Animal Use Alternatives Thesaurus Terminology - Alphabetical Listing
Go to the National Agricultural Library Thesaurus for more terminology)
This shows an
alphabetical listing of all the terms along with its associated
wordblock.
(taxonomic nomenclature) A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
(taxonomic nomenclature)
BT1: Organisms
NT1: Anguilla anguilla
NT1: Brachydanio rerio
NT1: Daphnia magna
NT1: Drosophila melanogaster
NT1: Escherichia coli
NT1: Hyallela azteca
NT1: Limulus polyphemus
NT1: Macaca fascicularis
NT1: Macaca mulatta
NT1: Macaca nemestrina
NT1: Neurospora crassa
NT1: Oryzias latipes
NT1: Pimephales promelas
NT1: Pseudomonas fluorescens
NT1: Rhizopus nigricans
NT1: Vibrio fischeri
NT1: Xenopus laevis
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A
abiotic injuries *
USE: abiotic stress
abiotic stress
UF: abiotic injuries *
UF: stress, abiotic *
BT1: animal stress
BT2: animal welfare
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
BT3: bioethics
BT4: ethics
BT5: philosophy
BT6: Human and Social Issues
NT1: cold stress
NT2: hypothermia
NT1: heat stress
abnormal behavior
BT1: animal behavior
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: stereotyped behavior
RT: animal welfare
acute dermal toxicity
BT1: acute toxicity
BT2: toxicity
BT3: toxicology
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
acute inhalation toxicity
BT1: acute toxicity
BT2: toxicity
BT3: toxicology
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
acute oral toxicity
BT1: acute toxicity
BT2: toxicity
BT3: toxicology
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
RT: fixed dose procedure
RT: lethal dose 50
RT: up-and-down method
acute toxic class method
BT1: animal tests
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
acute toxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: acute dermal toxicity
NT1: acute inhalation toxicity
NT1: acute oral toxicity
NT1: dermal sensitization
NT1: eye irritation
NT1: skin irritation
adapted feeding
BT1: animal feeding
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
advisory committees
BT1: committees
BT2: organizations
BT3: Human and Social Issues
NT1: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
air temperature *
USE: ambient temperature
algae
BT1: Organisms
alternatives to animal testing *
USE: animal use alternatives
ambient temperature
UF: air temperature *
BT1: animal environment
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
Ames test
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: mutagenicity
amphibians
BT1: vertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
NT1: caecilians
NT1: frogs
NT2: tadpoles
NT1: newts
amphipods
BT1: invertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
RT: Hyallela azteca
analgesia
UF: analgesiometry *
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
RT: pain
analgesic activity *
USE: analgesic effect
analgesic effect
UF: analgesic activity *
UF: analgesic properties *
UF: antinociceptive effect *
BT1: medicinal properties
BT2: pharmacology
BT3: Life Sciences
analgesic properties *
USE: analgesic effect
analgesics
BT1: neurotropic drugs
BT2: drugs
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
analgesiometry *
USE: analgesia
anesthesia
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: anesthesia reversal
NT1: depth of anesthesia
RT: anesthetics
anesthesia reversal
BT1: anesthesia
BT2: animal handling
BT3: animal husbandry
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
anesthetics
BT1: neurotropic drugs
BT2: drugs
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: general anesthetics
NT1: local anesthetics
RT: anesthesia
Anguilla anguilla
UF: European eel *
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: fishes
animal anatomy
BT1: Life Sciences
animal behavior
UF: animal response (behavior) *
BT1: Life Sciences
NT1: abnormal behavior
NT2: stereotyped behavior
NT1: displacement activities
NT1: feeding behavior
NT1: maternal behavior
NT1: social behavior
NT2: social dominance
NT2: social facilitation
Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: animal environment
NT2: ambient temperature
NT2: animal housing
NT3: animal rooms
NT3: animal space requirements
NT3: cage design
NT3: cage size
NT3: cages
NT4: nest boxes
NT4: perches
NT3: group housing
NT3: litter (bedding)
NT3: operating rooms
NT3: pair housing
NT3: pens
NT3: stocking rate
NT2: environmental enrichment
NT3: nestlets
NT3: social enrichment
NT2: lighting
NT2: shade
NT2: ventilation and air circulation
NT1: animal health
NT2: morbidity
NT3: ascites
NT2: mortality
NT1: animal husbandry
NT2: animal feeding
NT3: adapted feeding
NT3: feed withdrawal
NT3: water deprivation
NT2: animal handling
NT3: anesthesia
NT4: anesthesia reversal
NT4: depth of anesthesia
NT3: animal use refinement
NT3: blood sampling
NT4: saphenous vein puncture
NT4: sublinguinal vein puncture
NT3: capture of animals
NT3: herding
NT3: postoperative care
NT3: preoperative care
NT3: restraint of animals
NT3: surgery
NT4: laser surgery
NT2: animal identification
NT3: radio frequency identification
NT2: stocking rate
NT2: training (animals)
NT1: animal use alternatives
NT2: animal use reduction
NT2: animal use refinement
NT2: animal use replacement
NT1: animal welfare
NT2: analgesia
NT2: animal preferences
NT2: animal stress
NT3: abiotic stress
NT4: cold stress
NT5: hypothermia
NT4: heat stress
NT3: distress
NT2: animal use refinement
NT2: animal well-being
NT2: death
NT3: euthanasia
NT4: asphyxiation
NT4: cervical dislocation
NT4: decapitation
NT2: distress
NT2: pain
NT1: training of animal technicians
animal cell lines
BT1: cell lines
BT2: in vitro culture
BT3: culture techniques
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT4: Non-whole Animal Systems
RT: mouse lymphoma assay
animal choices *
USE: animal preferences
animal density *
USE: stocking rate
animal disease models
BT1: animal models
BT2: animal experiments
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
animal environment
BT1: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: ambient temperature
NT1: animal housing
NT2: animal rooms
NT2: animal space requirements
NT2: cage design
NT2: cage size
NT2: cages
NT3: nest boxes
NT3: perches
NT2: group housing
NT2: litter (bedding)
NT2: operating rooms
NT2: pair housing
NT2: pens
NT2: stocking rate
NT1: environmental enrichment
NT2: nestlets
NT2: social enrichment
NT1: lighting
NT1: shade
NT1: ventilation and air circulation
animal experiments
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: animal models
NT2: animal disease models
NT1: surgery
NT2: laser surgery
animal feeding
BT1: animal husbandry
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: adapted feeding
NT1: feed withdrawal
NT1: water deprivation
animal handlers *
USE: animal technicians
animal handling
BT1: animal husbandry
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: anesthesia
NT2: anesthesia reversal
NT2: depth of anesthesia
NT1: animal use refinement
NT1: blood sampling
NT2: saphenous vein puncture
NT2: sublinguinal vein puncture
NT1: capture of animals
NT1: herding
NT1: postoperative care
NT1: preoperative care
NT1: restraint of animals
NT1: surgery
NT2: laser surgery
RT: standard operating procedures
animal health
BT1: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: morbidity
NT2: ascites
NT1: mortality
animal housing
BT1: animal environment
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: animal rooms
NT1: animal space requirements
NT1: cage design
NT1: cage size
NT1: cages
NT2: nest boxes
NT2: perches
NT1: group housing
NT1: litter (bedding)
NT1: operating rooms
NT1: pair housing
NT1: pens
NT1: stocking rate
animal husbandry
BT1: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: animal feeding
NT2: adapted feeding
NT2: feed withdrawal
NT2: water deprivation
NT1: animal handling
NT2: anesthesia
NT3: anesthesia reversal
NT3: depth of anesthesia
NT2: animal use refinement
NT2: blood sampling
NT3: saphenous vein puncture
NT3: sublinguinal vein puncture
NT2: capture of animals
NT2: herding
NT2: postoperative care
NT2: preoperative care
NT2: restraint of animals
NT2: surgery
NT3: laser surgery
NT1: animal identification
NT2: radio frequency identification
NT1: stocking rate
NT1: training (animals)
RT: euthanasia
animal identification
UF: marking of animals *
BT1: animal husbandry
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: radio frequency identification
animal law
UF: animal legislation *
UF: animal regulations *
BT1: legislation
BT2: Government, Law, and Regulations
animal legislation *
USE: animal law
animal models
UF: models, animal *
BT1: animal experiments
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: animal disease models
SN: Animals with conditions similar to human diseases.
animal numbers
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: animal use reduction
RT: experimental design
animal preferences
UF: animal choices *
UF: choices, animal *
UF: preferences, animal *
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
animal regulations *
USE: animal law
animal response (behavior) *
USE: animal behavior
animal rooms
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
animal space requirements
UF: space requirements *
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: cage size
RT: stocking rate
animal stress
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
NT1: abiotic stress
NT2: cold stress
NT3: hypothermia
NT2: heat stress
NT1: distress
animal technicians
UF: animal handlers *
BT1: people
BT2: Human and Social Issues
RT: training of animal technicians
animal testing alternatives *
USE: animal use alternatives
animal testing reduction *
USE: animal use reduction
animal testing refinement *
USE: animal use refinement
animal testing replacement *
USE: animal use replacement
animal tests
BT1: laboratory tests
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: acute toxic class method
NT1: eye irritation tests
NT1: fixed dose procedure
NT1: local lymph node assay
NT1: up-and-down method
animal training *
USE: training (animals)
animal use alternatives
UF: alternatives to animal testing *
UF: animal testing alternatives *
BT1: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: animal use reduction
NT1: animal use refinement
NT1: animal use replacement
animal use reduction
UF: animal testing reduction *
UF: reduction, animal testing *
BT1: animal use alternatives
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT1: experimental design
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: animal numbers
animal use refinement
UF: animal testing refinement *
UF: refinement, animal testing *
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
BT1: animal use alternatives
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
animal use replacement
UF: animal testing replacement *
UF: replacement, animal testing *
BT1: animal use alternatives
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: computer software
RT: simulation
animal welfare
BT1: Animal Care and Welfare
BT1: bioethics
BT2: ethics
BT3: philosophy
BT4: Human and Social Issues
NT1: analgesia
NT1: animal preferences
NT1: animal stress
NT2: abiotic stress
NT3: cold stress
NT4: hypothermia
NT3: heat stress
NT2: distress
NT1: animal use refinement
NT1: animal well-being
NT1: death
NT2: euthanasia
NT3: asphyxiation
NT3: cervical dislocation
NT3: decapitation
NT1: distress
NT1: pain
RT: abnormal behavior
RT: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
animal well-being
UF: animal wellbeing *
UF: well-being, animal
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
animal wellbeing *
USE: animal well-being
animals
UF: nonhuman animals *
BT1: Organisms
NT1: animals in education
NT1: invertebrates
NT2: amphipods
NT2: cephalopods
NT2: earthworms
NT2: insects
NT2: macroinvertebrates
NT2: sea urchins
NT1: laboratory animals
NT2: germ-free animals
NT3: specific pathogen-free animals
NT2: laboratory mammals
NT3: laboratory primates
NT1: transgenic animals
NT1: vertebrates
NT2: amphibians
NT3: caecilians
NT3: frogs
NT4: tadpoles
NT3: newts
NT2: birds
NT3: chickens
NT3: pigeons
NT2: fishes
NT2: mammals
NT3: cats
NT3: dogs
NT3: gerbils
NT3: guinea pigs
NT3: hamsters
NT3: mice
NT3: nonhuman primates
NT4: chimpanzees
NT4: monkeys
NT3: rabbits
NT3: rats
NT2: reptiles
animals in education
BT1: animals
BT2: Organisms
BT1: Science Education
anti-anxiety agents *
USE: tranquilizers
anti-inflammatory activity
UF: anti-inflammatory effect *
UF: anti-inflammatory properties *
UF: antiinflammatory activity *
UF: antiinflammatory effect *
UF: antiinflammatory properties *
BT1: medicinal properties
BT2: pharmacology
BT3: Life Sciences
anti-inflammatory drugs
BT1: drugs
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
anti-inflammatory effect *
USE: anti-inflammatory activity
anti-inflammatory properties *
USE: anti-inflammatory activity
antibody production
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: ascites
antiinflammatory activity *
USE: anti-inflammatory activity
antiinflammatory effect *
USE: anti-inflammatory activity
antiinflammatory properties *
USE: anti-inflammatory activity
antinociceptive effect *
USE: analgesic effect
anxiolytics *
USE: tranquilizers
artificial neural networks *
USE: neural networks
artificial skin
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
ascites
BT1: morbidity
BT2: animal health
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: antibody production
asphyxiation
BT1: euthanasia
BT2: death
BT3: animal welfare
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
BT4: bioethics
BT5: ethics
BT6: philosophy
BT7: Human and Social Issues
assays
BT1: laboratory tests
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: bioassays
NT2: Ames test
NT2: bioluminescence assays
NT3: bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test
NT2: bone marrow micronucleus assay
NT2: cell transformation assay
NT2: cytotoxicity assays
NT2: eye irritation tests
NT2: frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus
NT2: fungal viability assay
NT2: Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
NT2: local lymph node assay
NT2: mouse lymphoma assay
NT2: somatic mutation and recombination assay
NT2: yeast mutagenicity assay
NT1: immunoassay
NT2: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
audiovisual aids
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: video technology
axenic animals *
USE: germ-free animals
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B
bacteria
BT1: Organisms
RT: Pseudomonas fluorescens
RT: Vibrio fischeri
baseline values *
USE: normal values
bioassays
BT1: assays
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: Ames test
NT1: bioluminescence assays
NT2: bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test
NT1: bone marrow micronucleus assay
NT1: cell transformation assay
NT1: cytotoxicity assays
NT1: eye irritation tests
NT1: frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus
NT1: fungal viability assay
NT1: Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
NT1: local lymph node assay
NT1: mouse lymphoma assay
NT1: somatic mutation and recombination assay
NT1: yeast mutagenicity assay
biochemistry
BT1: Life Sciences
NT1: biodegradation
NT1: enzymes
NT2: enzyme activity
NT1: pharmacokinetics
NT1: structure activity relationships
NT2: quantitative structure activity relationships
biocompatibility
BT1: product properties
BT2: products
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
biodegradation
BT1: biochemistry
BT2: Life Sciences
bioethics
BT1: ethics
BT2: philosophy
BT3: Human and Social Issues
NT1: animal welfare
NT2: analgesia
NT2: animal preferences
NT2: animal stress
NT3: abiotic stress
NT4: cold stress
NT5: hypothermia
NT4: heat stress
NT3: distress
NT2: animal use refinement
NT2: animal well-being
NT2: death
NT3: euthanasia
NT4: asphyxiation
NT4: cervical dislocation
NT4: decapitation
NT2: distress
NT2: pain
bioluminescence assays
UF: Microtox (R) *
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test
bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test
UF: Mutatox (R) assay *
BT1: bioluminescence assays
BT2: bioassays
BT3: assays
BT4: laboratory tests
BT5: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
biomarkers
BT1: indicators
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: enzyme activity
RT: metabolites
Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: animal experiments
NT2: animal models
NT3: animal disease models
NT2: surgery
NT3: laser surgery
NT1: animal numbers
NT1: antibody production
NT1: culture techniques
NT2: in vitro culture
NT3: cell culture
NT4: cloning (cells)
NT3: cell lines
NT4: animal cell lines
NT4: human cell lines
NT3: coculture
NT3: enrichment culture
NT3: explants
NT3: organ culture
NT3: ovule culture
NT3: tissue culture
NT4: embryo culture
NT4: human tissue cultures
NT1: dosage
NT2: inhibitory concentration 50
NT2: lethal concentration 50
NT2: lethal dose 50
NT2: no observed adverse effect level
NT1: equipment
NT2: bioreactors
NT2: laboratory equipment
NT3: hollow fiber reactors
NT2: medical devices
NT1: experimental design
NT2: animal use reduction
NT2: endpoints
NT3: humane endpoints
NT1: indicators
NT2: biomarkers
NT2: indicator species
NT1: laboratory methods
NT2: cryopreservation
NT2: polymerase chain reaction
NT1: laboratory tests
NT2: animal tests
NT3: acute toxic class method
NT3: eye irritation tests
NT3: fixed dose procedure
NT3: local lymph node assay
NT3: up-and-down method
NT2: assays
NT3: bioassays
NT4: Ames test
NT4: bioluminescence assays
NT5: bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test
NT4: bone marrow micronucleus assay
NT4: cell transformation assay
NT4: cytotoxicity assays
NT4: eye irritation tests
NT4: frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus
NT4: fungal viability assay
NT4: Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
NT4: local lymph node assay
NT4: mouse lymphoma assay
NT4: somatic mutation and recombination assay
NT4: yeast mutagenicity assay
NT3: immunoassay
NT4: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
NT2: nonanimal tests
NT2: skin tests
NT3: skin irritancy tests
NT4: patch test
NT3: skin prick test
NT1: statistics
NT2: estimation
NT3: risk assessment
NT2: normal values
NT2: prediction
bioreactors
BT1: equipment
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
birds
BT1: vertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
NT1: chickens
NT1: pigeons
blood collection *
USE: blood sampling
blood drawing *
USE: blood sampling
blood sampling
UF: blood collection *
UF: blood drawing *
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: saphenous vein puncture
NT1: sublinguinal vein puncture
bone marrow cells
BT1: cells
BT2: Life Sciences
bone marrow micronucleus assay
UF: micronucleus test *
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
Brachydanio rerio
UF: Danio rerio *
UF: zebrafish *
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: fishes
breeding
BT1: Life Sciences
NT1: lines
NT2: inbred lines
NT1: strains
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C
cadavers
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
caecilians
BT1: amphibians
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
cage density *
USE: stocking rate
cage design
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
BT1: design
BT2: Human and Social Issues
RT: environmental enrichment
cage size
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: animal space requirements
RT: cages
cages
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: nest boxes
NT1: perches
RT: cage size
capture of animals
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
carcinogenicity
UF: oncogenicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
CASE *
USE: computer automated structure evaluation
cats
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
cell culture
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: cloning (cells)
cell lines
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: animal cell lines
NT1: human cell lines
cell transformation assay
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
cells
BT1: Life Sciences
NT1: bone marrow cells
NT1: hybridomas
NT1: keratinocytes
NT1: kidney cells
NT1: liver cells
NT1: stem cells
NT2: embryonic stem cells
cephalopods
BT1: invertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
cervical dislocation
BT1: euthanasia
BT2: death
BT3: animal welfare
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
BT4: bioethics
BT5: ethics
BT6: philosophy
BT7: Human and Social Issues
chickens
BT1: birds
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
chimpanzees
UF: Pan troglodytes *
BT1: nonhuman primates
BT2: mammals
BT3: vertebrates
BT4: animals
BT5: Organisms
choices, animal *
USE: animal preferences
chronic toxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
cloning (cells)
BT1: cell culture
BT2: in vitro culture
BT3: culture techniques
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT4: Non-whole Animal Systems
RT: genetics
coculture
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
codes of practice
BT1: standards
BT2: Government, Law, and Regulations
cold stress
BT1: abiotic stress
BT2: animal stress
BT3: animal welfare
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
BT4: bioethics
BT5: ethics
BT6: philosophy
BT7: Human and Social Issues
NT1: hypothermia
committees
BT1: organizations
BT2: Human and Social Issues
NT1: advisory committees
NT2: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
RT: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
computer automated structure evaluation
UF: CASE *
BT1: computer software
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
RT: structure activity relationships
computer models
BT1: computer software
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
computer programmes *
USE: computer software
computer programs *
USE: computer software
computer software
UF: computer programmes *
UF: computer programs *
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: computer automated structure evaluation
NT1: computer models
NT1: expert systems
NT1: interactive programs
NT1: neural networks
NT1: virtual reality
RT: animal use replacement
Corrositex (R) *
USE: skin irritancy tests
cosmetics
BT1: products
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
cosmetics testing
BT1: product testing
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
cryopreservation
BT1: laboratory methods
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
culture techniques
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: in vitro culture
NT2: cell culture
NT3: cloning (cells)
NT2: cell lines
NT3: animal cell lines
NT3: human cell lines
NT2: coculture
NT2: enrichment culture
NT2: explants
NT2: organ culture
NT2: ovule culture
NT2: tissue culture
NT3: embryo culture
NT3: human tissue cultures
cynomolgus monkeys *
USE: Macaca fascicularis
cytotoxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
cytotoxicity assays
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
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D
Danio rerio *
USE: Brachydanio rerio
Daphnia magna
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
death
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
NT1: euthanasia
NT2: asphyxiation
NT2: cervical dislocation
NT2: decapitation
decapitation
BT1: euthanasia
BT2: death
BT3: animal welfare
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
BT4: bioethics
BT5: ethics
BT6: philosophy
BT7: Human and Social Issues
depth of anesthesia
UF: plane of anesthesia *
BT1: anesthesia
BT2: animal handling
BT3: animal husbandry
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
dermal irritancy tests *
USE: skin irritancy tests
dermal irritation *
USE: skin irritation
dermal sensitization
UF: skin sensitization *
BT1: acute toxicity
BT2: toxicity
BT3: toxicology
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
design
BT1: Human and Social Issues
NT1: cage design
discomfort *
USE: pain
displacement activities
BT1: animal behavior
BT2: Life Sciences
distress
UF: mental stress *
UF: psychological stress *
UF: stress, psychological *
BT1: animal stress
BT2: animal welfare
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
BT3: bioethics
BT4: ethics
BT5: philosophy
BT6: Human and Social Issues
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
DNA
BT1: genetics
BT2: Life Sciences
dogs
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
dosage
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: inhibitory concentration 50
NT1: lethal concentration 50
NT1: lethal dose 50
NT1: no observed adverse effect level
RT: drugs
RT: experimental design
Draize eye test *
USE: eye irritation tests
Draize rabbit eye test *
USE: eye irritation tests
Drosophila melanogaster
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: insects
drug testing
BT1: product testing
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
drug toxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
drugs
BT1: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: anti-inflammatory drugs
NT1: neurotropic drugs
NT2: analgesics
NT2: anesthetics
NT3: general anesthetics
NT3: local anesthetics
NT2: opioids
NT2: sedatives
NT2: tranquilizers
RT: dosage
dummies *
USE: mannequins
(return to top)
E
earthworms
BT1: invertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
ecological toxicity *
USE: ecotoxicity
ecotoxicity
UF: ecological toxicity *
UF: ecotoxicology *
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
ecotoxicology *
USE: ecotoxicity
efficacy testing
BT1: Product Testing and Toxicology
ELISA *
USE: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
embryo culture
BT1: tissue culture
BT2: in vitro culture
BT3: culture techniques
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT4: Non-whole Animal Systems
embryonic stem cells
BT1: stem cells
BT2: cells
BT3: Life Sciences
embryotoxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
endotoxins
BT1: toxic substances
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
RT: Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
endpoints
BT1: experimental design
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: humane endpoints
enrichment culture
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
environmental enhancement *
USE: environmental enrichment
environmental enrichment
UF: environmental enhancement *
BT1: animal environment
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: nestlets
NT1: social enrichment
RT: cage design
SN: Enhancing the environment of confined animals in
order to encourage natural behaviors and improve
their quality of life. [ Jensen & Kreger, 1997.]
enzyme activity
BT1: enzymes
BT2: biochemistry
BT3: Life Sciences
RT: biomarkers
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
UF: ELISA *
BT1: immunoassay
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
enzymes
BT1: biochemistry
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: enzyme activity
equipment
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: bioreactors
NT1: laboratory equipment
NT2: hollow fiber reactors
NT1: medical devices
Escherichia coli
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
estimation
BT1: mathematical models
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
BT1: statistics
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: risk assessment
ethics
BT1: philosophy
BT2: Human and Social Issues
NT1: bioethics
NT2: animal welfare
NT3: analgesia
NT3: animal preferences
NT3: animal stress
NT4: abiotic stress
NT5: cold stress
NT6: hypothermia
NT5: heat stress
NT4: distress
NT3: animal use refinement
NT3: animal well-being
NT3: death
NT4: euthanasia
NT5: asphyxiation
NT5: cervical dislocation
NT5: decapitation
NT3: distress
NT3: pain
European eel *
USE: Anguilla anguilla
euthanasia
UF: humane killing *
UF: mercy killing *
BT1: death
BT2: animal welfare
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
BT3: bioethics
BT4: ethics
BT5: philosophy
BT6: Human and Social Issues
NT1: asphyxiation
NT1: cervical dislocation
NT1: decapitation
RT: animal husbandry
experimental design
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: animal use reduction
NT1: endpoints
NT2: humane endpoints
RT: animal numbers
RT: dosage
RT: indicators
RT: statistics
RT: validation
expert systems
BT1: computer software
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
explants
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
eye irritation
BT1: acute toxicity
BT2: toxicity
BT3: toxicology
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
eye irritation tests
UF: Draize eye test *
UF: Draize rabbit eye test *
UF: ocular irritation test *
BT1: animal tests
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: skin irritancy tests
(return to top)
F
facility management
BT1: Human and Social Issues
fathead minnow *
USE: Pimephales promelas
feed deprivation *
USE: feed withdrawal
feed withdrawal
UF: feed deprivation *
BT1: animal feeding
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
feeding behavior
BT1: animal behavior
BT2: Life Sciences
FETAX *
USE: frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus
fishes
BT1: vertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
RT: Anguilla anguilla
RT: Brachydanio rerio
RT: Oryzias latipes
fixed dose procedure
BT1: animal tests
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: acute oral toxicity
frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus
UF: FETAX *
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: Xenopus laevis
frogs
BT1: amphibians
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
NT1: tadpoles
RT: Xenopus laevis
fungal viability assay
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
fungi
BT1: Organisms
RT: Neurospora crassa
(return to top)
G
general anesthetics
BT1: anesthetics
BT2: neurotropic drugs
BT3: drugs
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
genetics
BT1: Life Sciences
NT1: DNA
NT1: line differences
NT1: mutants
NT2: knockout mutants
NT1: polymerase chain reaction
NT1: RNA
NT1: strain differences
RT: cloning (cells)
genotoxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
gerbils
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
germ free animals *
USE: germ-free animals
germ-free animals
UF: axenic animals *
UF: germ free animals *
UF: germfree animals *
UF: gnotobiotic animals *
UF: pathogen free animals (complete) *
UF: pathogen-free animals (complete) *
BT1: laboratory animals
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
NT1: specific pathogen-free animals
germfree animals *
USE: germ-free animals
gnotobiotic animals *
USE: germ-free animals
Government, Law, and Regulations
NT1: guidelines
NT1: legislation
NT2: animal law
NT1: policy
NT1: regulations
NT1: standards
NT2: codes of practice
NT2: standard operating procedures
group housing
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
guidelines
BT1: Government, Law, and Regulations
RT: regulations
guinea pigs
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
(return to top)
H
hamsters
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
heat shock proteins
BT1: physiology
BT2: Life Sciences
heat stress
BT1: abiotic stress
BT2: animal stress
BT3: animal welfare
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
BT4: bioethics
BT5: ethics
BT6: philosophy
BT7: Human and Social Issues
hepatocytes
USE: liver cells
hepatotoxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
herding
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
history
BT1: Human and Social Issues
hollow fiber reactors
BT1: laboratory equipment
BT2: equipment
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
household products
BT1: products
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
Human and Social Issues
NT1: design
NT2: cage design
NT1: facility management
NT1: history
NT1: human-animal relations
NT1: organizations
NT2: committees
NT3: advisory committees
NT4: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
NT1: people
NT2: animal technicians
NT2: researchers
NT3: principal investigators
NT2: veterinarians
NT1: philosophy
NT2: ethics
NT3: bioethics
NT4: animal welfare
NT5: analgesia
NT5: animal preferences
NT5: animal stress
NT6: abiotic stress
NT7: cold stress
NT8: hypothermia
NT7: heat stress
NT6: distress
NT5: animal use refinement
NT5: animal well-being
NT5: death
NT6: euthanasia
NT7: asphyxiation
NT7: cervical dislocation
NT7: decapitation
NT5: distress
NT5: pain
NT1: zoonoses
human cell lines
BT1: cell lines
BT2: in vitro culture
BT3: culture techniques
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT4: Non-whole Animal Systems
human tissue cultures
BT1: tissue culture
BT2: in vitro culture
BT3: culture techniques
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT4: Non-whole Animal Systems
human-animal interactions *
USE: human-animal relations
human-animal relations
UF: human-animal interactions *
BT1: Human and Social Issues
humane endpoints
BT1: endpoints
BT2: experimental design
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
humane killing *
USE: euthanasia
Hyallela azteca
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: amphipods
hybridomas
BT1: cells
BT2: Life Sciences
hypothermia
BT1: cold stress
BT2: abiotic stress
BT3: animal stress
BT4: animal welfare
BT5: Animal Care and Welfare
BT5: bioethics
BT6: ethics
BT7: philosophy
BT8: Human and Social Issues
(return to top)
I
IACUC *
USE: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
IC50
USE: inhibitory concentration 50
ICCVAM *
USE: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
immunoassay
BT1: assays
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
in vitro culture
BT1: culture techniques
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: cell culture
NT2: cloning (cells)
NT1: cell lines
NT2: animal cell lines
NT2: human cell lines
NT1: coculture
NT1: enrichment culture
NT1: explants
NT1: organ culture
NT1: ovule culture
NT1: tissue culture
NT2: embryo culture
NT2: human tissue cultures
inbred lines
BT1: lines
BT2: breeding
BT3: Life Sciences
indicator species
BT1: indicators
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT1: Organisms
indicators
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: biomarkers
NT1: indicator species
RT: experimental design
inhibitory concentration 50
UF: IC50
BT1: dosage
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
insects
BT1: invertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
RT: Drosophila melanogaster
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
UF: IACUC *
NT1: membership
NT1: protocol review
NT1: whistleblowing
RT: animal welfare
RT: committees
RT: laboratory animals
interactive programs
BT1: computer software
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
UF: ICCVAM *
BT1: advisory committees
BT2: committees
BT3: organizations
BT4: Human and Social Issues
RT: validation
invertebrates
BT1: animals
BT2: Organisms
NT1: amphipods
NT1: cephalopods
NT1: earthworms
NT1: insects
NT1: macroinvertebrates
NT1: sea urchins
RT: Limulus polyphemus
irritant properties
BT1: product properties
BT2: products
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
(return to top)
K
keratinocytes
BT1: cells
BT2: Life Sciences
kidney cells
BT1: cells
BT2: Life Sciences
knockout mutants
BT1: mutants
BT2: genetics
BT3: Life Sciences
(return to top)
L
laboratory animals
BT1: animals
BT2: Organisms
NT1: germ-free animals
NT2: specific pathogen-free animals
NT1: laboratory mammals
NT2: laboratory primates
RT: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
laboratory equipment
BT1: equipment
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: hollow fiber reactors
laboratory mammals
BT1: laboratory animals
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
NT1: laboratory primates
laboratory methods
UF: methods, laboratory
UF: techniques, laboratory
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: cryopreservation
NT1: polymerase chain reaction
laboratory primates
BT1: laboratory mammals
BT2: laboratory animals
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
RT: monkeys
RT: nonhuman primates
laboratory tests
UF: testing, laboratory *
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: animal tests
NT2: acute toxic class method
NT2: eye irritation tests
NT2: fixed dose procedure
NT2: local lymph node assay
NT2: up-and-down method
NT1: assays
NT2: bioassays
NT3: Ames test
NT3: bioluminescence assays
NT4: bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test
NT3: bone marrow micronucleus assay
NT3: cell transformation assay
NT3: cytotoxicity assays
NT3: eye irritation tests
NT3: frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus
NT3: fungal viability assay
NT3: Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
NT3: local lymph node assay
NT3: mouse lymphoma assay
NT3: somatic mutation and recombination assay
NT3: yeast mutagenicity assay
NT2: immunoassay
NT3: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
NT1: nonanimal tests
NT1: skin tests
NT2: skin irritancy tests
NT3: patch test
NT2: skin prick test
LAL *
USE: Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
laser surgery
BT1: surgery
BT2: animal experiments
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT2: animal handling
BT3: animal husbandry
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
LC 50 *
USE: lethal concentration 50
LC50 *
USE: lethal concentration 50
LD(50) *
USE: lethal dose 50
LD50 *
USE: lethal dose 50
legislation
BT1: Government, Law, and Regulations
NT1: animal law
RT: regulations
lethal concentration 50
UF: LC 50 *
UF: LC50 *
BT1: dosage
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
lethal dose 50
UF: LD(50) *
UF: LD50 *
BT1: dosage
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: acute oral toxicity
Life Sciences
NT1: animal anatomy
NT1: animal behavior
NT2: abnormal behavior
NT3: stereotyped behavior
NT2: displacement activities
NT2: feeding behavior
NT2: maternal behavior
NT2: social behavior
NT3: social dominance
NT3: social facilitation
NT1: biochemistry
NT2: biodegradation
NT2: enzymes
NT3: enzyme activity
NT2: pharmacokinetics
NT2: structure activity relationships
NT3: quantitative structure activity relationships
NT1: breeding
NT2: lines
NT3: inbred lines
NT2: strains
NT1: cells
NT2: bone marrow cells
NT2: hybridomas
NT2: keratinocytes
NT2: kidney cells
NT2: liver cells
NT2: stem cells
NT3: embryonic stem cells
NT1: genetics
NT2: DNA
NT2: line differences
NT2: mutants
NT3: knockout mutants
NT2: polymerase chain reaction
NT2: RNA
NT2: strain differences
NT1: pharmacology
NT2: medicinal properties
NT3: analgesic effect
NT3: anti-inflammatory activity
NT1: physiology
NT2: heat shock proteins
NT2: metabolites
NT2: susceptibility
lighting
BT1: animal environment
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
UF: LAL *
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: endotoxins
Limulus polyphemus
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: invertebrates
line differences
BT1: genetics
BT2: Life Sciences
RT: lines
lines
BT1: breeding
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: inbred lines
RT: line differences
RT: strains
litter (bedding)
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
liver cells
UF: hepatocytes
BT1: cells
BT2: Life Sciences
LLNA *
USE: local lymph node assay
local anesthetics
BT1: anesthetics
BT2: neurotropic drugs
BT3: drugs
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
local lymph node assay
UF: LLNA *
UF: murine local lymph node assay *
BT1: animal tests
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
(return to top)
M
Macaca fascicularis
UF: cynomolgus monkeys *
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: monkeys
Macaca mulatta
UF: rhesus monkeys *
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: monkeys
Macaca nemestrina
UF: pigtailed macaques *
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: monkeys
macroinvertebrates
BT1: invertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
mammals
BT1: vertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
NT1: cats
NT1: dogs
NT1: gerbils
NT1: guinea pigs
NT1: hamsters
NT1: mice
NT1: nonhuman primates
NT2: chimpanzees
NT2: monkeys
NT1: rabbits
NT1: rats
mannequins
UF: dummies *
UF: mannikins *
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
mannikins *
USE: mannequins
marking of animals *
USE: animal identification
maternal behavior
BT1: animal behavior
BT2: Life Sciences
mathematical models
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: estimation
NT2: risk assessment
RT: simulation
medaka *
USE: Oryzias latipes
medical devices
BT1: equipment
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
BT1: products
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
medical materials
BT1: products
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
medicinal properties
BT1: pharmacology
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: analgesic effect
NT1: anti-inflammatory activity
membership
BT1: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
mental stress *
USE: distress
mercy killing *
USE: euthanasia
metabolites
BT1: physiology
BT2: Life Sciences
RT: biomarkers
methods, laboratory
USE: laboratory methods
mice
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
micronucleus test *
USE: bone marrow micronucleus assay
Microtox (R) *
USE: bioluminescence assays
models, animal *
USE: animal models
monkeys
BT1: nonhuman primates
BT2: mammals
BT3: vertebrates
BT4: animals
BT5: Organisms
RT: laboratory primates
RT: Macaca fascicularis
RT: Macaca mulatta
RT: Macaca nemestrina
morbidity
BT1: animal health
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: ascites
mortality
BT1: animal health
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
mouse lymphoma assay
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: animal cell lines
murine local lymph node assay *
USE: local lymph node assay
mutagenicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
RT: Ames test
mutants
BT1: genetics
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: knockout mutants
Mutatox (R) assay *
USE: bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test
(return to top)
N
nephrotoxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
nest boxes
BT1: cages
BT2: animal housing
BT3: animal environment
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
nestlets
BT1: environmental enrichment
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
neural networks
UF: artificial neural networks *
BT1: computer software
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
neuroleptics *
USE: tranquilizers
Neurospora crassa
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: fungi
neurotoxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
neurotropic drugs
BT1: drugs
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: analgesics
NT1: anesthetics
NT2: general anesthetics
NT2: local anesthetics
NT1: opioids
NT1: sedatives
NT1: tranquilizers
newts
BT1: amphibians
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
no observed adverse effect level
UF: no observed effect level *
UF: NOAEL *
UF: NOEL *
BT1: dosage
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
no observed effect level *
USE: no observed adverse effect level
NOAEL *
USE: no observed adverse effect level
NOEL *
USE: no observed adverse effect level
Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: artificial skin
NT1: audiovisual aids
NT2: video technology
NT1: cadavers
NT1: computer software
NT2: computer automated structure evaluation
NT2: computer models
NT2: expert systems
NT2: interactive programs
NT2: neural networks
NT2: virtual reality
NT1: culture techniques
NT2: in vitro culture
NT3: cell culture
NT4: cloning (cells)
NT3: cell lines
NT4: animal cell lines
NT4: human cell lines
NT3: coculture
NT3: enrichment culture
NT3: explants
NT3: organ culture
NT3: ovule culture
NT3: tissue culture
NT4: embryo culture
NT4: human tissue cultures
NT1: equipment
NT2: bioreactors
NT2: laboratory equipment
NT3: hollow fiber reactors
NT2: medical devices
NT1: mannequins
NT1: mathematical models
NT2: estimation
NT3: risk assessment
NT1: nonanimal tests
NT1: physical models
NT2: plastinated models
NT1: simulation
NT1: validation
nonanimal tests
BT1: laboratory tests
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
nonhuman animals *
USE: animals
nonhuman primates
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
NT1: chimpanzees
NT1: monkeys
RT: laboratory primates
normal values
UF: baseline values *
BT1: statistics
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
(return to top)
O
ocular irritation test *
USE: eye irritation tests
oncogenicity
USE: carcinogenicity
operating rooms
UF: surgical suites *
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: surgery
opioids
BT1: neurotropic drugs
BT2: drugs
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
organ culture
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
Organisms
NT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
NT2: Anguilla anguilla
NT2: Brachydanio rerio
NT2: Daphnia magna
NT2: Drosophila melanogaster
NT2: Escherichia coli
NT2: Hyallela azteca
NT2: Limulus polyphemus
NT2: Macaca fascicularis
NT2: Macaca mulatta
NT2: Macaca nemestrina
NT2: Neurospora crassa
NT2: Oryzias latipes
NT2: Pimephales promelas
NT2: Pseudomonas fluorescens
NT2: Rhizopus nigricans
NT2: Vibrio fischeri
NT2: Xenopus laevis
NT1: algae
NT1: animals
NT2: animals in education
NT2: invertebrates
NT3: amphipods
NT3: cephalopods
NT3: earthworms
NT3: insects
NT3: macroinvertebrates
NT3: sea urchins
NT2: laboratory animals
NT3: germ-free animals
NT4: specific pathogen-free animals
NT3: laboratory mammals
NT4: laboratory primates
NT2: transgenic animals
NT2: vertebrates
NT3: amphibians
NT4: caecilians
NT4: frogs
NT5: tadpoles
NT4: newts
NT3: birds
NT4: chickens
NT4: pigeons
NT3: fishes
NT3: mammals
NT4: cats
NT4: dogs
NT4: gerbils
NT4: guinea pigs
NT4: hamsters
NT4: mice
NT4: nonhuman primates
NT5: chimpanzees
NT5: monkeys
NT4: rabbits
NT4: rats
NT3: reptiles
NT1: bacteria
NT1: fungi
NT1: indicator species
NT1: plants
NT2: transgenic plants
NT1: yeasts
organizations
BT1: Human and Social Issues
NT1: committees
NT2: advisory committees
NT3: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
Oryzias latipes
UF: medaka *
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: fishes
ovule culture
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
(return to top)
P
pain
UF: discomfort *
BT1: animal welfare
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
BT2: bioethics
BT3: ethics
BT4: philosophy
BT5: Human and Social Issues
RT: analgesia
pair housing
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: social enrichment
Pan troglodytes *
USE: chimpanzees
patch test
BT1: skin irritancy tests
BT2: skin tests
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
pathogen free animals (complete) *
USE: germ-free animals
pathogen-free animals (complete) *
USE: germ-free animals
PCR *
USE: polymerase chain reaction
pens
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
people
BT1: Human and Social Issues
NT1: animal technicians
NT1: researchers
NT2: principal investigators
NT1: veterinarians
perches
BT1: cages
BT2: animal housing
BT3: animal environment
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
personal care products
BT1: products
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
pesticides
BT1: products
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
pharmacokinetics
BT1: biochemistry
BT2: Life Sciences
RT: pharmacology
pharmacology
BT1: Life Sciences
NT1: medicinal properties
NT2: analgesic effect
NT2: anti-inflammatory activity
RT: pharmacokinetics
pharmacotoxicity *
USE: toxicity
philosophy
BT1: Human and Social Issues
NT1: ethics
NT2: bioethics
NT3: animal welfare
NT4: analgesia
NT4: animal preferences
NT4: animal stress
NT5: abiotic stress
NT6: cold stress
NT7: hypothermia
NT6: heat stress
NT5: distress
NT4: animal use refinement
NT4: animal well-being
NT4: death
NT5: euthanasia
NT6: asphyxiation
NT6: cervical dislocation
NT6: decapitation
NT4: distress
NT4: pain
photoirritation *
USE: phototoxicity
phototoxicity
UF: photoirritation *
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
physical models
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: plastinated models
physiology
BT1: Life Sciences
NT1: heat shock proteins
NT1: metabolites
NT1: susceptibility
pigeons
BT1: birds
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
pigtailed macaques *
USE: Macaca nemestrina
Pimephales promelas
UF: fathead minnow *
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
plane of anesthesia *
USE: depth of anesthesia
plants
BT1: Organisms
NT1: transgenic plants
plastinated models
BT1: physical models
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
policy
BT1: Government, Law, and Regulations
RT: regulations
polymerase chain reaction
UF: PCR *
BT1: genetics
BT2: Life Sciences
BT1: laboratory methods
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
postoperative care
UF: postsurgical care *
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: surgery
postsurgical care *
USE: postoperative care
preanesthesia *
USE: preoperative care
prediction
BT1: statistics
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
preferences, animal *
USE: animal preferences
preoperative care
UF: preanesthesia *
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: surgery
principal investigators
BT1: researchers
BT2: people
BT3: Human and Social Issues
product properties
BT1: products
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: biocompatibility
NT1: irritant properties
product testing
BT1: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: cosmetics testing
NT1: drug testing
Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: drugs
NT2: anti-inflammatory drugs
NT2: neurotropic drugs
NT3: analgesics
NT3: anesthetics
NT4: general anesthetics
NT4: local anesthetics
NT3: opioids
NT3: sedatives
NT3: tranquilizers
NT1: efficacy testing
NT1: product testing
NT2: cosmetics testing
NT2: drug testing
NT1: products
NT2: cosmetics
NT2: household products
NT2: medical devices
NT2: medical materials
NT2: personal care products
NT2: pesticides
NT2: product properties
NT3: biocompatibility
NT3: irritant properties
NT1: safety testing
NT1: screening
NT1: toxicology
NT2: toxic substances
NT3: endotoxins
NT2: toxicity
NT3: acute toxicity
NT4: acute dermal toxicity
NT4: acute inhalation toxicity
NT4: acute oral toxicity
NT4: dermal sensitization
NT4: eye irritation
NT4: skin irritation
NT3: carcinogenicity
NT3: chronic toxicity
NT3: cytotoxicity
NT3: drug toxicity
NT3: ecotoxicity
NT3: embryotoxicity
NT3: genotoxicity
NT3: hepatotoxicity
NT3: mutagenicity
NT3: nephrotoxicity
NT3: neurotoxicity
NT3: phototoxicity
NT3: subacute toxicity
NT3: subchronic toxicity
NT3: sublethal effects
NT3: teratogenicity
NT2: toxigenesis
products
BT1: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: cosmetics
NT1: household products
NT1: medical devices
NT1: medical materials
NT1: personal care products
NT1: pesticides
NT1: product properties
NT2: biocompatibility
NT2: irritant properties
protocol review
BT1: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
Pseudomonas fluorescens
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: bacteria
psychological stress *
USE: distress
(return to top)
Q
QSAR *
USE: quantitative structure activity relationships
quantitative structure activity relationships
UF: QSAR *
BT1: structure activity relationships
BT2: biochemistry
BT3: Life Sciences
(return to top)
R
rabbits
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
radio frequency identification
UF: RFID (radio frequency identification) *
BT1: animal identification
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
rats
BT1: mammals
BT2: vertebrates
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
reduction, animal testing *
USE: animal use reduction
refinement, animal testing *
USE: animal use refinement
regulations
BT1: Government, Law, and Regulations
RT: guidelines
RT: legislation
RT: policy
RT: standards
replacement, animal testing *
USE: animal use replacement
reptiles
BT1: vertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
researchers
BT1: people
BT2: Human and Social Issues
NT1: principal investigators
restraint of animals
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RFID (radio frequency identification) *
USE: radio frequency identification
rhesus monkeys *
USE: Macaca mulatta
Rhizopus nigricans
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: yeasts
risk assessment
BT1: estimation
BT2: mathematical models
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
BT2: statistics
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: screening
RNA
BT1: genetics
BT2: Life Sciences
(return to top)
S
safety testing
BT1: Product Testing and Toxicology
saphenous vein puncture
BT1: blood sampling
BT2: animal handling
BT3: animal husbandry
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
Science Education
NT1: animals in education
NT1: veterinary education
screening
BT1: Product Testing and Toxicology
RT: risk assessment
sea urchins
BT1: invertebrates
BT2: animals
BT3: Organisms
sedatives
BT1: neurotropic drugs
BT2: drugs
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
shade
BT1: animal environment
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
simulation
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
RT: animal use replacement
RT: mathematical models
skin corrosivity tests *
USE: skin irritancy tests
skin irritancy tests
UF: Corrositex (R) *
UF: dermal irritancy tests *
UF: skin corrosivity tests *
BT1: skin tests
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: patch test
RT: eye irritation tests
skin irritation
UF: dermal irritation *
BT1: acute toxicity
BT2: toxicity
BT3: toxicology
BT4: Product Testing and Toxicology
skin prick test
BT1: skin tests
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
skin sensitization *
USE: dermal sensitization
skin tests
BT1: laboratory tests
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: skin irritancy tests
NT2: patch test
NT1: skin prick test
SMART assay *
USE: somatic mutation and recombination assay
social behavior
BT1: animal behavior
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: social dominance
NT1: social facilitation
social dominance
BT1: social behavior
BT2: animal behavior
BT3: Life Sciences
social enrichment
BT1: environmental enrichment
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: pair housing
social facilitation
BT1: social behavior
BT2: animal behavior
BT3: Life Sciences
somatic mutation and recombination assay
UF: SMART assay *
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
SOP *
USE: standard operating procedures
space requirements *
USE: animal space requirements
specific pathogen-free animals
BT1: germ-free animals
BT2: laboratory animals
BT3: animals
BT4: Organisms
standard operating procedures
UF: SOP *
BT1: standards
BT2: Government, Law, and Regulations
RT: animal handling
standards
BT1: Government, Law, and Regulations
NT1: codes of practice
NT1: standard operating procedures
RT: regulations
statistics
BT1: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
NT1: estimation
NT2: risk assessment
NT1: normal values
NT1: prediction
RT: experimental design
stem cells
BT1: cells
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: embryonic stem cells
stereotyped behavior
UF: stereotypic behavior *
UF: stereotypies *
BT1: abnormal behavior
BT2: animal behavior
BT3: Life Sciences
stereotypic behavior *
USE: stereotyped behavior
stereotypies *
USE: stereotyped behavior
stocking density *
USE: stocking rate
stocking rate
UF: animal density *
UF: cage density *
UF: stocking density *
BT1: animal housing
BT2: animal environment
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
BT1: animal husbandry
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: animal space requirements
strain differences
BT1: genetics
BT2: Life Sciences
RT: strains
strains
BT1: breeding
BT2: Life Sciences
RT: lines
RT: strain differences
stress, abiotic *
USE: abiotic stress
stress, psychological *
USE: distress
structure activity relationships
BT1: biochemistry
BT2: Life Sciences
NT1: quantitative structure activity relationships
RT: computer automated structure evaluation
subacute toxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
subchronic toxicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
SN: The adverse effects occurring as a result of the
repeated daily dosing of a chemical to
experimental animals for part (not exceeding 10
per cent) of the life span.
sublethal effects
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
sublinguinal vein puncture
BT1: blood sampling
BT2: animal handling
BT3: animal husbandry
BT4: Animal Care and Welfare
surgery
BT1: animal experiments
BT2: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT1: animal handling
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
NT1: laser surgery
RT: operating rooms
RT: postoperative care
RT: preoperative care
surgical suites *
USE: operating rooms
susceptibility
BT1: physiology
BT2: Life Sciences
(return to top)
T
tadpoles
BT1: frogs
BT2: amphibians
BT3: vertebrates
BT4: animals
BT5: Organisms
techniques, laboratory
USE: laboratory methods
teratogenicity
BT1: toxicity
BT2: toxicology
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
testing, laboratory *
USE: laboratory tests
tissue culture
BT1: in vitro culture
BT2: culture techniques
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
BT3: Non-whole Animal Systems
NT1: embryo culture
NT1: human tissue cultures
toxic substances
BT1: toxicology
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: endotoxins
toxicity
UF: pharmacotoxicity *
BT1: toxicology
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: acute toxicity
NT2: acute dermal toxicity
NT2: acute inhalation toxicity
NT2: acute oral toxicity
NT2: dermal sensitization
NT2: eye irritation
NT2: skin irritation
NT1: carcinogenicity
NT1: chronic toxicity
NT1: cytotoxicity
NT1: drug toxicity
NT1: ecotoxicity
NT1: embryotoxicity
NT1: genotoxicity
NT1: hepatotoxicity
NT1: mutagenicity
NT1: nephrotoxicity
NT1: neurotoxicity
NT1: phototoxicity
NT1: subacute toxicity
NT1: subchronic toxicity
NT1: sublethal effects
NT1: teratogenicity
toxicology
BT1: Product Testing and Toxicology
NT1: toxic substances
NT2: endotoxins
NT1: toxicity
NT2: acute toxicity
NT3: acute dermal toxicity
NT3: acute inhalation toxicity
NT3: acute oral toxicity
NT3: dermal sensitization
NT3: eye irritation
NT3: skin irritation
NT2: carcinogenicity
NT2: chronic toxicity
NT2: cytotoxicity
NT2: drug toxicity
NT2: ecotoxicity
NT2: embryotoxicity
NT2: genotoxicity
NT2: hepatotoxicity
NT2: mutagenicity
NT2: nephrotoxicity
NT2: neurotoxicity
NT2: phototoxicity
NT2: subacute toxicity
NT2: subchronic toxicity
NT2: sublethal effects
NT2: teratogenicity
NT1: toxigenesis
toxigenesis
BT1: toxicology
BT2: Product Testing and Toxicology
training (animals)
UF: animal training *
UF: training of animals *
BT1: animal husbandry
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
training of animal technicians
BT1: Animal Care and Welfare
RT: animal technicians
training of animals *
USE: training (animals)
tranquilizers
UF: anti-anxiety agents *
UF: anxiolytics *
UF: neuroleptics *
BT1: neurotropic drugs
BT2: drugs
BT3: Product Testing and Toxicology
transgenic animals
BT1: animals
BT2: Organisms
transgenic plants
BT1: plants
BT2: Organisms
(return to top)
U
up-and-down method
BT1: animal tests
BT2: laboratory tests
BT3: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
RT: acute oral toxicity
(return to top)
V
validation
BT1: Non-whole Animal Systems
RT: experimental design
RT: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
ventilation and air circulation
BT1: animal environment
BT2: Animal Care and Welfare
vertebrates
BT1: animals
BT2: Organisms
NT1: amphibians
NT2: caecilians
NT2: frogs
NT3: tadpoles
NT2: newts
NT1: birds
NT2: chickens
NT2: pigeons
NT1: fishes
NT1: mammals
NT2: cats
NT2: dogs
NT2: gerbils
NT2: guinea pigs
NT2: hamsters
NT2: mice
NT2: nonhuman primates
NT3: chimpanzees
NT3: monkeys
NT2: rabbits
NT2: rats
NT1: reptiles
veterinarians
BT1: people
BT2: Human and Social Issues
veterinary education
BT1: Science Education
Vibrio fischeri
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: bacteria
video technology
BT1: audiovisual aids
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
virtual reality
BT1: computer software
BT2: Non-whole Animal Systems
(return to top)
W
water deprivation
BT1: animal feeding
BT2: animal husbandry
BT3: Animal Care and Welfare
well-being, animal
USE: animal well-being
whistleblowing
BT1: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
(return to top)
X
Xenopus laevis
BT1: (taxonomic nomenclature)
BT2: Organisms
RT: frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus
RT: frogs
(return to top)
Y
yeast mutagenicity assay
BT1: bioassays
BT2: assays
BT3: laboratory tests
BT4: Biomedical and Laboratory Methods
yeasts
BT1: Organisms
RT: Rhizopus nigricans
(return to top)
Z
zebrafish *
USE: Brachydanio rerio
zoonoses
BT1: Human and Social Issues
Last Updated 8/8/05