Fat-Soluble Vitamins & Micronutrients: Vitamins A and E and Carotenoids
Serum alpha-carotene
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Table 2.4.a. Serum alpha-carotene: Total population
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for the total U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.48 |
(2.23-2.76) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.800) |
2.36 |
(2.10-2.70) |
8.50 |
(7.40-9.30) |
8359 |
3–5 years |
2.41 |
(2.13-2.74) |
.800 |
(<LOD-1.00) |
2.20 |
(1.90-2.50) |
8.50 |
(7.00-10.3) |
430 |
6–11 years |
2.24 |
(2.00-2.51) |
.800 |
(.800-.900) |
2.00 |
(1.80-2.30) |
6.10 |
(5.20-7.70) |
1014 |
12–19 years |
1.68 |
(1.52-1.86) |
< LOD |
|
1.40 |
(1.30-1.60) |
5.10 |
(4.40-6.20) |
2206 |
20–39 years |
2.22 |
(1.93-2.56) |
< LOD |
|
2.20 |
(1.90-2.50) |
7.80 |
(6.70-8.80) |
1716 |
40–59 years |
2.98 |
(2.60-3.42) |
.800 |
(.700-1.00) |
2.80 |
(2.50-3.30) |
10.7 |
(8.60-13.0) |
1470 |
60 years and older |
3.08 |
(2.74-3.46) |
.800 |
(<LOD-1.00) |
3.10 |
(2.70-3.60) |
9.10 |
(8.60-9.80) |
1523 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.22 |
(1.98-2.49) |
< LOD |
|
2.10 |
(1.90-2.30) |
7.20 |
(6.30-8.60) |
4052 |
3–5 years |
2.29 |
(1.91-2.74) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.800) |
2.00 |
(1.70-2.40) |
7.20 |
(5.00-11.1) |
217 |
6–11 years |
2.28 |
(1.96-2.65) |
.800 |
(.800-1.00) |
2.00 |
(1.80-2.40) |
6.60 |
(5.00-8.50) |
507 |
12–19 years |
1.55 |
(1.38-1.75) |
< LOD |
|
1.40 |
(1.20-1.60) |
4.40 |
(3.80-6.00) |
1092 |
20–39 years |
1.99 |
(1.72-2.31) |
< LOD |
|
1.80 |
(1.50-2.10) |
6.90 |
(5.60-8.60) |
724 |
40–59 years |
2.53 |
(2.17-2.95) |
.800 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.40 |
(2.00-2.90) |
8.60 |
(6.30-11.3) |
763 |
60 years and older |
2.81 |
(2.48-3.18) |
.800 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.90 |
(2.50-3.50) |
8.40 |
(7.40-9.30) |
749 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.75 |
(2.47-3.07) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.70 |
(2.30-3.00) |
9.20 |
(8.20-10.5) |
4307 |
3–5 years |
2.55 |
(1.99-3.26) |
.700 |
(<LOD-1.50) |
2.30 |
(1.80-3.10) |
9.70 |
(7.10-12.4) |
213 |
6–11 years |
2.20 |
(1.97-2.45) |
.800 |
(.800-.900) |
2.10 |
(1.80-2.30) |
5.80 |
(4.90-6.50) |
507 |
12–19 years |
1.83 |
(1.63-2.04) |
< LOD |
|
1.70 |
(1.50-2.00) |
5.40 |
(4.60-6.90) |
1114 |
20–39 years |
2.45 |
(2.10-2.86) |
< LOD |
|
2.30 |
(1.90-2.70) |
8.10 |
(6.80-9.20) |
992 |
40–59 years |
3.55 |
(3.10-4.06) |
1.10 |
(.900-1.30) |
3.40 |
(2.90-3.70) |
12.4 |
(10.5-15.8) |
707 |
60 years and older |
3.30 |
(2.87-3.79) |
1.00 |
(.800-1.20) |
3.20 |
(2.80-3.90) |
9.70 |
(8.70-10.4) |
774 |
< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD. |
Table 2.4.b. Serum alpha-carotene: Mexican Americans
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for Mexican Americans in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.72 |
(2.39-3.10) |
1.00 |
(.900-1.10) |
2.50 |
(2.30-2.80) |
7.40 |
(6.30-8.90) |
2116 |
3–5 years |
2.56 |
(2.12-3.08) |
1.00 |
(.800-1.50) |
2.20 |
(2.10-2.50) |
6.40 |
(4.50-9.00) |
126 |
6–11 years |
2.43 |
(2.12-2.79) |
.900 |
(.800-1.10) |
2.20 |
(2.00-2.70) |
5.40 |
(4.70-6.70) |
290 |
12–19 years |
1.90 |
(1.71-2.11) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.800) |
1.70 |
(1.50-2.10) |
5.30 |
(3.90-6.40) |
696 |
20–39 years |
2.92 |
(2.48-3.43) |
1.00 |
(.800-1.30) |
2.80 |
(2.50-3.40) |
8.00 |
(6.60-9.10) |
460 |
40–59 years |
3.39 |
(2.71-4.24) |
1.10 |
(.900-1.40) |
3.30 |
(2.60-4.10) |
8.70 |
(7.20-14.3) |
289 |
60 years and older |
3.04 |
(2.35-3.94) |
.900 |
(<LOD-1.30) |
2.90 |
(2.30-4.00) |
8.90 |
(6.20-13.7) |
255 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.46 |
(2.13-2.83) |
.800 |
(.700-1.00) |
2.44 |
(2.20-2.70) |
6.60 |
(5.30-8.00) |
1019 |
3–5 years |
2.37 |
(1.70-3.32) |
.800† |
(<LOD-1.50) |
2.20 |
(1.70-2.80) |
5.90† |
(2.90-12.1) |
62 |
6–11 years |
2.39 |
(1.89-3.03) |
.800 |
(.700-1.00) |
2.20 |
(1.70-2.90) |
5.50 |
(3.90-8.40) |
140 |
12–19 years |
1.69 |
(1.48-1.92) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.800) |
1.50 |
(1.30-1.90) |
4.20 |
(3.30-6.20) |
330 |
20–39 years |
2.51 |
(2.06-3.06) |
.800 |
(<LOD-1.10) |
2.60 |
(2.10-3.10) |
6.70 |
(5.20-7.90) |
213 |
40–59 years |
3.33 |
(2.61-4.23) |
1.20 |
(.800-1.70) |
3.20 |
(2.50-4.10) |
8.10 |
(5.90-13.2) |
149 |
60 years and older |
2.49 |
(1.83-3.38) |
.700 |
(<LOD-1.10) |
2.60 |
(1.90-3.00) |
7.00 |
(5.50-9.10) |
125 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
3.04 |
(2.66-3.48) |
1.00 |
(.900-1.20) |
2.80 |
(2.50-3.30) |
8.50 |
(7.10-10.8) |
1097 |
3–5 years |
2.75 |
(2.28-3.32) |
1.20† |
(<LOD-1.60) |
2.40 |
(2.00-3.10) |
6.00† |
(4.20-9.00) |
64 |
6–11 years |
2.48 |
(2.16-2.85) |
1.20 |
(.900-1.50) |
2.30 |
(1.90-3.00) |
5.00 |
(4.00-6.00) |
150 |
12–19 years |
2.16 |
(1.92-2.43) |
.800 |
(.700-.900) |
2.00 |
(1.60-2.50) |
5.80 |
(4.40-7.30) |
366 |
20–39 years |
3.45 |
(2.87-4.15) |
1.20 |
(.900-1.40) |
3.20 |
(2.60-4.30) |
9.10 |
(8.00-12.7) |
247 |
40–59 years |
3.46 |
(2.66-4.49) |
.900 |
(.700-1.40) |
3.30 |
(2.40-4.80) |
10.8 |
(8.00-14.8) |
140 |
60 years and older |
3.58 |
(2.63-4.86) |
1.30 |
(.900-1.80) |
3.60 |
(2.40-4.80) |
11.5 |
(6.00-15.2) |
130 |
< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |
Table 2.4.c. Serum alpha-carotene: Non-Hispanic blacks
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
1.77 |
(1.51-2.08) |
< LOD |
|
1.60 |
(1.30-1.90) |
6.10 |
(4.80-8.20) |
1992 |
3–5 years |
1.75 |
(1.40-2.17) |
< LOD |
|
1.40 |
(1.10-1.80) |
5.00 |
(3.20-13.9) |
128 |
6–11 years |
1.92 |
(1.69-2.19) |
.900 |
(.800-1.00) |
1.70 |
(1.40-1.90) |
4.30 |
(3.50-5.60) |
340 |
12–19 years |
1.38 |
(1.20-1.59) |
< LOD |
|
1.20 |
(1.10-1.50) |
3.90 |
(2.80-5.30) |
671 |
20–39 years |
1.71 |
(1.27-2.29) |
< LOD |
|
1.50 |
(1.10-2.10) |
5.80 |
(3.90-11.4) |
319 |
40–59 years |
1.88 |
(1.65-2.13) |
< LOD |
|
1.80 |
(1.50-2.00) |
7.20 |
(6.10-9.70) |
291 |
60 years and older |
2.22 |
(1.70-2.90) |
< LOD |
|
2.00 |
(1.40-2.70) |
9.30 |
(4.90-15.1) |
243 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
1.65 |
(1.38-1.96) |
< LOD |
|
1.40 |
(1.20-1.80) |
5.80 |
(4.20-7.40) |
984 |
3–5 years |
1.54 |
(1.18-2.02) |
< LOD† |
|
1.30 |
(1.00-1.90) |
3.90† |
(2.20-13.9) |
64 |
6–11 years |
2.08 |
(1.82-2.36) |
.900 |
(.800-1.20) |
1.90 |
(1.70-2.20) |
4.60 |
(3.50-6.60) |
175 |
12–19 years |
1.32 |
(1.11-1.57) |
< LOD |
|
1.10 |
(1.00-1.34) |
3.30 |
(2.70-5.50) |
340 |
20–39 years |
1.55 |
(1.07-2.24) |
< LOD |
|
1.40 |
(.900-2.30) |
6.10 |
(3.40-9.60) |
132 |
40–59 years |
1.71 |
(1.44-2.03) |
< LOD |
|
1.80 |
(1.20-2.10) |
6.60 |
(4.50-8.40) |
154 |
60 years and older |
1.94 |
(1.56-2.43) |
< LOD |
|
1.50 |
(1.30-2.40) |
6.70 |
(4.20-12.5) |
119 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
1.88 |
(1.58-2.23) |
< LOD |
|
1.70 |
(1.40-1.90) |
6.50 |
(4.90-9.40) |
1008 |
3–5 years |
1.98 |
(1.52-2.60) |
< LOD† |
|
1.70 |
(1.30-2.20) |
6.00† |
(3.20-33.8) |
64 |
6–11 years |
1.76 |
(1.40-2.22) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.900) |
1.60 |
(1.30-1.90) |
3.70 |
(2.60-8.30) |
165 |
12–19 years |
1.45 |
(1.27-1.65) |
< LOD |
|
1.30 |
(1.10-1.60) |
4.00 |
(2.90-5.50) |
331 |
20–39 years |
1.83 |
(1.33-2.50) |
< LOD |
|
1.80 |
(1.10-2.20) |
5.30 |
(3.90-11.5) |
187 |
40–59 years |
2.04 |
(1.69-2.46) |
< LOD |
|
1.70 |
(1.50-2.10) |
7.90 |
(5.90-13.8) |
137 |
60 years and older |
2.44 |
(1.71-3.47) |
< LOD |
|
2.10 |
(1.40-3.20) |
9.40 |
(5.90-17.6) |
124 |
< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |
Table 2.4.d. Serum alpha-carotene: Non-Hispanic whites
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.57 |
(2.25-2.94) |
.800 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.40 |
(2.10-2.90) |
8.80 |
(7.70-10.2) |
3583 |
3–5 years |
2.46 |
(1.95-3.11) |
.800 |
(<LOD-1.40) |
2.10 |
(1.70-3.00) |
8.50 |
(5.60-11.1) |
133 |
6–11 years |
2.29 |
(1.98-2.65) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.20 |
(1.80-2.50) |
6.50 |
(4.90-10.2) |
301 |
12–19 years |
1.69 |
(1.48-1.93) |
< LOD |
|
1.40 |
(1.20-1.70) |
5.30 |
(4.40-6.50) |
656 |
20–39 years |
2.17 |
(1.86-2.55) |
< LOD |
|
2.00 |
(1.60-2.30) |
8.10 |
(6.30-9.20) |
772 |
40–59 years |
3.12 |
(2.66-3.67) |
.900 |
(.800-1.20) |
2.90 |
(2.50-3.40) |
11.3 |
(8.60-14.2) |
777 |
60 years and older |
3.16 |
(2.78-3.58) |
.900 |
(<LOD-1.00) |
3.30 |
(2.80-3.80) |
9.20 |
(8.50-9.90) |
944 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.28 |
(1.99-2.62) |
< LOD |
|
2.10 |
(1.90-2.60) |
7.80 |
(6.30-9.20) |
1739 |
3–5 years |
2.44 |
(1.99-2.98) |
1.00† |
(<LOD-1.30) |
2.20 |
(1.70-2.50) |
8.50† |
(4.40-11.3) |
72 |
6–11 years |
2.35 |
(1.87-2.96) |
.900 |
(<LOD-1.10) |
2.00 |
(1.60-2.70) |
8.10 |
(4.40-13.4) |
157 |
12–19 years |
1.53 |
(1.31-1.79) |
< LOD |
|
1.30 |
(1.10-1.70) |
4.40 |
(3.80-6.20) |
323 |
20–39 years |
1.95 |
(1.66-2.28) |
< LOD |
|
1.90 |
(1.50-2.10) |
7.30 |
(5.20-8.90) |
312 |
40–59 years |
2.59 |
(2.16-3.11) |
.800 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.50 |
(2.00-3.00) |
8.80 |
(5.70-12.0) |
407 |
60 years and older |
2.86 |
(2.47-3.32) |
.800 |
(<LOD-.900) |
3.00 |
(2.30-3.70) |
8.40 |
(7.40-9.80) |
468 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
2.89 |
(2.49-3.35) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.90 |
(2.40-3.20) |
9.70 |
(8.30-11.5) |
1844 |
3–5 years |
2.49 |
(1.49-4.17) |
< LOD† |
|
2.20 |
(1.50-4.70) |
8.50† |
(5.40-14.7) |
61 |
6–11 years |
2.22 |
(1.97-2.50) |
.700 |
(<LOD-.900) |
2.20 |
(1.80-2.60) |
6.00 |
(4.40-8.40) |
144 |
12–19 years |
1.86 |
(1.58-2.19) |
< LOD |
|
1.70 |
(1.50-2.20) |
5.90 |
(4.80-7.50) |
333 |
20–39 years |
2.40 |
(2.00-2.89) |
< LOD |
|
2.30 |
(1.80-2.80) |
8.30 |
(7.20-10.5) |
460 |
40–59 years |
3.83 |
(3.26-4.51) |
1.20 |
(.900-1.40) |
3.60 |
(3.10-4.50) |
12.7 |
(10.4-17.0) |
370 |
60 years and older |
3.40 |
(2.92-3.96) |
1.10 |
(.800-1.30) |
3.37 |
(2.90-4.10) |
9.50 |
(8.60-10.5) |
476 |
< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some compounds by year. See Appendix D for LOD.
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |