| Disease/Syndrome |
Gastroenteritis, viral |
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| Category |
Infection, Occupational |
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| Acute/Chronic |
Acute-Moderate |
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| Synonyms |
Norovirus (formerly Norwalk-like virus) or Calcivirus gastroenteritis; Epidemic viral gastroenteritis; Rotaviral enteritis; |
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| Biomedical References |
Search PubMed |
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| Comments |
FINDINGS: Rotavirus causes gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Findings include the sudden onset of vomiting and low-grade fever followed by diarrhea. Most cases resolve spontaneously within 3 to 9 days. Adults infected with Norovirus have vomiting, diarrhea, or both. Resolution usually occurs within 24-48 hours. [ID, p. 677-81, 2161] EPIDEMIOLOGY: Rotavirus is found in about 1/3 of children, aged 5 or under, hospitalized for gastroenteritis. Outbreaks occur in daycare centers. Adult outbreaks in nursing homes have been reported, but most adults have asymptomatic infections. Norovirus gastroenteritis is transmitted by food, water, and shellfish. Transmission by contact or airborne fomites may explain the rapid spread in hospital outbreaks. Outbreaks of Norovirus also occur in cruise ships and among those living in close quarters, e.g., soldiers, athletes, and summer campers. [CCDM, p. 224-229; ID, p. 2161] Acute gastroenteritis with vomiting as the primary symptoms is usually caused by preformed toxins from Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus or by viruses, most commonly rotavirus in infants and Norwalk-like virus in children or adults. [Foodborne Illnesses. MMWR. 4/16/04] |
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| Latency/Incubation |
24-48 hours (Norovirus); 1-3 days (Rotavirus); |
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| Diagnostic |
Rotavirus: commercially available ELISA test kits; Norovirus: in research centers by direct or immune EM, RIA, or RT-PCR; |
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| ICD-9 Code |
008.6 |
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| Reference Link |
CDC: Viral Gastroenteritis |
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| Related Information in Haz-Map |
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| Symptoms/Findings |
Symptoms/Findings associated with this disease:
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| Job Tasks |
High risk job tasks associated with this disease:
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