× denotes a cross between two species (e.g., Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum halepense), a binomial for a hybrid (e.g., S. ×almum), or an intergeneric hybrid (e.g., ×Triticosecale).

= follows synonyms and precedes their accepted names; also precedes hybrid formula of hybrids, alternative accepted cultivar names, or other alternative accepted names in literature citations.

=~ precedes probable generic synonyms that are treated as synonyms in GRIN but may be accepted elsewhere.

~ precedes possible generic synonyms that are accepted in GRIN but treated as synonyms elsewhere.

≡ indicates homotypic synonymy, i.e. based on the same type as the accepted name, as per a basionym.

aggr. aggregate, an informal grouping of related species.

Amer. American.

anon. anonymous.

auct. auctorum (Latin): of authors. Used to represent the preponderant incorrect usage of a name that has been widely misapplied.

auct. mult. auctorum multorum (Latin): of many authors. Used to represent a common incorrect usage of a name that has been widely misapplied.

auct. nonn. auctorum nonnullorum (Latin): of some authors. Used to represent an occasional incorrect usage of a name that has been sometimes misapplied.

auct. pl. auctorum plurimorum (Latin): of most authors. Used to represent the preponderant incorrect usage of a name that has been widely misapplied.

c. central.

cult. cultivated, cultivation.

cum (Latin): with, together with.

cv. cultivar, a taxonomic rank applied to cultivated plants under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants–1995 (Trehane et al., 1995).

e. east, e.-c. east-central.

Eur. European.

f. forma, one of the lowest taxonomic ranks; or, when following an author, filius (Latin): son (e.g., L. f.: son of Linnaeus).

fide (Latin): according to.

hort. hortulanorum (Latin): of gardeners.

hort. nonn. hortulanorum nonnullorum (Latin): of some gardeners.

hybr. catch-all designation used in GRIN to accommodate germplasm of hybrid parentage within a given genus for which no hybrid binomial exists.

in adnot. in adnotatione(Latin): in annotation, in a note.

ined. ineditus(Latin): unpublished.

introd. introduced.

n. north, n.-c. north-central, n.e. northeast, n.w. northwest.

natzd. naturalized.

nom. ambig. nomen ambiguum (Latin): ambiguous name used in different senses which has become a long-persistent source of error.

nom. confus. nomen confusum (Latin): confused name.

nom. cons. nomen conservandum (Latin): name conserved under Art. 14 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) (Greuter et al., 2000).

nom. dub. nomen dubium (Latin): dubious name, i.e., application of name uncertain.

nom. illeg. nomen illegitimum (Latin): illegitimate name according to Art. 52 or Art. 53 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) (Greuter et al., 2000).

nom. inval. nomen invalidum, nomen non rite publicatum (Latin): name not validly published according to Art. 32 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 2000).

nom. nov. nomen novum (Latin): replacement name for an older name typified by the type of the older name according to Art. 7.3 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 2000).

nom. nud. nomen nudum (Latin): name published without description or reference to a published description.

nom. rej. nomen rejiciendum (Latin): name rejected under Art. 14 or Art. 56 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 2000).

nom. superfl. nomen superfluum (Latin): an illegitimate name that was superfluous when published according to Art. 52 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 2000).

notho- (subsp. or var.) prefix to the rank of a hybrid taxon below the rank of species.

orth. rej. rejected orthographic variant under Art. 14.11 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 2000).

orth. var. orthographic variant, i.e., an incorrect alternate spelling of a name according to Art. 61 of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 2000).

p.p. pro parte (Latin): in part.

pro hyb. pro hybrida (Latin): as a hybrid.

prol. proles, a taxonomic rank formerly applied to cultivated plants and basically equivalent to the current cultivar-group.

prop. propositus (Latin): proposed.

pro parte (Latin): in part.

pro parte majore (Latin): for the greater part.

pro parte minore (Latin): for a small part.

pro sp. pro specie (Latin): as a species.

pro subsp. pro subspecie (Latin): as a subspecies.

pro syn. pro synonymo (Latin): as a synonym.

s. south, s.-c. south-central, s.e. southeast, s.w. southwest.

sensu (Latin): in the sense of.

spp. catch-all designation used in GRIN to accommodate germplasm of an unidentified or unnamed species in a given genus.

subsp. subspecies, a lower taxonomic rank than species.

typo excl. typo excluso (Latin): with the type excluded.

typo incl. typo incluso (Latin): with the type included.

var. variety, a taxonomic rank below subspecies and above forma.

w. west, w.-c. west-central.