities.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorder. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Dizziness.

Dietary Considerations with Endolymphatic Hydrops, Ménière’s Disease, and Vestibular Migraine
Author: Vestibular Disorders Association.
Source:  Vestibular Disorders Association. 2004.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 13305, Portland, OR 97213. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $3 member, $4 non-member per single copy.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article covers dietary guidelines and goals for maintaining stability in body fluids to minimize fluid imbalances and relieve inner ear pressures that cause Ménière’s disease and vestibular migraines. The author gives suggestions for foods and other substances to avoid, like tobacco, and tyramine (a substance found in foods like chocolate, red wine, and ripened cheeses), and MSG.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Tinnitus. Balance Dysfunction. Inner Ear Problems. Headaches. Dizziness. Regulating Inner Ear Fluid. Managing Ear Disorders.

Dizzy: What You Need to Know About Managing and Treating Balance Disorders
Authors: Wazen, J. J., Mitchell, D.
Source: Fireside, February, 2004. 304 p. (trade paperback). ISBN:0-7432-3622-X.
Availability: Available from Simon & Schuster Mail Order. 100 Front Street, Riverside, NJ 08075. (800) 323-7445.   E-mail: Consumer.CustomerService@simonandschuster.com. Web site: http://www.simonsays.com. PRICE: $14 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this patient handbook, the author tells patients what they can to do to conquer dizziness: what it is, why they feel this way, and what they can do about it. The text defines for readers the root causes of dizziness and shares the therapies and techniques that can assist patients in having normal lives. The text provides information on how to identify balance disorders; the types of disorders—from the inner ear to the circulatory and central nervous systems to systemic, sensory, and visual disorders; balance rehabilitation therapy; medication and surgical options; and more.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder. Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Vestibular Disorders. Balance Disorder Therapy. Balance Rehabilitation. Ear Trauma. Ear Infection.

Drugs and Environmental Causes
Authors: Wazen, J. J., Mitchell, D.
Source: In: Dizzy: What You Need to Know About Managing and Treating Balance Disorders. Fireside, February, 2004. pp. 145-164. ISBN: 0-7432-3622-X.
Availability: Available from Simon & Schuster Mail Order. 100 Front Street, Riverside, NJ 08075. (800) 323-7445. E-mail: Consumer.CustomerService@simonandschuster.com. Web site: http://www.simonsays.com. PRICE: $14 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter from a patient guide book on managing and treating balance disorders, the authors talk about toxic substances in our lives that cause us harm--in this case, lightheadedness, dizziness, vertigo, unsteadiness, and other similar symptoms. The authors discuss the two categories of toxic substances--those we ingest intentionally, like over-the-counter and prescription drugs, alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine; and the environmental toxins that include pollution and toxins found in the air, water, food, and common objects we use or come in contact with in our daily lives. The goal is to make the reader more aware of these toxic substances to better work with their healthcare providers to uncover the true source of the balance problem.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder. Vertigo. Ménière’s Disease. Vestibular Disorders. Balance Disorder Causes. Environmental Toxins. Drug Side Effects.
Function and Dysfunction of the Vestibular System
Author: Desmond, A. L.
Source: In: Vestibular Function: Evaluation and Treatment. York, PA. Thieme 2004. pp. 21-44. 
Availability: Available from Thieme New York. 333 
Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001. (800) 782-3488. Fax: (212) 947-1112. E-mail: customerservice@thieme.com. Web site: http://www.thieme.com. ISBN: 1-58890-166-1. PRICE: $59 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter of the book Vestibular Function: Evaluation and Treatment the author presents an overview of both normal and abnormal functioning of the balance system.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Dysfunction. Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Vestibular System. Professional Resource.

NIDCD: What We Do
Author: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
Source: Bethesda, MD: NIDCD. 2004. 12 p.
Availability: Available from NIDCD Information Clearinghouse. One Communication Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-3456. (800) 241-1044. TTY: (800) 241-1055. Fax: (301) 907-8830. E-mail: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov. Web site: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) supports scientific discovery. To understand both normal processes and those processes that disrupt or devastate human communication systems, the NIDCD supports a wide range of research approaches and more than two dozen strategies. This publication contains details about NIDCD’s programs and activities.
Subject Category:  Speech. Language. Voice. Hearing. Taste. Smell. Balance.
Descriptors:  Research Training. Grants and Funding Opportunities. Deafness. Communication Disorders. Information Resources. Organizations. Professional Organizations. Voluntary Organizations. Advocacy. Speech Language Pathology. Otolaryngology. Sensory Disabilities. Hearing Loss. Conferences. Voice Disorders.

Other Inner Ear Disorders
Authors: Wazen, J. J., Mitchell, D.
Source: In: Dizzy: What You Need to Know About Managing and Treating Balance Disorders. Fireside, February, 2004. pp.  67-81. ISBN: 0-7432-3622-X.
Availability: Available from Simon & Schuster Mail Order. 100 Front Street, Riverside, NJ 08075. (800) 323-7445. E-mail: Consumer.CustomerService@simonandschuster.com. Web site: http://www.simonsays.com. PRICE: $14 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter from a patient guide book on managing and treating balance disorders, the authors discuss less common disorders of the inner ear that can result in dizziness and balance dysfunction. These disorders include labyrinthitis, vestibular neurinitis, perilymphatic fistula, cholesteatoma, otosclerosis, and height dizziness/vertigo.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder. Vertigo. Vestibular Disorders. Ear Trauma. Ear Infection.

Pediatric Vestibular Disorders: Recognition, Evaluation, and Treatment
Author: Cronin, G. W.
Source: In: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level. Summer 2004. 21(3):1-4.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: The author describes vestibular disorders in children, symptoms of which could include problems in reflex development, motor, or sensory areas. According to the author, if left untreated, vestibular dysfunction can have adverse consequences for a range of functions as a child grows to adulthood.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Pediatric Vestibular Disorders. Pediatric Vestibular Dysfunction. Childhood Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Ototoxicity. Vestibular Neuritis. Vestibular Therapy. Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Inner Ear Disorder. Childhood Ear Disease. Vestibular-System Restraining Tasks. Balance Control. Motor Skills.

Posterior Canal BPPV
Author: Barin, K.
Source: In: ADVANCE for Audiologists. July/August 2004.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956. 610-278-1400. E-mail: advance@merion.com. Web site: http://www.advanceweb.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this article the author discusses options for treating posterior canal BPPV including canalith repositioning therapy, the liberatory maneuver, and Brandt-Daroff exercises.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorder. Vertigo. Dizziness. Treating Balance Disorders.

Red Book 2004 Edition
Author: American Medical Association.
Source: Atlanta, GA. AMA Press. May, 2004. 800 p.
Availability: Available from American Medical Association, Attn: Order Department. P.O. Box 930876, Atlanta, GA 31193-0876. Web site: http://www.amapress.com. (800) 621-8335. Fax: 312-464-5600. ISBN: 1-56363-452-X. PRICE: $72.95 plus shipping and handling. Item#: OP959904.
Language: English.
Abstract: This resource of clinical and pharmaceutical references offers product information and prices on more than 100,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) items and reimbursable medical supplies. Includes: complete package information including dosage form, route of admission strength and size; common laboratory values--answers to common patient questions about cholesterol, blood pressure, and more; and summaries of drug-food and other interactions.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance. Smell. Taste. Voice. Speech. Language.
Descriptors:  Pharmacy Reference. Physicians' Reference.

The Peripheral Vestibular System
Source: Portland, OR: Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA). June 2004. 3 p. 
Availability: Available from Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA). P.O. Box 13305, Portland, OR 97213-0305. (800) 837-8428. Fax: (503) 229-8064. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $3 member, $4 non-member. Available online at http://www.boystownhospital.org/Hearing/info/identifying.asp.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet describes the vestibular system (balance system) of the inner ear. The fact sheet explains the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system and how it works in tandem with the nervous system (the brain) to maintain balance and equilibrium. The bulk of the fact sheet presents a glossary of vestibular system terminology. One illustration depicts the anatomy of the inner ear. 1 figure.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular System. Balance. Terminology.  Physiology. Anatomy. Inner Ear. Nervous System. Balance Disorders.

Screening Tests for Vestibular Dysfunction
Author: Desmond, A. L.
Source: In: Vestibular Function: Evaluation and Treatment. York, PA. Thieme 2004. pp. 45-62. 
Availability: Available from Thieme New York. 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001. (800) 782-3488. Fax: (212) 947-1112. E-mail: customerservice@thieme.com. Web site: http://www.thieme.com. ISBN: 1-58890-166-1. PRICE: $59 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter of the book Vestibular Function: Evaluation and Treatment the author discusses steps a physician should take to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of patients with vestibular dysfunction. The author states that physicians must spend ample time with individual patients to understand their history and complaints thoroughly prior to making a diagnosis.
 Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Dysfunction. Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Vestibular System. Professional Resource.

Secondary Endolymphatic Hydrops
Author: Pesznecker, S.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level. Fall 2004. 21(4):1-4.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: Endolymphatic hydrops is described in this article as a disorder of the vestibular system, believed to result from abnormalties in the quantity, composition, and/or pressure of the endolymph (the fluid within the endolymphatic sac, a compartment of the inner ear. Endolymphatic hydrops may be either primary or secondary. In this article the author discusses secondary endolymphatic hydrops, which appears to occur in response to an event or underlying condition. Primary idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops, know as Ménière’s disease, occurs for no know reason.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular System. Vestibular Disorder. Tinnitus. Hearing Loss. Dizziness. Imbalance.

Surgery for Ménière’s: A Safe Viable Option for Treating the Disease
Author: ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists.
Source: ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. 37(14):26. September 2004.
Availability: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 2900 Horizon Drive, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956. 610-278-1400. E-mail: advance@merion.com. Web site: http://www.advanceweb.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article discusses the findings of a recent study that confirm surgery as a viable option for treating medically refractory Ménière’s disease-a disorder characterized by episodic attacks of vertigo with hearing loss, tinnitus and aural fullness.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Vertigo. Balance Disorder. Ménière’s Treatment. Hearing Loss. Tinnitus. Ear Disorder.

Surgical and Medical Procedures
Authors: Wazen, J. J., Mitchell, D.
Source: In: Dizzy: What You Need to Know About Managing and Treating Balance Disorders. Fireside, February, 2004. pp. 221-227.  ISBN: 0-7432-3622-X.
Availability: Available from Simon & Schuster Mail Order. 100 Front Street, Riverside, NJ 08075. (800) 323-7445. E-mail: Consumer.CustomerService@simonandschuster.com. Web site: http://www.simonsays.com. PRICE: $14 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: According to the authors of a patient guide book on managing and treating balance disorders, a small percentage of people who have a vestibular condition select surgery when the condition is unresponsive to other treatment and rehabilitation approaches. In this chapter, the authors discuss the various surgical procedures for vestibular conditions.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Disorder Surgery. Inner Ear Disorder. Vertigo. Balance Disorder Treatment.

Treatment of Vestibular Dysfunction
Author: Desmond, A. L.
Source: In: Vestibular Function: Evaluation and Treatment. York, PA. Thieme 2004. pp. 111-147. 
Availability: Available from Thieme New York. 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001. (800) 782-3488. Fax: (212) 947-1112. E-mail: customerservice@thieme.com. Web site: http://www.thieme.com. ISBN: 1-58890-166-1. PRICE: $59 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this chapter of the book Vestibular Function: Evaluation and Treatment the author addresses both traditional and alternative forms of treatment for vestibular disorders and the controversies surrounding vestibular dysfunction treatment.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Dysfunction. Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Vestibular System. Professional Resource. Treating Vestibular Disorder.

Vestibular Function: Evaluation and Treatment
Author: Desmond, A. L.
Source: York, PA. Thieme 2004. 240 pp. 
Availability: Available from Thieme New York. 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001. (800) 782-3488. Fax: (212) 947-1112. E-mail: customerservice@thieme.com. Web site: http://www.thieme.com. ISBN: 1-58890-166-1. PRICE: $59 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: Multiple etiologies and a lack of clinical evidence both contribute to the challenges of diagnosing and treating dizziness and balance disorders. This text introduces balance disorders to the reader and explores the clinical, scientific, and economic demands of the field. The main features of the publication include: a full range of examination techniques to expand the reader's scope of treatment options; an overview of all the clinical fundamentals--anatomy physiology, testing, and interpretation; and basic format designed for beginners and students. As a course book, the author offers an objective review of the rationale and cost-effectiveness of starting a vestibular laboratory and unique coverage of the business aspects, such as necessary equipment, where to buy it, and how to build a successful and profitable practice. Because of its instructional nature and thoroughness, the publication is recommended as a practical hands-on guide for beginners, as well as a useful reference for audiologists, otolaryngologists, physical therapists, and neurologists. 12 tables, 62 illustrations.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Dysfunction. Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Vestibular System. Professional Resource.

Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis: Infections of the Inner Ear
Authors: Shupert, C. L., Kulick, B.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level 21(2):1-4. Spring 2004.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $3 per issue plus shipping and handling for back issues.
Language: English.
Abstract: Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are described in this article as disorders that are the result of an infection that inflames the inner ear or the nerves connecting the inner ear to the brain. This inflammation is said to disrupt the transmission of sensory information from the ear to the brain which can cause the patient to experience vertigo, dizziness, and balance, vision, and hearing difficulties. In this overview of the disorder the authors cover symptoms and onset; diagnosis and treatment; and definitions of bacterial and viral infections.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Inner Ear Disorder. Vestibular Disorder. Inner Ear Infection. Hearing Loss. Balance Disorder. Vertigo. Dizziness.

Vestibular Neuritis, or Driving Dizzily Through Donegal
Author: Johnson, R. T.
Source: In: New England Journal of Medicine 2004. 351(4):322-23.
Availability: Available from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this article the author discusses advances in diagnosis and care of vestibular neuritis and uses as a case study his own experience to a sudden onset of vertigo 10 years ago.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Vestibular Disorder. Vestibular Neuritis. Balance Disorder. Treatment. Diagnosis.

What To Expect If You Need Special Tests
Authors: Wazen, J. J., Mitchell, D.
Source: In: Dizzy: What You Need to Know About Managing and Treating Balance Disorders. Fireside, February, 2004. pp. 174-183.  ISBN: 0-7432-3622-X.
Availability: Available from Simon & Schuster Mail Order. 100 Front Street, Riverside, NJ 08075. (800) 323-7445. E-mail: Consumer.CustomerService@simonandschuster.com. Web site: http://www.simonsays.com. PRICE: $14 plus shipping and handling.
Language: English.
Abstract: This chapter from a patient guide book on managing and treating balance disorders is intended to help patients understand what to expect from 'special' testing and how these additional tests can provide information to help their doctors decide the best treatment approach for their dizziness and specific balance disorder.
 Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder. Vertigo. Vestibular Disorders. Balance Disorder Screening.

2003-earlier

Endolymphatic Sac-Vein Decompression for Intractable Ménière’s Disease: Long-Term Treatment Results
Authors: Ostrowski, V. B., Kartush, J. M.
Source: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 128(4): 550-559. April 2003.
Availability: Available from American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. One Prince St., Alexandria, VA 22314-3357. (703) 836-4444. TTY: (703) 519-1585. Web site: http://www.entnet.org.
 Language: English.
Abstract: The authors report on a study designed to determine the long-term efficacy of endolymphatic sac-vein decompression surgery on patients with classic Ménière’s disease. The study subjects included sixty-eight patients with classic Ménière’s disease from a tertiary, private otology-neurotology practice. Patient data were gathered by retrospective chart review, questionnaire, and patient interview. All patients underwent endolymphatic sac-vein decompression with an average follow-up period of fifty-five months. The results showed median functional level at level before surgery improving to level 2 after surgery. Among the results reported eighty-one percent of patients showed improvement in functional level, 12 percent remained stable, and 7 percent declined. The authors conclude that endolymphatic sac-vein decompression surgery is a safe, nondestructive surgical option for Ménière’s disease that offers durable control of vertigo and stabilization of hearing for the majority of symptomatic patients. According to the authors, the significance of the study is that the beneficial long-term outcome of the endolymphatic sac-vein decompression supports its continued use as a first-line treatment option in intractable Ménière’s disease.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Ménière’s Disease. Ménière’s Disease Therapy. Hearing Impairment. Ear Disorder Treatment. Hearing Research. Vertigo. Balance Disorder.
Anxiety in the First Attack of Vertigo
Authors: Pollak, L., Klein, C., Rafael, S., Vera, K., Rabey, J. M.
Source: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. June 2003. 128:829-834.
Availability: Available from Department of Neurology, The Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, and Mental Hospital, Beer Yaakov. Israel. E-mail: Eitan.pollak@telrad.co.il.
Language: English.
Abstract: The authors of this article report on the findings of a comparative questionnaire study in 30 patients with a first attack of vestibular dysfunction and 35 patients with a non-vestibular neurologic deficit of acute onset. The purpose of the study was to measure the psychological impact of an acute vertigo attack.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Vertigo. Balance Disorder. Vestibular Disorder. Hearing Disorder. Dizziness.

Dizziness and Motion Sickness
Author: The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.
Source: The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2003.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 13305, Portland, OR 97213. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $3 member, $4 non-member per single copy. Available online at the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/balance/dizziness.cfm.
Language: English.
Abstract: This pamphlet answers some of the most commonly asked questions about dizziness and motion sickness (vertigo) and discusses physician care as well as strategies for self-management.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Vertigo. Treating Balance Disorders. Seasickness. Inner Ear Disorder. Middle Ear Problems.

A Practical Assessment Algorithm for Diagnosis of Dizziness
Authors: Kentala, E., Rauch, S. D.
Source: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2003;128:54-59.
Availability: Send requests to: Steven D. Rauch, MD. Massachussetts Eye and ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail: sdr@epl.meei.harvard.edu.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this article the authors report on a prospective blinded study, the objective of which was to test a 3-parameter model for diagnosis of dizziness based on the type and temporal characteristics of the dizziness and on hearing status.
 Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Hearing Disorder. Screening.

Making Sense of Balance
Author: Beck, B. R.
Source: Hearing Health. 19(3):30. Fall 2003.
Availability: Available from Hearing Health. 1050 17th Street, NW, Suite 701, Washington, DC 20036. Voice/TTY: (202) 289-5850 or (888) 435-6104. Fax: (202) 293-1805.    E-mail: info@hearinghealthmag.com. Web site: http://www.hearinghealthmag.com.
Language: English.
Abstract: In this article the author discusses various causes of balance dysfunction, how the patient and the healthcare system is affected, and hoe the problem can be managed best. The author concludes by emphasizing the urgency for getting help, and the fact that evaluation and management for balance disorders are much easier now than previously.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Ménière’s Disease. Tinnitus. Inner Ear Problems. Ear Disorder. Vertigo.

Mal De Debarquement Syndrome
Author: Haybach, P. J.
Source: On the Level. 20(3):1-2,8. Summer 2003.
Availability: Available from Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. Full text available for $1 plus shipping and handling, document F-29.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet describes the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and management of mal de debarquement, a vestibular disorder. The term mal de debarquement originally referred to the illusion of movement felt as an after effect of travel on water by ship or boat. For some, this illusion of movement can last for long periods of time: weeks to months, even years after a voyage. This article addresses this potentially disabling form of the disorder. References are included.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Disorder. Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder.

Ménière’s Disease
Author: Haybach, P. J.
Source: On the Level. 20(3): 6-8. Fall 2003.
Availability: Available from Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. Full text available for $1 plus shipping and handling, document F-4.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet describes the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and management of Ménière’s disease. Ménière’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, and fluctuating hearing loss.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  Ménière’s Disease. Vertigo. Dizziness. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder. Hearing Loss. Hearing Impairment. Deafness. Tinnitus.

Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) and Neurofibromatosis
Author: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
Source: Bethesda, MD: NIDCD. 2003.
Availability: Available from NIDCD Information Clearinghouse. 1 Communication Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-3456. (800) 241-1044. TTY: (800) 241-1055. Fax: (301) 907-8830. E-mail: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov. Web site: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov. PRICE: Single copy free. Also available online. NIH Pub No. 99-580.
Language: English.
Abstract: This fact sheet presents an overview of vestibular schwannoma (also known as acoustic neuroma, acoustic neurinoma, or acoustic neurilemoma) is a benign, usually slow- growing tumor that develops from the balance and hearing nerves supplying the inner ear. Unilateral/asymmetric hearing loss and/or tinnitus and loss of balance/dizziness are early signs of a vestibular schwannoma. The fact sheet discusses the causes, diagnosis, and treatment and prognosis of this disorder, and lists referrals for additional information.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Schwannoma. Vestibular System Tumor. Acoustic Neuroma. Acoustic Neurinoma. Acoustic Neurilemoma. Balance Disorder. Inner Ear Disorder. Dizziness. Hearing Loss. Deafness.

Woodbine House Catalog: The Special Needs Collection
Source: Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House. 2003. 30 p.
Availability: Available from Woodbine House. 6510 Bells Mill Road, Bethesda, MD 20817. (800) 843-7323; (301) 897-3570. Fax: (301) 897-5838. E-mail: info@Woodbinehouse.com. Web site: http://www.woodbinehouse.com. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This catalog lists forthcoming and current titles from Woodbine House publishers in the area of special needs. Subjects include adults with disabilities, attention deficit disorder, autism, children's books, epilepsy, facial difference, hearing impairment, learning disabilities, mental retardation, physical disabilities, siblings, special education, spina bifida, Tourette syndrome, and visual impairments. Each book is described in some detail and the catalog shows a black-and-white photograph of the cover. Brief information is provided about the authors of each book. Where available, excerpts from book reviews are included. Pricing information and the physical description of each book are also provided. The catalog concludes with a list of sales representatives, ordering information, and an order form.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Speech. Language. Balance.
Descriptors:  Information Resources. Disabilities. Special Education. Adults. Children.  Hearing Loss. Learning Disabilities. Mental Retardation. Psychosocial Factors. Educational Settings. Family. Activities of Daily Living. Sexuality. Tourette Syndrome.

Cervicogenic Dizziness
Author: Wrisley, D. M.
Source: Portland, OR: Vestibular Disorders Association. On the Level. Fall 2002. 19(4). pp. 1-2.
Availability: Available from the Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: Cervicogenic dizziness is a syndrome that includes feelings of disequilibrium accompanied by neck pain and injury. This article describes the symptoms of cervicogenic dizziness, along with its potential causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Cervicogenic Dizziness. Dizziness. Vestibular Disorders. Balance Disorders. Syndromes.

NICHCY National Resources
Author: National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities (NICHCY).
Source: Washington, DC: National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities (NICHCY). NICHCY National Resources, GR2. October 2002. 10 p.
Availability: Available from National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities (NICHCY). P.O. Box 1492, Washington, DC 20013-1492. Voice/TTY: (800) 695-0285 or (202) 884-8200. Fax: (202) 884-8441; E-mail: nichcy@aed.org. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language:  English.
Abstract: This fact sheet, written for individuals with disabilities and their families, lists clearinghouses and other public agencies that may be available for assistance.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Balance. Voice. Speech. Language.
Descriptors:  Disabilities. State Agencies. Children. Parents. Vocational Rehabilitation. Advocacy. Special Education. Financial Aid.  Information Resources. Mental Health. Family. Infants. Support Services. Government Agencies. Legislation. Physical Disabilities. Developmental Disabilities.

On Balance: A Patient's Introduction to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dizziness
Author: ICS Medical Corporation. 
Source: Schaumburg, IL: ICS Medical Corporation. 2002. 4 p.
Availability: Available from ICS Medical Corporation. 125 Commerce Drive, Schaumburg, IL 60173-5329. (800) 289-2150.  Fax: (847) 534-2152. E-mail: purchasing@icsmedical.com. Web site: http://www.icsmedical.com. PRICE: $15 for package of 50.
Language: English.
Abstract: This brochure discusses the diagnosis and treatment of dizziness. The author emphasizes that most causes of dizziness are detectable and treatable with the use of computerized diagnostics, drug therapy, and surgical techniques. Topics covered include the symptoms of dizziness, dizziness versus vertigo, the varied causes of dizziness, the use of eye movement testing (electronystagmography, or ENG), what to expect during an ENG, and how the ENG test results help the health care provider to establish an accurate diagnosis of the cause of a patient's dizziness.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Electronystagmography. Dizziness. Symptoms. Diagnostics Tests. Etiology.  Balance Disorders. Vestibular System. Vertigo. Nystagmus. Eye Movements.

Managing Dizziness
Author: Krames Health and Safety Education.
Source: San Bruno, CA. Krames. 2002. 16 p.
Availability: Available from Krames Order Department. 1100 Grundy Lane, San Bruno, CA 94066-9821. (800) 333-3032. Fax: (650) 244-4512. Web site: http://www.krames.com. PRICE: $0.98 each, minimum domestic order is $25. Catalog order #11346 RCPN.
Language: English.
Abstract: This is a new edition of a previous brochure that presents a general overview of dizziness and vertigo with revised full-color realistic medical artwork. The text describes: the conditions of dizziness and vertigo and the affect on patients; evaluation and diagnostics, MRA, and vestibular rehabilitation; cardiovascular reasons for dizziness; treatment and follow-up care; and provides home safety tips.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Ear Disorder. Patient Resources. Hearing. Deafness. Vertigo.

Otitis Externa: A Clinical Overview
Author: Schapowal, A.
Source: ENT-Ear Nose and Throat Journal. Supplement 1. Current and Emerging Management Strategies in Chronic Ear Disease: Proceedings of a Clinical Symposium. 2002:81(8): 21-22.
Availability: Available from ENT-Ear Nose and Throat Journal. Medquest Communications LLC. 3800 Lakeside Avenue, East, Suite 201, Cleveland, Ohio 44114. (216) 391-9100. Fax: (216) 391-9100. E-mail: circulation@entjournal.com. PRICE: 1-10, $5.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article discusses treatments for diseases of the external ear, classified as non-specific and specific inflammations. The article concludes with a comment section written by the author and two other health professionals. 1 reference.
Subject Category:  Balance. Hearing.
Descriptors:  External Ear. Outer Ear. Ear. Ear Diseases. Otitis Externa. Inflammation. Furunculosis. Herpes Zoster Oticus. Bullous Myringitis. Malignant Otitis Externa. Otomycosis. Eczema. Contact Dermatitis.

Asperger Syndrome and Sensory Issues:  Practical Solutions for Making Sense of the World
Authors: Myles, B. S., et al.
Source: Shawnee Mission, KS.  Autism Asperger Publishing Company.  2000.  141 p.
Availability: Available from Autism Asperger Publishing Company, P. O. Box 23173, Shawnee Mission, KS 66283-0173.  (913) 897-1004.  (877) 277-8254.  Fax:  (913) 681-9473.  Web site:  http://www.asperger.net.  PRICE:  $21.95.  ISBN:  0-9672514-8-6.
Language: English.
Abstract: This book describes the way in which many children and youth with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) relate to the world through their senses and identifies their behaviors that may have a sensory base.  The book begins with an overview of sensory integration terminology and an explanation of how the sensory systems affect behavior.  This overview is followed by an examination of the sensory issues reported to be associated with AS.  The book continues with a review of several formal and informal assessment tools that parents and others can use to identify sensory characteristics.  Other topics include interventions in the sensory areas, including specific behaviors, possible reasons for their occurrence, and strategies that may help children and youth with AS succeed at home and school and in their community.  The book concludes with a case study that describes the sensory assessment of and subsequent programming for a child with AS.  The book includes a glossary and lists of resources.  5 figures.  12 tables.  31 references.
Subject Category: Balance.  Hearing.  Language.  Smell.  Speech.  Taste.
Descriptors: Children.  Adolescents.  Developmental Disorders.  Hearing.  Smell.  Taste.  Touch.  Vision.  Sensory Disabilities.  Sensory Input.  Behavior.  Assessment.  Intervention.  Special Education.  

Flaghouse Special Populations Catalog
Source: Hasbrouck Heights, NJ: Flaghouse, Inc. 200x. 225 p.
Availability: Available from Flaghouse, Inc. 601 Flaghouse Drive, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ 07604. (800) 793-7900. Fax: (800) 793-7922. E-mail: info@flaghouse.com. Web site: http://www.flaghouse.com. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This catalog lists resources for occupational therapists, recreational therapists, and special educators in the areas of recreation therapy, adapted physical education, and physical therapy. Products are presented in seventeen categories: snoezelen, sensory stimulation, flying colors, adapted play, recreation, learning, evaluation, furniture, living aids, orthopedics, conductive education, positioning/standing, ambulation/mobility, exercise, aquatics, active play, gross motor. Full-color photographs, pricing information, order forms, and an index are also included.
Subject Category:  Balance. Speech. Smell. Hearing. Language.
Descriptors:  Equipment and Supplies. Occupational Therapy. Recreation. Sensory Input.  Music. Sensory Disabilities. Therapy. Language Development. Balance. Children. Exercise.

MUMS National Parent-To-Parent Network: List of Disorders
Source: Green Bay, WI: Mothers United for Moral Support, Inc. (MUMS). 200X.
Availability: Available from Mothers United for Moral Support, Inc. (MUMS). 150 Custer Court, Green Bay, WI 54301-1243. (877) 336-5333 (Parents Only); (920) 336-5333; Fax: (920) 339-0995. E-mail: mums@netnet.net. Web site: http://www.netnet.net/mums. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This listing of disorders represents the diagnoses of the children of families who are registered with the MUMS (Mothers United for Moral Support) National Parent-to-Parent Network. After each named disorder, a number in parentheses indicates the number of children in the MUMS group with that specific disorder or condition. An asterisk after the disorder name means that there is a national or international support group for that specific disorder or related disorders. The disorders are listed alphabetically and some appear under more than one medical name. It is MUMS' hope that by matching families, parents can mutually support one another emotionally, exchange valuable medical information they have gathered, and alleviate the feelings of being alone. Among some of the communication disorders related conditions, the listing lists aphasia, cleft lip and palate, craniofacial anomalies, deafness, dystonia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hemifacial microsomia, Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, oral-facial-digital Syndrome, tinnitus, vocal cord paralysis, and Waardenburg Syndrome.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Speech. Language. Balance.
Descriptors:  Deafness. Congenital Anomalies. Children. Support Groups. Family. Organizations. Information Resources. Genetic Disorders.  Balance Disorders. Aphasia. Cleft Lip. Cleft Palate. Craniofacial Anomalies. Landau-Kleffner Syndrome. Pierre Robin Syndrome. Nystagmus. Speech Disorders. Tinnitus.

Possible Effects of Hormones on Inner Ear Disorders in Women
Author: Vestibular Disorders Association. 
Source: Portland, OR: Vestibular Disorders Association. 200x. 6 p.
Availability: Available from Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org. PRICE: $0.50 plus shipping and handling; electronic copies available for free upon request.
Language: English.
Abstract: Health professionals and women with vestibular (balance system) disorders have often suggested that hormones might play a role in Ménière’s disease and other vestibular disorders. This fact sheet explores the possible role of hormones in inner ear disorders in women. After an introduction that explores the role of hormones in other conditions (migraines, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, osteoporosis, glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, acoustic neuroma), the author describes female hormones and female hormone function, notably for puberty, the menstrual cycle, the changes of pregnancy, and milk production for nursing. Other topics include vestibular related symptoms, diagnostic testing (including the use of a symptom diary), treatment options, theories about possible links between hormones and the vestibular disorder, and the author's speculations about how vestibular symptoms could be exacerbated by hormonal fluctuations. The author concludes that although many people have casually observed changes in hearing or balance that seem related to hormonal changes in women, it is unknown how many women are affected, precisely what changes occur, what causes them, and what, if anything, the treatments should be. 19 references.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Disorders. Vestibular System. Hormones. Female. Etiology. Diagnosis. Symptoms.  Diagnostic Tests. Physiology. Drug Therapy. Sex Factors.

Spinning Into Reality: Coping with Vestibular Dysfunctions
Author: Collins, J. S.
Source: Vestibular Disorders Association Newsletter: On the Level. Summer 200X, Vol.19, No. 3.
Availability: Vestibular Disorders Association. P.O. Box 4467, Portland, OR 97208-4467. (800) 837-8428. E-mail: veda@vestibular.org. Web site: http://www.vestibular.org.
Language: English.
Abstract: This article describes the experiences of members of a vestibular disorders support group, including how members cope with their disorder and interact with their environment and with each other. The article includes some suggestions on compensating for a compromised vestibular system.
Subject Category:  Balance.
Descriptors:  Vestibular Dysfunctions. Coping. Balance Disorder. Dizziness. Vertigo. Balance Therapy. Vestibular Disorder. Support Group. Self-Help. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. BPPV.

Super Duper Publications: Fun Speech and Language Materials
Source: Greenville, SC: Super Duper Publications. 200x. 193 p.
Availability: Available from Super Duper Publications. Department SD 2000, P.O. Box 24997, Greenville, SC 29616-2497. (800) 277-8737. Fax: (800) 978-7379. E-mail: custserv@superduperinc.com. Web site: http://www.superduperinc.com. PRICE: Single copy free.
Language: English.
Abstract: This brightly-colored catalog from Super Duper Publications offers speech and language materials for speech language pathologists and audiologists. It includes materials for articulation and phonology, augmentative communication, better speech and hearing, language skills, math skills, rehabilitation, motivation, oral motor skills, and sign language. These materials include books, equipment and supplies, games, Hanen Program resources, open-ended game boards, posters, bulletin boards, prizes, workbooks, stickers, tests, and Webber cards. Each item has an illustration with a full-color photograph or a line drawing, a description that includes the recommended grade level, and the pricing information. An order form and ordering instructions are also provided.
Subject Category:  Hearing. Speech. Language. Balance. Voice.
Descriptors:  Equipment and Supplies. Instructional Materials. Speech Language Pathology. Audiology. Rehabilitation. Patient Care Team.  Language Skills. Mathematics. Motivation. Games. Motor Skills. Psychosocial Factors. Professional-Patient Relations. Sign Language. Assessment Instruments. Audiovisual Materials.

Updated October 2008