ÿWPC˜ ²šÉè‡Ú6sœ­Ar¨3«”q«Í‹Aq‹t‰Ý. Ú·’«|ÚÈ—* Ù¡zЊ’\s”ž°/ËõVy¦ˆŠ¸Ñÿ¬LZ!»lÄö¾Ú•¦Æ]ãáØQ»ÝÑ,QŸt™8!,¿ ÄÀ Ï{Ë©©¥›çó–9ÿ¶ÍÆÿÒ@æÖ„ÿµÐkng%&UÂdi¼ƒz‹Þ/‹V uYl*EüN—m$ÿ)×ÛfG[“å9£`:Îs´ô;’çªïaVp^r`¤7—×W߉\7Ò§œ&4xœ ˆÉÛf}Óf¥vÈPLUPø2}Ï®j€uÏ«còÉ ¼›=?l©Âd×ò¸õ¹Å#Ùí Ñ†:…‘#™ÛÃýÜ4Ú-¼Ù˜Tp}Ô)ù`AóxþÞ¯ŸR9<ÀA×°ÛDßÇ­aÀÀ„XÓ_]Â\ÿB¾UD²¬Ê¦Po±(÷gçy?ǹԎá\Ì`É ÀÅŸÙת‚Háá6ʧ֔äÍàv%WmÇKm2„dôÚ÷bœ²s~ÙuÏðÀÍcŸé§PøÀšzÎ5“HGXOápÏMÂz4PÈõðâd‚aÄN<­BE(jäÍʉ'i+èòÑk†~‹YD6-*zd³ü^\ôƒ>ßÌŸç$#!øUN %g 0(mU N• 1ã±p^ !w@-4m m’ 0³© 0Ð\ 0z, 0¦¦ 0·L 0C 0bF B¨ 0DÅ – EŸN¡ 1£›00¥Ë 1up"åå. 0c5˜HP LaserJet 4L,ü,,,,,ü0(ÖÃ9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(ÿ!CEMU]emu}AutoList2(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii §Ý ƒ¯'ÝÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àFEDERAL€RULES€OF€CIVIL€PROCEDUREà0  àà0x (# (#àÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú*q7,c ‘’“”U• –D—a˜D™Dðt‹+ ‚3|x™ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀPMÿÿ0HeadingChapter HeadingÈà@ì.. àòòò òÛ  ÛÔ2ÔI.Ô3  Ô€Ô  ÔÔ  ÔˆÌÌóóó ótZ ÿÿ4Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersàÐ.. àÛ  ÛÔ2ÔI.Ô3  Ô€ˆÔ úÿ Ôà0..àÌÌR& ÿÿ8BibliogrphyBibliographyà0.. àà°..àÌÌLHÿÿ6SubheadingSubheadingò òÛ  ÛÔ2ÔA.Ô3  Ôà.. àÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÌÌó óx?«t2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paperÓÈÓÑ °ÑÑè°ÑÖ€ÿÿÖ(2C$¨¨Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝTÿÿ:Reset Ln NumReset Ln NumØ Ø d(3¯$§§Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý ŒÝ ƒC(ÝÝ  ÝÔ‡;XXXÔÓÈÓÒX°ÒÒ°°ÒÓÿÿÀ°œXÓß?€'ü°ø*–dEü°ø*?ßß?€'°ø*–dE°ø*?ßÌÌà\\Àà1ˆÌÌà\\Àà2ˆÌÌà\\Àà3ˆÌÌà\\Àà4ˆÌÌà\\Àà5ˆÌÌà\\Àà6ˆÌÌà\\Àà7ˆÌÌà\\Àà8ˆÌÌà\\Àà9ˆÌÌàøøÀà10ˆÌÌàøøÀà11ˆÌÌàøøÀà12ˆÌÌàøøÀà13ˆÌÌàøøÀà14ˆÌÌàøøÀà15ˆÌÌàøøÀà16ˆÌÌàøøÀà17ˆÌÌàøøÀà18ˆÌÌàøøÀà19ˆÌÌàøøÀà20ˆÌÌàøøÀà21ˆÌÌàøøÀà22ˆÌÌàøøÀà23ˆÌÌàøøÀà24ˆÌÌàøøÀà25ˆÌÌàøøÀà26ˆÌÌàøøÀà27ˆÌÌàøøÀà28Ô  à.À+Ô(× CEMU]emu}AutoList1(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) ‘Ý ƒ¯'ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÒ` °ÒÒ` °ÒReport€of€the€Civil€Rules€Advisory€CommitteeÌPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú ›Ý ƒC(ÝÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà  àà ` àÚ  Ú1Ú  Úà0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àFEDERAL€RULES€OF€CIVIL€PROCEDURE3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) Ñ  ÑÑ  Ñ $Ñ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ ` Ñ(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ` °ÑÒ` °Òñ—ñÑX°ÑÒà°Òñ—ññ—ñÑ` °ÑÒ` °Òñ—ñÔ‡X¥XXXÔÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ€!!ñÑñ•ñà€ø%ø%Qø%àò òñ”ñˆÌÌÌñ”ññ•ññ“ñAgenda€F„18€(Appendix€C)ˆÐ X Ðà€ $ $Lø%àRulesˆÌà€    Cø%àSeptember€2001ˆÌñ“ññ•ñÌÖ€ÿÿÖÌÒ` àÒÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌTo:à0 ¸ àHonorable€Anthony€J.€Scirica,€Chair€ÐTü ¸ x¸ x Ðà ¸ àStanding€Committee€on€Rules€of€Practice€and€ProcedureÌÌFrom:à0 ¸ àDavid€F.€Levi,€Chair,€Advisory€Committee€on€ÐÀ¸ x¸ x Ðà ¸ àthe€Federal€Rules€of€Civil€ProcedureÌÌDate:€à0 ¸ àMay€14,€2001ÐÜ„¸ x¸ x ÐÌRe:€€€€€€Report€of€the€Civil€Rules€Advisory€Committeeó óÐ ´\ ÐÌà@øø$ìàòòIntroductionóóˆÐ Œ4 ÐÓ ` ` ’¤°œXÓÌà  àThe€Civil€Rules€Advisory€Committee€met€on€March€12,€2001,Ïand€April€23€and€24,€2001,€at€the€Administrative€Office€of€the€UnitedÏStates€Courts€in€Washington,€D.C.€€It€voted€to€recommend€adoptionÏof€a€new€rule€and€rules€amendments€that€were€published€for€commentÏin€August€2000€and€January€2001,€with€modifications€in€response€toÏthe€public€comments.€€Part€I€of€this€report€details€theseÏrecommendations€in€four€parts.€€The€first€relates€to€new€Civil€RuleÏ7.1,€governing€corporate€disclosure;€this€proposal€parallels€publishedÏproposals€to€amend€Appellate€Rule€26.1€and€to€adopt€a€new€CriminalÏRule€12.4,€and€may€be€affected€by€the€proposal€to€publish€aÏBankruptcy€Rule€that€would€depart€from€these€other€proposals€inÏsignificant€ways.€€The€second€relates€to€amendments€of€Civil€Rule€58Ïaimed€at€the€"separate€document"€requirement,€including€a€conformingÏamendment€of€Civil€Rule€54;€these€proposals€are€integrated€withÏproposals€to€amend€Appellate€Rule€4(a)(7),€and€indeed€began€with€theÏAppellate€Rules€Committee.€€The€third€relates€to€Civil€Rule€81,€whichÏwould€be€amended€to€integrate€better€with€the€separate€rulesÏgoverning€ðð€2254€and€ðð€2255€proceedings;€it€began€in€conjunctionÐ )¸&* ÐÑ!!ñÑâ !âÑÑÑ  ÑÑ` XÑâ !âÑ  Ñwith€review€of€those€rules,€but€can€be€separated€from€them€as€theÏCriminal€Rules€Committee€continues€its€work€on€them.€€The€fourthÏand€final€part€is€a€set€of€technical€amendments€to€conform€forfeitureÏÔ_Ôprovisions€of€the€Supplemental€Admiralty€Rules€to€legislative€changesÏthat€occurred€too€late€to€be€recognized€in€the€Admiralty€RulesÏamendments€that€took€effect€on€December€1,€2000.ÌÌà@ŠŠ&ìà*€*€*€*€*ˆÌÌà@b b ìàòòò òI€Action€Items:€Rules€Published€For€Commentóóó óˆÐ LL  ÐÌà@  ìàòòò òA.€Rules€Published€For€Comment€in€August€2000ó óóóˆÐ $$  ÐÌà  àThree€sets€of€rules€proposals€were€published€for€comment€inÏAugust€2000.€€The€hearing€scheduled€for€January€29,€2001€wasÏcancelled€because€no€one€wished€to€testify.€€Summaries€of€the€writtenÏcomments€are€provided€with€the€discussion€of€each€proposal.€€AlmostÏall€of€the€comments€were€devoted€to€issues€that€were€discussedÏthoroughly€before€the€proposals€were€published.€€Although€theÏdebates€are€familiar,€the€views€of€experienced€practitioners€and€widelyÏrepresentative€bar€groups€lend€added€support€to€some€of€theÏcompeting€positions.€€ÌÌà  àDiscussion€of€each€of€these€proposals€is€complicated€by€the€factÏthat€none€of€them€is€the€sole€responsibility€of€the€Civil€Rules€AdvisoryÏCommittee€among€the€advisory€committees.€€Indeed,€it€is€fair€to€sayÏthat€none€of€them€originated€with€the€Civil€Rules€Committee.€€It€wasÏpossible€to€coordinate€discussion€in€the€Civil€Rules€Committee€withÏactions€taken€at€the€earlier€meetings€of€the€Appellate€Rules€andÏBankruptcy€Rules€Advisory€Committees.€As€to€the€Criminal€RulesÏCommittee,€consultation€between€the€reporters€was€all€that€wasÏÔ_Ôpossible.Ð ”(” Їà  àEach€proposal€is€presented€in€the€form€recommended€forÏadoption.€€Changes€from€the€published€versions€are€described€after€theÏsummary€of€comments€for€each€rule.ñ•ññ–ñÐ  Xe Ðñ–ñÔ_Ôñ–ñØØñ–ñò òÖ€ÿÿÖÖ€ÿÿÖÑ ý Ññ–ñà@òò!¬àñ–ñPROPOSED€AMENDMENTS€TO€THE€FEDERAL€Ð `  Ðà@ìàRULES€OF€CIVIL€PROCEDURE*ó óÔ#†X¥XXX¥“#ÔÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔˆÐ L ì ÐÌÒ¸ ` Òò òÓÓòòRule€7.1.€€Disclosure€StatementÐ $ Ä ÐÓ=€Ù0%…Ð%dÐd=Ó(a)€à0  àWho€Must€File:ó ó€ò òÔ_ÔNongovernmentalÔ_Ô€CorporateÐ ü œ ÐParty.ó ó€€A€Ô_ÔnongovernmentalÔ_Ô€corporate€party€to€anÐ Ü| Ðaction€or€proceeding€in€a€district€court€must€file€twoÏcopies€of€a€statement€that€identifies€any€parentÏcorporation€and€any€publicly€held€corporation€thatÏowns€10%€or€more€of€its€stock€or€states€that€there€isÏno€such€corporation.Ð xx Ðò ò(b)€à0  àTime€for€Filing;€Supplemental€Filing.ó ó€A€party€must:Ðô”xx Ðà0  àò ò(1)€ó ófile€the€Rule€7.1(a)€statement€with€its€firstÐ Ôt Ðappearance,€pleading,€petition,€motion,€response,€orÏother€request€addressed€to€the€court,€andÐ xx Ðà0  àò ò(2)ó ó€promptly€file€a€supplemental€statement€upon€anyÐ d" Ðchange€in€the€information€that€the€statement€requires.óóÐD$äxx ÐÓ=€Ù0%„Ð%d%…Ð%d=ÓÔ_Ôñ˜ñÌñ˜ñ____________________Ô_ÔÌÔ_ÔÓÓÔ‡&Ù0%XX¥Ô*New€material€is€underlined;€matter€to€be€omitted€is€lined€through.Ô#†X¥X%&Ù0Ü#ÔÔ#†X¥XXX¥³#ÔÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔÐ  ô'”!ý ÐÑ!!ñÑâ !âÑÑÑ  ÑÑ` ` Ñâ !âÑ  ÑÒ` ¸ Òò òÓ=€¥X„ÐXd%„Ð%d=Óà@44#ìàCommittee€Noteó óˆÐ   ÐÌà ¸ àRule€7.1€is€drawn€from€Rule€26.1€of€the€Federal€Rules€ofÏAppellate€Procedure,€with€changes€to€adapt€to€the€circumstances€ofÏdistrict€courts€that€dictate€different€provisions€for€the€time€of€filing,Ïnumber€of€copies,€and€the€like.€€The€information€required€byÏRule7.1(a)€reflects€the€"financial€interest"€standard€of€Canon€3C(1)(c)Ïof€the€Code€of€Conduct€for€United€States€Judges.€€This€informationÏwill€support€properly€informed€disqualification€decisions€in€situationsÏthat€call€for€automatic€disqualification€under€Canon€3C(1)(c).€€It€doesÏnot€cover€all€of€the€circumstances€that€may€call€for€disqualificationÏunder€the€financial€interest€standard,€and€does€not€deal€at€all€withÏother€circumstances€that€may€call€for€disqualification.ÌÌà ¸ àAlthough€the€disclosures€required€by€Rule€7.1(a)€may€seemÏlimited,€they€are€calculated€to€reach€a€majority€of€the€circumstancesÏthat€are€likely€to€call€for€disqualification€on€the€basis€of€financialÏinformation€that€a€judge€may€not€know€or€recollect.€€Framing€a€ruleÏthat€calls€for€more€detailed€disclosure€will€be€difficult.€€UnnecessaryÏdisclosure€requirements€place€a€burden€on€the€parties€and€on€courts.€ÏUnnecessary€disclosure€of€volumes€of€information€may€create€a€riskÏthat€a€judge€will€overlook€the€one€bit€of€information€that€might€requireÏdisqualification,€and€also€may€create€a€risk€that€unnecessaryÏdisqualifications€will€be€made€rather€than€attempt€to€unravel€aÏpotentially€difficult€question.€€It€has€not€been€feasible€to€dictate€moreÏdetailed€disclosure€requirements€in€Rule€7.1(a).ÌÌà ¸ àRule€7.1€does€not€prohibit€local€rules€that€require€disclosuresÏin€addition€to€those€required€by€Rule€7.1.€€Developing€experience€withÏlocal€disclosure€practices€and€advances€in€electronic€technology€mayÏprovide€a€foundation€for€adopting€more€detailed€disclosureÏrequirements€by€future€amendments€of€Rule€7.1.Ô#†X¥XXX¥„#ÔÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔÐ ¨'” Ðòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ  ”(€  Ðà@˜ ˜ ìàòòChanges€Made€After€Publication€and€CommentóóˆÐ   ÐÌà ¸ àThe€provisions€that€would€require€disclosure€of€additionalÏinformation€that€may€be€required€by€the€Judicial€Conference€have€beenÏdeleted.ÌÌÒ¸ ` ÒÓÓò òRule€54.€Judgments;€Costsó óÐ œˆ ÐÓ=€Ù0%Ð%dX„ÐXd=Óà@¶¶)à*€*€*€*€*ˆÌò ò(d)€Costs;€Attorneysðð€Fees.ó óÐ L8  Ðà@¶¶)à*€*€*€*€*ˆÌà0  àò ò(2)ó ó€à0hxxàòòAttorneysðð€Fees.óóÐüè hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(A)ó ó€Claims€for€attorneysðð€fees€and€relatedÐ ÜÈ Ðnontaxable€expenses€shall€be€made€by€motionÏunless€the€substantive€law€governing€the€actionÏprovides€for€the€recovery€of€such€fees€as€anÏelement€of€damages€to€be€proved€at€trial.Ð hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(B)ó ó€Unless€otherwise€provided€by€statute€orÐ # Ðorder€of€the€court,€the€motion€must€be€filedÏò òand€servedó ó€no€later€than€14€days€after€entry€ofÐ Ô&À Ðjudgment;€must€specify€the€judgment€and€theÐ ¬(˜  Ðstatute,€rule,€or€other€grounds€entitling€theÏmoving€party€to€the€award;€and€must€state€theÏamount€or€provide€a€fair€estimate€of€theÏamount€sought.€€If€directed€by€the€court,€theÏmotion€shall€also€disclose€the€terms€of€anyÏagreement€with€respect€to€fees€to€be€paid€forÏthe€services€for€which€claim€is€made.Ð hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(C)ó ó€On€request€of€a€party€or€class€member,€theÐ üè  Ðcourt€shall€afford€an€opportunity€for€adversaryÏsubmissions€with€respect€to€the€motion€inÏaccordance€with€Rule€43(e)€or€Rule€78.€€TheÏcourt€may€determine€issues€of€liability€for€feesÏbefore€receiving€submissions€bearing€on€issuesÏof€evaluation€of€services€for€which€liability€isÏimposed€by€the€court.€€The€court€shall€find€theÏfacts€and€state€its€conclusions€of€law€asÏprovided€in€Rule€52(a)ò ò,€and€a€judgment€shallÐ œ(ˆ  Ðbe€set€forth€in€a€separate€document€asÏprovided€in€Rule€58ó ó.Ðì Øhxhx Ðà@¶¶)àò ò*€*€*€*€*ó óˆÐ Ä° ÐÒ` ¸ ÒÓ=€Ù0%€Ð%d%Ð%d=ÓÓÓà@44#ìàò òCommittee€Noteó óˆÐ œˆ ÐÌà ¸ àSubdivision€(d)(2)(C)€is€amended€to€delete€the€requirementÏthat€judgment€on€a€motion€for€attorney€fees€be€set€forth€in€a€separateÏdocument.€€This€change€complements€the€amendment€of€RuleÏ58(a)(1),€which€deletes€the€separate€document€requirement€for€anÏorder€disposing€of€a€motion€for€attorney€fees€under€Rule€54.€€TheseÏchanges€are€made€to€support€amendment€of€Rule€4€of€the€FederalÏRules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€It€continues€to€be€important€that€aÏdistrict€court€make€clear€its€meaning€when€it€intends€an€order€to€be€theÏfinal€disposition€of€a€motion€for€attorney€fees.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€requirement€in€subdivision€(d)(2)(B)€that€a€motion€forÏattorney€fees€be€not€only€filed€but€also€served€no€later€than€14€daysÏafter€entry€of€judgment€is€changed€to€require€filing€only,€to€establishÏa€parallel€with€Rules€50,€52,€and€59.€€Service€continues€to€be€requiredÏunder€Rule€5(a).ÌÌÒ¸ ` ÒÓÓò òRule€58.€Entry€of€Judgmentó óÐ 4!  ÐÓ=€Ù0%Ð%d%€Ð%d=Óà  àò òSubject€to€the€provisions€of€Rule€54(b):€(1)€upon€aÐ  #ø Ðgeneral€verdict€of€a€jury,€or€upon€a€decision€by€the€court€thatÏa€party€shall€recover€only€a€sum€certain€or€costs€or€that€allÏrelief€shall€be€denied,€the€clerk,€unless€the€court€otherwiseÐ ”(€  Ðorders,€shall€forthwith€prepare,€sign,€and€enter€the€judgmentÏwithout€awaiting€any€direction€by€the€court;€(2)€upon€aÏdecision€by€the€court€granting€other€relief,€or€upon€a€specialÏverdict€or€a€general€verdict€accompanied€by€answers€toÏinterrogatories,€the€court€shall€promptly€approve€the€form€ofÏthe€judgment,€and€the€clerk€shall€thereupon€enter€it.€€EveryÏjudgment€shall€be€set€forth€on€a€separate€document.€€AÏjudgment€is€effective€only€when€so€set€forth€and€when€enteredÏas€provided€in€Rule€79(a).€€Entry€of€the€judgment€shall€not€beÏdelayed,€nor€the€time€for€appeal€extended,€in€order€to€tax€costsÏor€award€fees,€except€that,€when€a€timely€motion€forÏattorneysðð€fees€is€made€under€Rule€54(d)(2),€the€court,€beforeÏa€notice€of€appeal€has€been€filed€and€has€become€effective,Ïmay€order€that€the€motion€have€the€same€effect€under€RuleÏ4(a)(4)€of€the€Federal€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure€as€aÏâ âtimely€motion€under€Rule€59.€€Attorneys€shall€not€submitÐ ¼&¨ Ðforms€of€judgment€except€upon€direction€of€the€court,€andÏthese€directions€shall€not€be€given€as€a€matter€of€course.ó óÐ  ì Ø Ðâ âò òòò(a)€à0  àSeparate€Document.ó óÐ xx Ðà0  àò ò(1)ó ó€€Every€judgment€and€amended€judgment€must€beÐ ì Ø Ðset€forth€on€a€separate€document,€but€a€separateÏdocument€is€not€required€for€an€order€disposing€of€aÏmotion:Ð xx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàà h àò ò(A)ó ó€€for€judgment€under€Rule€50(b);ÐT@ ÀxÀx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(B)ó ó€€to€amend€or€make€additional€findings€ofÐ 4  Ðfact€under€Rule€52(b);Ð hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàà h àò ò(C)ó ó€€for€attorney€fees€under€Rule€54;ÐìØÀxÀx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(D)ó ó€€for€a€new€trial,€or€to€alter€or€amend€theР̸ Ðjudgment,€under€Rule€59;€orÐ hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàà h àò ò(E)ó ó€€for€relief€under€Rule€60.ЄpÀxÀx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà  àò ò(2)ó ó€€Subject€to€Rule€54(b):Ðd!Phxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(A)ó ó€€unless€the€court€orders€otherwise,€theÐ D#0 Ðclerk€must,€without€awaiting€the€courtððsÏdirection,€promptly€prepare,€sign,€and€enter€theÏjudgment€Ô_Ôwhen:ÐÔ(À hxhx ÐÔ_Ôñ™ñÐ    Ðñ™ñÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàà0ÀxÀxàà À àò ò(i)ó ó€€the€jury€returns€a€general€verdict,Ð xx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàò ò(ii)ó ó€the€court€awards€only€costs€or€aÐ ô à Ðsum€certain,€orÐ ÀxÀx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàà0ÀxÀxàà À àò ò(iii)ó ó€the€court€denies€all€relief;Ь˜xx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(B)ó ó€€the€court€must€promptly€approve€the€formÐ Œx Ðof€the€judgment,€which€the€clerk€mustÏpromptly€enter,€when:Ð hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàò ò(i)ó ó€€the€jury€returns€a€special€verdict€orÐ   Ða€general€verdict€accompanied€byÏinterrogatories,€orÐ ÀxÀx Ðà0  àà0hxxàà0Àhxhxàò ò(ii)ó ó€the€court€grants€other€relief€notÐ ¬˜ Ðdescribed€in€Rule€58(a)(2).Ð ÀxÀx Ðò ò(b)€à  àTime€of€Entry.ó ó€€Judgment€is€entered€for€purposes€ofÐ d!P Ðthese€rules:Ìà0  àò ò(1)ó ó€if€Rule€58(a)(1)€does€not€require€a€separateÐ % Ðdocument,€when€it€is€entered€in€the€civil€docket€underÏRule€79(a),€andÐÔ(À xx Ðà0  àò ò(2)ó ó€if€Rule€58(a)(1)€requires€a€separate€document,Ð   Ðwhen€it€is€entered€in€the€civil€docket€under€Rule€79(a)Ïand€when€the€earlier€of€these€events€occurs:Ð xx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(A)ó ó€€when€it€is€set€forth€on€a€separateÐ ¤ Ðdocument,€orÐ hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxàò ò(B)ó ó€€when€150€days€have€run€from€entry€in€theÐ \H  Ðcivil€docket€under€Rule€79(a).Ð hxhx Ðò ò(c)€Cost€or€Fee€Awards.ó óÐ   Ðà0  àò ò(1)ó ó€€Entry€of€judgment€may€not€be€delayed,€nor€theÐ ìØ Ðtime€for€appeal€extended,€in€order€to€tax€costs€orÏaward€fees,€except€as€provided€in€Rule€58(c)(2).Ð xx Ðà0  àò ò(2)ó ó€€When€a€timely€motion€for€attorney€fees€is€madeÐ |h Ðunder€Rule€54(d)(2),€the€court€may€act€before€a€noticeÏof€appeal€has€been€filed€and€has€become€effective€toÏorder€that€the€motion€have€the€same€effect€underÏFederal€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€4(a)(4)€as€aÏtimely€motion€under€Rule€59.м(¨ xx Ðò ò(d)€à  àRequest€for€Entry.ó ó€€A€party€may€request€thatÐ   Ðjudgment€be€set€forth€on€a€separate€document€as€required€byÏRule€58(a)(1).óóР̸ ÐÒ` ¸ ÒÓÓÓ=€Ù0%€Ð%d%Ð%d=Óà@44#ìàò òCommittee€Noteó óˆÐ ¤ ÐÌà ¸ àRule€58€has€provided€that€a€judgment€is€effective€only€whenÏset€forth€on€a€separate€document€and€entered€as€provided€in€RuleÏ79(a).€€This€simple€separate€document€requirement€has€been€ignoredÏin€many€cases.€€The€result€of€failure€to€enter€judgment€on€a€separateÏdocument€is€that€the€time€for€making€motions€under€Rules€50,€52,Ï54(d)(2)(B),€59,€and€some€motions€under€Rule€60,€never€begins€toÏrun.€€The€time€to€appeal€under€Appellate€Rule€4(a)€also€does€not€beginÏto€run.€€There€have€been€few€visible€problems€with€respect€to€Rule€50,Ï52,€54(d)(2)(B),€59,€or€60€motions,€but€there€have€been€many€andÏhorridly€confused€problems€under€Appellate€Rule€4(a).€€TheseÏamendments€are€designed€to€work€in€conjunction€with€Appellate€RuleÏ4(a)€to€ensure€that€appeal€time€does€not€linger€on€indefinitely,€and€toÏmaintain€the€integration€of€the€time€periods€set€for€Rules€50,€52,Ï54(d)(2)(B),€59,€and€60€with€Appellate€Rule€4(a).ÌÌà ¸ àRule€58(a)€preserves€the€core€of€the€present€separateÏdocument€requirement,€both€for€the€initial€judgment€and€for€anyÏamended€judgment.€€No€attempt€is€made€to€sort€through€the€confusionÏthat€some€courts€have€found€in€addressing€the€elements€of€a€separateÏdocument.€€It€is€easy€to€prepare€a€separate€document€that€recites€theÏterms€of€the€judgment€without€offering€additional€explanation€orÏcitation€of€authority.€€Forms€31€and€32€provide€examples.ÌÌà ¸ àRule€58€is€amended,€however,€to€address€a€problem€that€arisesÏunder€Appellate€Rule€4(a).€€Some€courts€treat€such€orders€as€thoseÐ œ(ˆ  Ðthat€deny€a€motion€for€new€trial€as€a€"judgment,"€so€that€appeal€timeÏdoes€not€start€to€run€until€the€order€is€entered€on€a€separate€document.€ÏWithout€attempting€to€address€the€question€whether€such€orders€areÏappealable,€and€thus€judgments€as€defined€by€Rule€54(a),€theÏamendment€provides€that€entry€on€a€separate€document€is€not€requiredÏfor€an€order€disposing€of€the€motions€listed€in€Appellate€Rule€4(a).€ÏThe€enumeration€of€motions€drawn€from€the€Appellate€Rule€4(a)€listÏis€generalized€by€omitting€details€that€are€important€for€appeal€timeÏpurposes€but€that€would€unnecessarily€complicate€the€separateÏdocument€requirement.€€As€one€example,€it€is€not€required€that€any€ofÏthe€enumerated€motions€be€timely.€€Many€of€the€enumerated€motionsÏare€frequently€made€before€judgment€is€entered.€€The€exemption€of€theÏorder€disposing€of€the€motion€does€not€excuse€the€obligation€to€setÏforth€the€judgment€itself€on€a€separate€document.€€And€if€dispositionÏof€the€motion€results€in€an€amended€judgment,€the€amended€judgmentÏmust€be€set€forth€on€a€separate€document.ÌÌà ¸ àRule€58(b)€discards€the€attempt€to€define€the€time€when€aÏjudgment€becomes€"effective."€€Taken€in€conjunction€with€the€RuleÏ54(a)€definition€of€a€judgment€to€include€"any€order€from€which€anÏappeal€lies,"€the€former€Rule€58€definition€of€effectiveness€could€causeÏstrange€difficulties€in€implementing€pretrial€orders€that€are€appealableÏunder€interlocutory€appeal€provisions€or€under€expansive€theories€ofÏfinality.€€Rule€58(b)€replaces€the€definition€of€effectiveness€with€a€newÏprovision€that€defines€the€time€when€judgment€is€entered.€€If€judgmentÏis€promptly€set€forth€on€a€separate€document,€as€should€be€done€whenÏrequired€by€Rule€58(a)(1),€the€new€provision€will€not€change€the€effectÏof€Rule€58.€€But€in€the€cases€in€which€court€and€clerk€fail€to€complyÏwith€this€simple€requirement,€the€motion€time€periods€set€by€Rules€50,Ï52,€54,€59,€and€60€begin€to€run€after€expiration€of€150€days€from€entryÏof€the€judgment€in€the€civil€docket€as€required€by€Rule€79(a).Ìâ âÐ ¨'” Ðà ¸ àA€companion€amendment€of€Appellate€Rule€4(a)(7)€integratesÏâ âthese€changes€with€the€time€to€appeal.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€new€all„purpose€definition€of€the€entry€of€judgment€mustÏbe€applied€with€common€sense€to€other€questions€that€may€turn€on€theÏtime€when€judgment€is€entered.€€If€the€150„day€provision€in€RuleÏ58(b)(2)(B)€ð"ð€designed€to€integrate€the€time€for€post„judgmentÏmotions€with€appeal€time€ð"ð€serves€no€purpose,€or€would€defeat€theÏpurpose€of€another€rule,€it€should€be€disregarded.€€In€theory,€forÏexample,€the€separate€document€requirement€continues€to€apply€to€anÏinterlocutory€order€that€is€appealable€as€a€final€decision€underÏcollateral„order€doctrine.€€Appealability€under€collateral„orderÏdoctrine€should€not€be€complicated€by€failure€to€enter€the€order€as€aÏjudgment€on€a€separate€document€ð"ð€there€is€little€reason€to€force€trialÏjudges€to€speculate€about€the€potential€appealability€of€every€order,Ïand€there€is€no€means€to€ensure€that€the€trial€judge€will€always€reachÏthe€same€conclusion€as€the€court€of€appeals.€€Appeal€time€should€startÏto€run€when€the€collateral€order€is€entered€without€regard€to€creationÏof€a€separate€document€and€without€awaiting€expiration€of€the€150Ïdays€provided€by€Rule€58(b)(2).€€Drastic€surgery€on€Rules€54(a)€andÏ58€would€be€required€to€address€this€and€related€issues,€however,€andÏit€is€better€to€leave€this€conundrum€to€the€pragmatic€disregard€thatÏseems€its€present€fate.€€The€present€amendments€do€not€seem€to€makeÏmatters€worse,€apart€from€one€false€appearance.€€If€a€pretrial€order€isÏset€forth€on€a€separate€document€that€meets€the€requirements€of€RuleÏ58(b),€the€time€to€move€for€reconsideration€seems€to€begin€to€run,Ïperhaps€years€before€final€judgment.€€And€even€if€there€is€no€separateÏdocument,€the€time€to€move€for€reconsideration€seems€to€begin€150Ïdays€after€entry€in€the€civil€docket.€€This€apparent€problem€is€resolvedÏby€Rule€54(b),€which€expressly€permits€revision€of€all€orders€not€madeÏfinal€under€Rule€54(b)€"at€any€time€before€the€entry€of€judgmentÏadjudicating€all€the€claims€and€the€rights€and€liabilities€of€all€theÏparties."Ð ”(€  Їà ¸ àNew€Rule€58(d)€replaces€the€provision€that€attorneys€shall€notÏsubmit€forms€of€judgment€except€on€direction€of€the€court.€€ThisÏprovision€was€added€to€Rule€58€to€avoid€the€delays€that€wereÏfrequently€encountered€by€the€former€practice€of€directing€theÏattorneys€for€the€prevailing€party€to€prepare€a€form€of€judgment,€andÏalso€to€avoid€the€occasionally€inept€drafting€that€resulted€fromÏattorney„prepared€judgments.€€See€òò11€Wright,€Miller€&€Kane,€FederalÐ œˆ ÐPractice€&€Procedure:€Civil€2d,€ðð€2786óó.€€The€express€direction€inÐ ˆt ÐRule€58(a)(2)€for€prompt€action€by€the€clerk,€and€by€the€court€if€courtÏaction€is€required,€addresses€this€concern.€€The€new€provisionÏallowing€any€party€to€move€for€entry€of€judgment€on€a€separateÏdocument€will€protect€all€needs€for€prompt€commencement€of€theÏperiods€for€motions,€appeals,€and€execution€or€other€enforcement.Ô#†X¥XXX¥# #ÔÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔÐ $  ÐÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ üè  ÐÌà@˜ ˜ ìàòòChanges€Made€After€Publication€and€CommentóóˆÐ ÔÀ ÐÌà ¸ àMinor€style€changes€were€made.€€The€definition€of€the€time€ofÏentering€judgment€in€Rule€58(b)€was€extended€to€reach€all€Civil€Rules,Ïnot€only€the€Rules€described€in€the€published€version€ð"ð€Rules€50,€52,Ï54(d)(2)(B),€59,€60,€and€62.€€And€the€time€of€entry€was€extended€fromÏ60€days€to€150€days€after€entry€in€the€civil€docket€without€a€requiredÏseparate€document.ÌÌÒ¸ ` Òò òRule€81(a):€Rules€Governing€Habeas€Corpusó óÐ  "  ÐÌò òRule€81.€Applicability€in€GeneralÐ ø#ä ÐÌÓÓÓ=€Ù0%Ð%d%€Ð%d=Ó(a)€To€What€Proceedings€Applicable.ó óÐ Ð%¼ Ðà@¶¶)à*€*€*€*€*ˆÐ ¨'” Ðà0  à(2)€These€rules€are€applicable€to€proceedings€forÏadmission€to€citizenship,€habeas€corpus,€and€quoÏwarranto,€to€the€extent€that€the€practice€in€suchÏproceedings€is€not€set€forth€in€statutes€of€the€UnitedÏStatesòò,€the€Rules€Governing€Section€2254€Cases,€orÐ t` Ðthe€Rules€Governing€Section€2255€Proceedings,óó€andÐ L8  Ðhas€heretofore€conformed€to€the€practice€in€civilÏactions.€€ò òThe€writ€of€habeas€corpus,€or€order€to€showÐ üè  Ðcause,€shall€be€directed€to€the€person€having€custodyÏof€the€person€detained.€€It€shall€be€returned€within€3Ïdays€unless€for€good€cause€shown€additional€time€isÏallowed€which€in€cases€brought€under€28€U.S.C.€ððÏ2254€shall€not€exceed€40€days,€and€in€all€other€casesÏshall€not€exceed€20€days.ó óÐ #øxx Ðà@¶¶)à*€*€*€*€*ˆÌÒ` ¸ ÒÓ=€Ù0%€Ð%d%Ð%d=ÓÓÓà@44#ìàò òCommittee€Noteó óˆÐ ¼&¨ Ðâ âÐ ¨'” Ðà ¸ àThis€amendment€brings€Rule€81(a)(2)€into€accord€with€theÏâ âRules€Governing€ðð€2254€and€ðð€2255€proceedings.€€In€its€present€form,ÏRule€81(a)(2)€includes€return„time€provisions€that€are€inconsistentÏwith€the€provisions€in€the€Rules€Governing€ðððð€2254€and€2255.€€TheÏinconsistency€should€be€eliminated,€and€it€is€better€that€the€timeÏprovisions€continue€to€be€set€out€in€the€other€rules€without€duplicationÏin€Rule€81.€€Rule€81€also€directs€that€the€writ€be€directed€to€the€personÏhaving€custody€of€the€person€detained.€€Similar€directions€exist€in€theÏðð€2254€and€ðð€2255€rules,€providing€additional€detail€for€applicantsÏsubject€to€future€custody.€€There€is€no€need€for€partial€duplication€inÏRule€81.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€provision€that€the€civil€rules€apply€to€the€extent€thatÏpractice€is€not€set€forth€in€the€ðð€2254€and€ðð€2255€rules€dovetails€withÏthe€provisions€in€Rule€11€of€the€ðð€2254€rules€and€Rule€12€of€theÏðð2255€rules.Ô#†X¥XXX¥k^#ÔÔ‡X¥XXX¥ÔÐ èÔ  ÐÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ À¬ ÐÌÑ€*Ñà@˜ ˜ ìàòòChanges€Made€After€Publication€and€CommentóóˆÐ ˜„ ÐÌà ¸ àThe€only€change€since€publication€is€deletion€of€an€inadvertentÏreference€to€ðð€2241€proceedings.ÌÌÒ¸ ` ÒÓ  Óà@@ü ü àòòò òAdmiralty€Rules€Published€for€Comment€inÐ 4!  ÐJanuary€2001ó óóóÐ  "  ÐÓÒkÓÌò òRule€C.€In€Rem€Actions:€Special€Provisionsó óÐ ø#ä ÐÌÓ=€Ù0%Ð%d%€Ð%d=Óà@¶¶)à*€*€*€*€*ˆÌÌò òÓÓ(3)€Judicial€Authorization€and€Process.Ð ¨'” ÐÑ*Ñâ âÑÑÑ  Ñâ âÑ  Ñà0  à(a)€à0hxxàArrest€Warrant.Ð hxhx Ðà0  àà0hxxà(i)ó ó€€When€the€United€States€files€a€complaintÐ ì Ø Ðdemanding€a€forfeiture€for€violation€of€aÏfederal€statute,€the€clerk€must€promptly€issueÏa€summons€and€a€warrant€for€the€arrest€of€theÏvessel€or€other€property€without€requiring€aÏcertification€of€exigent€circumstancesòò,€but€ifÐ ,  Ðthe€property€is€real€property€the€United€StatesÏmust€proceed€under€applicable€statutoryÏproceduresóó.д hxhx Ðà@œœ(à€*€*€*ò òó ó€*€*ˆÐ Œx Ðò òà0  àà ¸ à(6)€Responsive€Pleading;€Interrogatories.ó óÐdPxx Ðà0  àò ò(a)€Civil€Forfeiture.ó ó€€In€an€in€rem€forfeiture€action€forÐ