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Virol J. 2008; 5: 43.
Published online 2008 March 19. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-5-43.
PMCID: PMC2291040
HDAC inhibitors stimulate viral transcription by multiple mechanisms
Lata Balakrishnan1 and Barry Milavetzcorresponding author1
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
corresponding authorCorresponding author.
Lata Balakrishnan: lbalakrishnan/at/medicine.nodak.edu; Barry Milavetz: bmilavetz/at/medicine.nodak.edu
Received January 25, 2008; Accepted March 19, 2008.
Abstract

Background
The effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) treatment on SV40 transcription and replication were determined by monitoring the levels of early and late expression, the extent of replication, and the percentage of SV40 minichromosomes capable of transcription and replication following treatment with sodium butyrate (NaBu) and trichostatin A (TSA).

Results
The HDACi treatment was found to maximally stimulate early transcription at early times and late transcription at late times through increased numbers of minichromosomes which carry RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription complexes and increased occupancy of the transcribing minichromosomes by RNAPII. HDACi treatment also partially relieved the normal down-regulation of early transcription by T-antigen seen later in infection. The increased recruitment of transcribing minichromosomes at late times was correlated to a corresponding reduction in SV40 replication and the percentage of minichromosomes capable of replication.

Conclusion
These results suggest that histone deacetylation plays a critical role in the regulation of many aspects of an SV40 lytic infection.