| Agent Name |
Malathion |
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| CAS Number |
121-75-5 |
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| Formula |
C10-H19-O6-P-S2 |
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| Major Category |
Pesticides |
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| Synonyms |
((Dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio)butanedioic acid diethyl ester; AC 26691; American cyanamid 4,049; Butanedioic acid, ((dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)-thio)-, diethyl ester, (+-)-; Butanedioic acid, ((dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio)-, diethyl ester; Camathion; Carbethoxy malathion; Carbetovur; Carbetox; Carbofos; Carbophos; Chemathion; Cimexan; Compound 4049; Cythion; Detmol MA; Dicarboethoxyethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate; Diethyl ((dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio)butanedioate; Diethyl (+-)-mercaptosuccinate, S-ester with O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate; Diethyl (dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio)succinate; Diethyl mercaptosuccinate S-ester with O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate; Diethyl mercaptosuccinate, O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphate, S-ester; Diethyl(dimethoxythiophosphorylthio)succinate; Dithiophosphate de O,O-dimethyle et de S-(1,2-dicarboethoxyethyle) [French]; Dorthion; EL 4049; Emmatos Extra; Ethiolacar; Etiol; Extermathion; Flair; Forthion; Fosfothion; Fosfotion; Fosfotion 550; Fyfanon; Hilthion; IFO 13140; Insecticide No. 4049; Karbofos; Kill-A-Mite; Kop-thion; Kypfos; Latka 4049 [Czech]; Malacide; Malafor; Malagran; Malakill; Malamar; Malamar 50; Malaphos; Malasol; Malaspray; Malataf; Malathiazol; Malathion E50; Malathion LV concentrate; Malathon; Malathyl; Malation [Polish]; Malatol; Malatox; Maldison; Malmed; Malphos; Mercaptosuccinic acid diethyl ester; Mercaptothion; Mercaptotion [Spanish]; Moscarda; O,O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl) dithiophosphate; O,O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) dithiophosphate; O,O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl)phosphorodithioate; O,O-Dimethyl S-1,2-di(ethoxycarbamyl)ethyl phosphorodithioate; O,O-Dimethyl-S-1,2-(dicarbaethoxyaethyl)-dithiophosphat [German]; O,O-Dimethyl-S-1,2-dikarbetoxylethylditiofosfat [Czech]; O,O-Dimethyldithiophosphate diethylmercaptosuccinate; O,O-Dwumetylo-S-1,2-bis(karboetoksyetylo)-dwutiofosforan [Polish]; Oleophosphothion; Ortho malathion; Ovide; Paladin; Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dimethyl ester, S-ester with diethyl mercaptosuccinate; Phosphothion; Prioderm; S-(1,2-Bis(aethoxy-carbonyl)-aethyl)-O,O-dimethyl-dithiophosphat [German]; S-(1,2-Bis(carbethoxy)ethyl) O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphate; S-(1,2-Bis(ethoxy-carbonyl)-ethyl)-O,O-dimethyl-dithiofosfaat [Dutch]; S-(1,2-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate; S-(1,2-Bis(etossi-carbonil)-etil)-O,O-dimetil-ditiofosfato [Italian]; S-(1,2-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl) dimethyl phosphorothiolothionate; S-(1,2-Dicarbethoxyethyl) O,O-dimethyldithiophosphate; S-(1,2-Dicarbethoxyethyl) O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate; S-1,2-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl-O,O-dimethyl thiophosphate; SF 60; Sadofos; Sadophos; Siptox I; Succinic acid, mercapto-, diethyl ester, S-ester with O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate; Sumitox; TAK; TM-4049; Taskil; [ChemIDplus] |
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| Category |
Organophosphates |
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| Description |
Deep-brown to yellow liquid with a garlic-like odor. [insecticide]; [NIOSH] |
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| Sources/Uses |
Used on fruits and vegetables, and to control mosquitoes, flies, and animal parasites; Malthion is often used in mixtures with other pesticides. [EXTOXNET] |
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| Comments |
Malathion is one of the less potent organophosphate insecticides. It has an oral LD50 of 500-1000 mg/kg compared to an LD50 of 1-5 mg/kg for parathion. [LaDou, p. 544] Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported in farmers. [Kanerva, p. 1188] "Inhalation is not a significant route of exposure to malathion at ordinary temperatures because of its low volatility, but toxic effects can occur after inhalation of malathion sprays or dusts." [ATSDR Medical Management] |
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| Reference Link |
EXTOXNET PIP - MALATHION |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| BEI |
Cholinesterase activity in red cells = 70% of individual's baseline, sample time discretionary; [ACGIH] |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
Yes |
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| TLV (ACGIH) |
1 mg/m3, inhalable fraction and vapor |
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| PEL (OSHA) |
15 mg/m3, total dust |
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| MAK |
15 mg/m3, inhalable fraction |
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| IDLH (NIOSH) |
250 mg/m3 |
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| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Human data: Workers exposed to initial concentrations up to 85 mg/m3 for 1 hour (that may have declined rapidly) over 42 consecutive days suffered no adverse effects [Golz 1959]. Workers exposed to concentrations that peaked at 56 mg/m3 and averaged 3.3 mg/m3 for 5 hours had normal cholinesterase levels [Culver et al. 1956]. A lethal oral dose of 246 to 471 mg/kg has been reported [Farago 1967; Jusic and Milic 1978]. [Note: An oral dose of 246 to 471 mg/kg is equivalent to a 70�kg worker being exposed to about 11,500 to 22,100 mg/m3 for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.] |
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| Vapor Pressure |
4 x 10 -05 mm Hg |
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| Reference Link |
ATSDR Medical Management - Malathion |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Skin Sensitizer |
Yes |
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| Other Poison |
Organophosphate |
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| IARC Carcinogen |
Not Classifiable |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: MALATHION
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