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Table 1 |
Populations Monitored in the National HIV Serosurveillance System, 1993–1997 |
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Table 2 |
HIV Prevalence Among Patients at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics, by Metropolitan Area and Exposure Category, 1993–1997 |
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Table 3 |
HIV Prevalence Among Injection Drug Users Entering Drug Treatment Centers,
by Metropolitan Areas and Sex, 1993–1997 |
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Table 4 |
HIV Prevalence by Serosurveillance
Population, by Region and Race/Ethnicity, 1993–1997 |
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Table 5 |
HIV Prevalence Among Injection Drug Users at Drug Treatment Centers and Heterosexual Injection Drug Users at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics, by City, 1993–1997 |
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Table 6 |
HIV Prevalence Among Youth at Adolescent Medicine Clinics, 1993–1997 |
Table 1. Populations Monitored in the National HIV Serosurveillance System,
1993–1997
| Population |
Method of Monitoring |
Location |
| High-Risk |
|
|
| Homosexual and bisexual men |
Anonymous unlinked survey |
23 STD clinics in 13 metropolitan areas (U.S.) |
| High-risk heterosexual men and women |
Anonymous unlinked survey |
23 STD clinics in 13 metropolitan areas (U.S.) |
| Injection drug users |
Anonymous unlinked survey |
22 drug treatment centers in 14 metropolitan areas (U.S.) |
| Youth |
|
|
| Adolescent medicine clinic patients |
Anonymous unlinked survey |
5 adolescent medicine clinics in 3 metropolitan areas (U.S.) |
| Job Corps entrants |
Routine HIV screening |
Job Corps residential facilities (U.S. and Puerto Rico) |
| Low-Risk |
|
|
| Blood donors |
Routine HIV screening |
American National Red Cross collection sites (U.S. and Puerto Rico) |
| Military applicants |
Routine HIV screening |
Military recruitment centers (U.S. and Puerto Rico) |
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Table 2. HIV Prevalence Among Patients at Sexually Transmitted Disease
Clinics, by Metropolitan Area and Exposure Category, 1993-1997
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metropolitan Area
(No. of clinics) |
Men who have sex with mena |
Heterosexual men and womena |
Specimens tested
(No. HIV-positive) |
% HIV-positiveb
(Range) |
Specimens tested
(No. HIV-positive) |
% HIV-positiveb
(Range) |
| Northeast |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Boston, Massachusetts (1) |
205 |
(47) |
23 |
|
5,549 |
(130) |
2.3 |
|
| New York, New York (4) |
1,554 |
(443) |
29 |
(22-31) |
27,650 |
(1,189) |
4.3 |
(2.7-5.0) |
| Newark, New Jersey (1) |
155 |
(48) |
31 |
|
11,711 |
(538) |
4.6 |
|
| Midwest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Detroit, Michigan (1) |
114 |
(39) |
34 |
|
13,312 |
(109) |
0.8 |
|
| South |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Atlanta, Georgia (2) |
394 |
(154) |
39 |
(33-45) |
11,718 |
(238) |
2.0 |
(1.4-2.6) |
| Houston, Texas (4) |
2,364 |
(666) |
28 |
(26-32) |
28,552 |
(600) |
2.1 |
(1.9-3.7) |
| Miami, Florida (2) |
499 |
(163) |
33 |
(32.6-32.9) |
17,149 |
(940) |
5.5 |
(3.8-6.7) |
| New Orleans, Louisiana (1) |
153 |
(35) |
23 |
|
9,814 |
(181) |
1.8 |
|
| West |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Denver, Colorado (1) |
816 |
(161) |
20 |
|
12,852 |
(46) |
0.4 |
|
| Los Angeles, California (3) |
1,629 |
(445) |
27 |
(24-29) |
33,215 |
(331) |
1.0 |
(0.6-1.4) |
| Phoenix, Arizona (1) |
329 |
(63) |
19 |
|
9,892 |
(33) |
0.3 |
|
| San Francisco, California (1) |
3,700 |
(1,003) |
27 |
|
11,648 |
(303) |
0.3 |
|
| Seattle, Washington (1) |
681 |
(53) |
8 |
|
5,799 |
(17) |
0.3 |
|
| TOTAL |
12,593 |
(3,320) |
26 |
(8-39) |
198,861 |
(4,655) |
2.3 |
(0.3-5.5) |
a Results from patients whose records indicated they had ever
injected drugs were excluded from analyses.
b Prevalence rates are unadjusted
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Table 3. HIV Prevalence Among Injection Drug Users Entering Drug Treatment Centers, by Metropolitan Area and Exposure Category, 1993-1997
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metropolitan Area
(No. of clinics) |
Men |
Women |
Specimens tested
(No. HIV-positive) |
% HIV-positivea
(Range) |
Specimens tested
(No. HIV-positive) |
% HIV-positivea
(Range) |
| Northeast |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Boston, Massachusetts (2) |
1,319 |
(173) |
13 |
(12-15) |
771 |
(117) |
15 |
(12-15) |
| New York, New York (4) |
6,628 |
(2,418) |
36 |
(19-41) |
2,591 |
(964) |
37 |
(20-40) |
| Newark, New Jersey (2) |
891 |
(247) |
28 |
(23-34) |
488 |
(139) |
28 |
(21-40) |
| Midwest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chicago, Illinois (1) |
1,606 |
(289) |
18 |
|
789 |
(115) |
15 |
|
| Detroit, Michigan (1) |
1,705 |
(87) |
5 |
|
668 |
(51) |
8 |
|
| South |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Atlanta, Georgia (1) |
662 |
(142) |
21 |
|
164 |
(28) |
17 |
|
| Baltimore, Maryland (1) |
627 |
(103) |
16 |
|
398 |
(84) |
21 |
|
| Miami, Florida (2) |
347 |
(56) |
16 |
(15-17) |
163 |
(20) |
12 |
(3.8-6.7) |
| New Orleans, Louisiana (1) |
364 |
(18) |
5 |
|
131 |
(6) |
5 |
|
| San Juan, Puerto Rico (1) |
4,156 |
(1,018) |
24 |
|
619 |
(193) |
31 |
|
| West |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Denver, Colorado (2) |
1,320 |
(19) |
1 |
(1-2) |
659 |
(10) |
2 |
(1-2) |
| Los Angeles, California (2) |
2,583 |
(32) |
1 |
(1.0-1.4) |
1,470 |
(27) |
2 |
(1.8-1.9) |
| San Francisco, California (1) |
2,879 |
(152) |
5 |
|
1,512 |
(99) |
7 |
|
| Seattle, Washington (1) |
552 |
(11) |
2 |
|
462 |
(8) |
2 |
|
| TOTAL |
12,593 |
(3,320) |
26 |
(8-39) |
198,861 |
(4,655) |
2.3 |
(0.3-5.5) |
a Prevalence rates are unadjusted.
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Table 4. HIV Prevalence Among Patients at Sexually Transmitted Disease
Clinics, by Metropolitan Area and Exposure Category, 1993-1997a
|
|
|
|
| |
% HIV-Positiveb |
| Black |
Hispanic |
White |
| Men who have sex with men, STD clinicsc |
|
|
|
| Northeast |
41 |
27 |
15 |
| South |
39 |
27 |
25 |
| West |
38 |
26 |
21 |
| Total |
40 |
26 |
21 |
| Heterosexual men and women, STD clinics |
|
|
|
| Northeast |
4.3 |
4.0 |
1.5 |
| Midwestd |
0.8 |
- |
0.0 |
| South |
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
| West |
1.1 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
| Total |
2.8 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
| Heterosexual men and women, STD clinics |
|
|
|
| Northeast |
42 |
38 |
17 |
| Midwest |
11 |
27 |
6.2 |
| South |
20 |
24 |
6.8 |
| West |
11 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
| Total |
22 |
22 |
6.9 |
| Patients, adolescent medicine clinicse |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Job Corps entrants |
|
|
|
| Northeast |
0.31 |
0.15 |
0.03 |
| Midwest |
0.15 |
0.06 |
0.02 |
| South |
0.39 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
| West |
0.16 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
| Total |
0.32 |
0.08 |
0.05 |
| Military applicants |
|
|
|
| Northeast |
0.25 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
| Midwest |
0.14 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
| South |
0.13 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
| West |
0.16 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
| Total |
0.15 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
a Race/ethnicity data not available for blood
donors.
b Prevalence rates are unadjusted.
c Data not presented for Midwest because of small numbers.
d Data not presented for Hispanics in the Midwest because of small
numbers.
e Not analyzed by region because of small numbers.
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Table 5. HIV Prevalence Among Injection Drug
Users at Drug Treatment Centers and Heterosexual Injection Drug Users at
Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics, by City, 1993–1997
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Drug Treatment Centers |
STD clinicsb |
| No. |
Prevalence, %c |
No. |
Prevalence, %d |
| Atlanta |
826 |
20.6 |
220 |
15.5 |
| Denver |
1,979 |
1.5 |
614 |
1.6 |
| Detroit |
2,433 |
5.7 |
127 |
3.7 |
| Los Angeles |
4,053 |
1.5 |
591 |
2.7 |
| New York |
9,219 |
36.7 |
835 |
25.9 |
| Seattle |
1,014 |
1.9 |
446 |
0.9 |
| San Francisco |
4,391 |
5.7 |
726 |
6.7 |
a Includes only cities that tested ≥ 100 specimens from at
least one drug treatment center and at least one STD clinic.
b Men who reported they had sex with men were excluded from the
analysis of injection drug users in STD clinics.
c Unadjusted prevalence rates.
d STD clinic population adjusted to the racial composition (white
vs. Hispanic or black) of the drug treatment center population for each city.
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Table 6. HIV Prevalence Among Youth at Adolescent Medicine Clinics, 1993–1997
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
No. of centers |
Specimens tested
(No. HIV-positive) |
% HIV-positivea
(Range) |
| Age, years |
|
|
|
|
|
| 13 - 19 |
5 |
19,678 |
(73) |
0.4 |
(0.3 - 0.6) |
| 20 - 24 |
5 |
4,208 |
(23) |
0.5 |
(0.0 - 0.8) |
| Race/ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
| Black |
5 |
14,889 |
(83) |
0.6 |
(0.4 - 0.8) |
| Hispanic |
4 |
7,209 |
(10) |
0.1 |
(0.0 - 0.2) |
| White |
4 |
1,283 |
(1) |
0.1 |
(0.0 - 0.4) |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
| Female |
5 |
20,109 |
(81) |
0.4 |
(0.2 - 0.5) |
| Male |
5 |
3,777 |
(15) |
0.4 |
(0.0 - 0.7) |
| Total |
5 |
23,886 |
(96) |
0.4 |
(0.2 - 0.5) |
a Prevalence rates are unadjusted
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