INCLUSION CRITERIA:
To be eligible for the study, participants must fulfill all of the following criteria:
1. Understand and sign the IRB-approved informed consent document for the study.
2. Age greater than 55 years.
3. In the study eye, diagnosis of AMD defined by the presence of drusen larger than 63 microm.
4. Any anti-angiogenic therapy in the study eye within 7 days of beginning immunosuppressive therapy.
5. In the study eye, the participant's study eye vision is between 20/20 and 20/400.
6. In the study eye, the presence of choroidal neovascularization under the fovea determined by NEI Investigators and defined as any one of the following fluorescein angiographic (FA) features:
a. Early stippled hyperfluorescence of flat retinal pigment epithelium and little or mild leakage in the late frames of the fluorescein (occult).
b. Irregular elevation of the retinal pigment epithelium that does not exhibit discrete or bright hyperfluorescence in the early transit phase of the angiogram. Stippled hyperfluorescence may be present. Late frames may show persistent fluorescein staining or leakage within a sensory retinal detachment overlying this area (occult).
c. Late-phase leakage of undetermined source with leakage at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium in the late-phase frames of the angiogram in which the source of the late leakage cannot be determined from earlier-phase frames of the angiogram (occult).
d. A well-demarcated area of bright hyperfluorescence in the early phase of the angiogram with leakage through the mid- and late-phase frames which obscures the boundaries of the area (classic).
7. For all CNV lesions considered to have occult CNV with no classic CNV, one of the following criteria must be met:
a) A documented loss of visual acuity (5 or more letters of best-corrected visual acuity if both measurements are made using an ETDRS chart or, a doubling of the visual angle if Snellen acuities are available from either an outside referral center or within the participating center (e.g., 20/80 to 20/160) a doubling of the visual angle is required because of the measurement variability of Snellen acuities).
OR
b) Documented fluorescein angiographic evidence of a 10% increase in the lesion greatest linear dimension over the 3 months prior to enrollment.
OR
c) Documented blood associated with CNV.
8. The greatest linear dimension of the entire lesion (classic CNV, occult CNV and any features that could obscure the identification of classic or occult CNV) has to be less than or equal to 5400 microm in greatest linear dimension on the retina as measured by the treating ophthalmologist.
9. Retinal photographs and angiography of sufficient quality, allowing assessment of the macular area according to standard clinical practice, can be obtained.
10. While unlikely, women of childbearing potential must not be pregnant or lactating, must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and must be practicing an adequate method of birth control. Acceptable methods of birth control include intrauterine device (IUD); oral, dermal, implanted or injected contraceptives; tubal ligation; and barrier methods with spermicide.
11. Willingness to comply with the protocol.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Participants meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:
1. Choroidal neovascularization, in the study eye, associated with other ocular diseases such as pathologic myopaia, ocular histoplasmosis or posterior uveitis, etc.
2. Presence of geographic atrophy under the fovea in the study eye.
3. Evidence of retinal angiomatous proliferation as suspected by the presence of intraretinal hemorrhage, intraretinal leakage, adjoining serous PED or the presence of a connecting retinal vessel.
4. The presence of a chorio-retinal anastomosis.
5. Decreased vision, in the study eye, due to retinal disease not attributable to CNV, such as nonexudative forms of AMD, geographic atrophy, inherited retinal dystrophy, uveitis or epiretinal membrane. Participants who have any additional ocular diseases that have irreversibly compromised or, during follow-up, could likely compromise the VA of the study eye including amblyopia, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, clinically significant diabetic macular edema, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, or proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
6. Decreased vision, in the study eye, due to significant media opacity such as corneal disease or cataract, or opacity precluding photography of the retina; a tear (rip) of the RPE; a vitelliform-like lesion of the outer retina (e.g., as in pattern dystrophies or basal laminar drusen), idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasis, or central serous retinopathy.
7. Presence of fibrosis, hemorrhage, pigment epithelial detachments and other hypofluorescent lesions obscuring greater than 50% of the CNV lesion.
8. History of other systemic antiangiogenic treatment or treatment for CNV (not including photodynamic therapy and pegaptanib sodium injections) in the study eye with transpupillary thermotherapy or other local treatment (such as submacular surgery). Previous laser photocoagulation therapy is acceptable, provided it was not subfoveal.
9. Participant with a known underlying systemic disease with evidence of serious or potentially lethal uncontrolled active disease in one or more extraocular organ systems for which a defined effective medical regimen is indicated.
10. Participant with a corneal melting, necrotizing keratitis, or impending vision loss.
11. Participants with history of allergy to/or exposure to mouse protein.
12. Participant with scleritis of infectious etiology.
13. Participant receiving any other investigational therapy or another anti-TNF agent that would interfere with the ability to evaluate the safety or efficacy of infliximab.
14. Participant has significant active infection requiring hospitalization.
15. Participant with multiple sclerosis.
16. Participant has severe (class 3/4) congestive heart failure.
17. Participant has a history of cancer within the past 5 years other than basal or squamous cell carcinoma.
18. Participant is pregnant or lactating.
19. Participant with posterior scleritis.
20. Participant has evidence of liver disease (any etiology). History of moderate to severe abnormal liver function, unless documented evidence of normal liver enzymes is provided.
21. Participant has positive PPD unless cleared by Internal Medicine.
22. Participant has positive Chest X-ray showing acute pulmonary disease.
23. Participant has unexplained hematuria.
24. Participant has a history of alkylating therapy use.
25. Current exam evidence of ocular toxoplasmosis; pseudoexfoliation; external ocular infection, including conjunctivitis; chalazion; significant blepharitis; or aphakia in the study eye (pseudophakic participants are eligible).
26. Intraocular surgery (including lens replacement surgery) within 6 weeks prior to randomization.
27. Recent history of (within the last 6 months), or current acute ocular or periocular infection (including any history of ocular herpes zoster or simplex).
28. Known hypersensitivity/allergy to verteporfin, porfimer sodium, or other porphyrins, porphyria or other porphyrin sensitivity, or hypersensitivity to sunlight or bright artificial light. Participation in any other clinical study or are receiving, or have received any experimental systemic treatment for AMD (e.g.: retinoic acid, thalidomide). Local therapy for AMD is permitted.
29. Medical problems that make consistent follow-up over the treatment period unlikely (e.g. stroke, severe MI, end stage malignancy), any contraindications to performing the necessary diagnostic studies (i.e., known allergy to fluorescein dyes etc.), or in general a poor medical risk because of other systemic diseases or active uncontrolled infections.
30. Participant has a history of moderate to severe abnormal liver function, unless documented evidence of normal liver enzymes is provided.
31. Participant has a history of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
32. Participant has a history of active viral hepatitis.
33. Participant has chronic continued Ketoconazole use.
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Last update: 01/30/2009