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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Manganese Fume (as Mn) |
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General Description
Synonym: Mn
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1620
IMIS Name History: Manganese prior to 9/1/89
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7439-96-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: OO9275000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Manganese compounds and fume (as Mn): chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 5 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 5 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 5 mg/m3 Ceiling
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.2 mg/m3 TWA (TLV listed as Manganese and inorganic compounds, as Mn)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 1 mg/m3 TWA; 3 mg/m3 STEL
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 500 mg Mn/m3
Potential symptoms: Parkinson's (gait disturbances, clumsiness, tremor, speech disturbances, mask-like facial expression, and psychological disturbances); asthenia, insomnia, mental confusion; hypersomnia, anorexia; headache; metal fume fever: dry throat; cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, rales, flu-like fever; low-back pain; vomiting; malaise; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); kidney damage; bronchitis, pneumonitis.
Health Effects: Cumulative CNS damage (HE7); Lung damage (HE10)
Affected organs: Respiratory system, CNS, blood, kidneys.
Notes: 1) Cofactor of some enzymes and therefore nutritionally essential to humans, with a recommended daily intake of 2-5 mg/day in adults. 2) Manganese may depress humoral immunity, alveolar macrophage function and phagocytic activity, leading to an increased susceptibility to pneumonia. 3) Psychological disturbances may precede the onset of parkinsonism and can include inappropriate laughter, euphoria, impulsiveness, absent-mindedness or confusion, aggressiveness, and hallucinations. 4) Major exposure of some brain areas to manganese may occur via retrograde transport in olfactory neurons innervating the nasal mucosa, rather than via the lungs and general circulation.
Date Last Revised: 06/17/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Manganese compounds and fume (as Mn).
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Manganese.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Manganese Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- Brenneman, K.A., Wong, B.A., Buccellato, M.A., Costa, E.R., Gross, E.A. and Droman, D.C.: Direct olfactory transport of inhaled manganese (54MnCl2) to the rat brain: toxicokinetic investigations in a unilateral nasal occlusion model. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 169(3): 238-248, 2000.
- Hobbesland, ?., Kjuus, H. and Thelle, D.S.: Mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases among male workers in Norwegian ferroalloy plants. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 23(5): 342-350, 1997.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Manganese (Dust and Fume). In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1444-1447.
- Racette, B.A., McGee-Minnich, L, Moerlein, S.M., Mink, J.W., Videen, T.O. and Perlmutter, J.S.: Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology. Neurology 56(1): 8-13, 2001.
- Wergeland, E. and Iversen, B.G.: Deaths from pneumonia after welding. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 27(5): 353, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns
maximum volume: 960 Liters minimum volume: 480 Liters
maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min (TWA)
maximum volume: 30 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min (STEL)
maximum volume: 10 Liters minimum time: 5 Minutes
maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min (Ceiling)
current analytical method: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; AAS
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 121)
method classification: Fully Validated
alternative analytical method: Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma; ICP/DCP-AES
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 125G)
method classification: Fully Validated
note: Samples may be collected up to an 8 hour period, if the filter is not overloaded. Analytical method does not distinguish between dust & fume.
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