Websites

Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH) This planning activity guides you in assessing your organization’s resources and regulatory readiness to address the problem. You may access information about APEXPH at http://www.naccho.org/topics/infrastructure/APEXPH.cfm. *

An Ounce of Prevention This report provides information on cost/benefit analyses in public health planning. It outlines 19 strategies and demonstrates how spending money to prevent disease and injury and promote healthy lifestyles makes good economic sense. An Ounce of Prevention is located at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/prevent.htm.

Best Practices Information You’ll find Best Practices Information at http://www.itpolicy.gsa.gov/.

Center for Science in Public Interest This web site contains suggestions for enacting policy and environmental strategies that can support healthy behaviors in communities. (upcoming policy component of site) http://www.cspinet.org/. *

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Evaluation Resources This web site includes resources (including how to develop logic models), evaluation organizations, documents to assist in designing evaluations of programs. http://www.cdc.gov/eval/resources.htm

Community Toolbox For information on ways to "promote community health and development by connecting people, ideas, and resources" access the Community Toolbox at http://ctb.ku.edu. *

Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health The Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health was developed to summarize and organize the essential elements of program evaluations; provide a framework for conducting effective program evaluations; clarify the steps in program evaluation; review standards for effective program evaluation; and address misconceptions regarding the purpose and methods of program evaluation. Step 1 in the Program Evaluation section of the publication describes the engaging of stakeholders. This framework will assist you in developing your logic model. The suggested citation for this publication is: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. MMWR 1999;48(No.RR-11): [inclusive page numbers]. You may access the Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health at http://www.cdc.gov/eval/framework.htm.

Office of Human Subjects Research Protections Ethical issues are embedded in all facets of intervention. Any attempt to intervene, even with the best of intentions, carries with it ethical decisions and moral dilemmas. For information regarding ethical issues, begin with the DHHS’s Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) which is located at http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/.

Precede-Proceed Model The goals of the Precede-Proceed Model of health promotion program are to explain health-related behaviors and to design and evaluate the intervention designated to influence both the behaviors and the living conditions that influence them and their sequelae. This model has been applied, tested, studied, extended and verified in hundreds of published studies and thousands of unpublished projects in community, schools, clinical, and workplace settings over the last decade. To access further information about Precede-Proceed go to http://hsc.usf.edu/~kmbrown/PRECEDE_PROCEED_Overview.htm. *

Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) The Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH), developed by the CDC and its partners, is widely recognized as an effective model for planning, conducting, and evaluating community health promotion and disease prevention programs. It is used by diverse communities in the United States and several nations to address a variety of health concerns such as cardiovascular disease, HIV, Injuries, teen pregnancy, and access to health care. The PATCH Guide contains "how to" information on the process, things to consider when adapting the process to your community, and sample overheads and handout materials. You’ll find PATCH at http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000064/p0000064.asp.

Population Group Statements For an example of problem statements for population groups, access the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion’s "Minority and Ethnic Groups" page at http://www.cdc.gov/omh/default.htm.

Principles of Community Engagement Principles of Community Engagement provides public health professionals and community leaders with a science base and practical guidelines for engaging the public in community decision-making and action for health promotion, health protection, and disease prevention. The material provided can help public health professionals and community leaders improve communication, promote common understanding, and strengthen coordination, collaboration, and partnerships efforts among themselves and community members and institutions. You will find Principles of Community Engagement at http://www.cdc.gov/phppo/pce/index.htm.

Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice Theory at a Glance explains multiple levels of influence on behavior as well as a multi-level interactive approach to change. It describes the Stages of Change, Health Belief, PRECEDE-PROCEED, and Consumer Information Processing Models in addition to the Social Learning, Community Organization, and Diffusion of Innovation Theories. Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice is located at http://cancer.gov/cancerinformation/theory-at-a-glance.

Other Websites

Cross Cultural Health Care Program http://www.xculture.org *

Division of Disability and Health http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dh/

Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, CDC http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/

Healthy Communities Programs, a Division of the National Civic League http://www.ncl.org *

Intervention Structuring Guide (ITSG) Intervention_Theory_Structuring_Guide.pdf (PDF 147K)

Social Marketing Network http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/canada/regions/ab-nwt/pdf/resources/e_socialmarketing_toolkit.pdf * (PDF 248K)

Journals

The following is a list of journals that frequently include articles on population and factor-specific strategies:

Alcohol Research and Health http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/Publications/AlcoholResearch/

American Journal of Health Behavior http://www.ajhb.org/ *

Evaluation and the Health Professions http://www.sagepub.co.uk *

Health Education and Behavior (Formerly Health Education Quarterly) http://www.sagepub.co.uk *

Health Education Research http://her.oupjournals.org/ *

Journal of Health Communication http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10810730.html *

Public Opinion Quarterly http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/ *

Social Marketing Quarterly http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15245004.html *

Documents

Community Success Community_success.pdf (PDF 44K)

Cause/Effect Theory Structuring Guide Cause_Effect_Theory_Structuring.pdf (PDF 9K)

Health Behavior Factors Health_Behavior_Factors.pdf (PDF 310K)

Theory-Based Evaluation Theory-based_eval.htm

Bibliographies

Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J.F. (1994). Principles of biomedical ethics (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Becker, M. H. (1986). The tyranny of health. Public Health Reviews, 14, 15-25.

Becker, M. H. (1993). A medical sociologist looks at health promotion. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 1-6.

Braithwaite, S. S. (1994). Distributive justice: Must we say yes when society says no? In J. F. Monagle and D. C. Thomasa (Eds.), Health care ethics: critical issues (pp. 295-304). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.

Brown, W. J., & Singhal, A. (1990). Ethical dilemmas of prosocial television. Communication Quarterly, 38(3), 268-280.

Bungener, M. (1987). Health promotion and ethics. In S. Doxiadis (Ed.), Ethical dilemmas in health promotion (pp. 117-128). New York: Wiley & Sons.

Campbell, A. V. (1990). Education or indoctrination? The issue of autonomy in health education. In S. Doxiadis (Ed.), Ethics in health education, (pp. 15-27). New York: Wiley & Sons.

Daniels, N. (1985). Just health care. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Daniels, N. (1996). Justice and justification: Reflective equilibrium in theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.

Duncan P. & Cribb, A. (1996). Helping people change--An ethical approach? Health Education Research, 11(3), 339-348.

Faden, R. R. (1987). Ethical issues in government sponsored public health campaigns. Health Education Quarterly, 14(1), 227-37.

Guttman, N. (2000). Public Health Communication Interventions: Values and Ethical Dilemmas. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Guttman, N. (1997). Ethical dilemmas in health communication interventions. Health Communication, 9(2), 155-190.

Hiller, M. D. (1987). Ethics and health education: Issues in theory and practice. In P.M. Lazes, L.H. Kaplan, , & K.A. Gordon (Eds.). The handbook of health education (2nd ed.) (pp. 87-107) Rockville, Maryland: Aspen Publishers.

McLeroy, K. R., Gottlieb, N.H., & Burdine, J. N. (1987). The business of health promotion: Ethical issues and professional responsibilities. Health Education Quarterly, 14(1), 91-109.

Pearce, J.A. and Robinson, R.B., Strategic Management: Strategy Formulation and Implementation, 1988.

Pollay, R. W. (1989). Campaigns, change and culture: On the polluting potential of persuasion. In C. T. Salmon, (Ed.), Information campaigns: Balancing social values and social change (pp. 185-196). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Salmon, C .T. (1989). Campaigns for social "improvement": An overview of values, rationales and impacts. In C. T. Salmon (Ed.), Information campaigns: Balancing social values and social change (pp. 19-53). Newbury park, CA: Sage.

Seedhouse, D. (1991). Ethics: The heart of healthcare. New York: Wiley.

Wikler, D. (1978). Persuasion and Coercion for health: Ethical issues in government efforts to change life-style. Millbank Memorial Fund Quartile/Health and Society, 56(3), 303-338.

Wikler, D. (1987). Who should be blamed for being sick? Health Education Quarterly, 14(1), 11-25.

Witte, K. (1994). The manipulative nature of health communication research: Ethical issues and guidelines. American Behavioral Scientist, 38(2), 285-293.

Additional References