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Physical Review Letters
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January 12, 2009 Photoemission from single-crystal EuNi2P2. The red features are due to interaction between the 4f electrons and the valence band.
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January 12, 2009 Edited by Martin Blume
Letters from the Past — A PRL Retrospective: This week's Milestone Letters were originally published in 2000. Milestone Letters: Optical frequency combs Milestone Letters: Left-handed materials and perfect lenses Milestone Letters >
December 29, 2008
This essay deals with the unique influence that physics and physicists have had on U. S. federal policy since World War II. I identify some “lessons learned” from the last six decades and speculate about the future of U. S. physics and physicists as advisors to future presidents.
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December 16, 2008
Since the birth of Physical Review Letters fifty years ago, condensed matter physics has seen considerable growth, and both the journal and the field have flourished during this period. In this essay, I begin with some general comments about condensed matter physics and then give some personal views on the conceptual development of the field and list some highlights. The focus is mostly on theoretical developments.
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October 1, 2008 When you submit an article to an APS journal, we ask you to sign our copyright form. It transfers copyright for the article to APS, but keeps certain rights for you, the author. We have recently changed the form to add the right to make ‘‘derivative works’’ that reuse parts of the article in a new work. The importance of this change is discussed below.
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September 15, 2008
Information overload is everywhere, and physicists have not escaped. APS alone publishes over 18,000 articles a year, and lurking within them are some truly exceptional papers that every physicist should know about. How can we most effectively bring the best in all of the Physical Review journals to the wider notice of working physicists? Today is the formal debut of a new free online publication called Physics. Available in preliminary form since July, this new venture offers expert-written commentary articles that highlight and provide context for a select group of papers published by APS and occasionally others.
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July 30, 2008 The editors of Physical Review Letters seek a dynamic and personable
colleague to join our group at the American Physical Society.
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January 16, 2009
The quantum jiggling that molecules experience even at the lowest temperatures--motion associated with the uncertainty principle--is not as tiny as researchers assumed and may be detected in the scattering of light through a liquid.
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More Focus Articles
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The timeline features events related to the Physical Review and PRL, as well as seminal developments in physics after 1893. We also list a few important papers published by the journals. Each week, papers published in PRL will be highlighted separately as Milestone Letters.
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To promote reading across fields, the editors of Physical Review Letters offer "Suggestions" each week of papers that they hope will lead readers to explore other areas of physics. Please see our Announcement PRL 98, 010001 (2007).
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Xue Zhao, Pedro A. Quinto-Su, and Claus-Dieter Ohl
We report on shelled bubbles that can be manipulated with magnetic fields. The magnetic shell consists of self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic susceptibility of the bubbles is proportional to the surface area, χb=(9±3×10-6 m)r2 where r is the radius. Magnetic bubbles are compr...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 024501
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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Shuang Zhang, Yong-Shik Park, Jensen Li, Xinchao Lu, Weili Zhang, and Xiang Zhang
We experimentally demonstrate a chiral metamaterial exhibiting negative refractive index at terahertz frequencies. The presence of strong chirality in the terahertz metamaterial lifts the degeneracy for the two circularly polarized waves and allows for the achievement of negative refractive index wi...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 023901
] Published Mon Jan 12, 2009
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Yoshinori Nishino, Yukio Takahashi, Naoko Imamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, and Kazuhiro Maeshima
Coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy is a lensless phase-contrast imaging technique with high image contrast. Although electron tomography allows intensive study of the three-dimensional structure of cellular organelles, it has inherent difficulty with thick objects. X rays have the unique benefit ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 018101
] Published Mon Jan 5, 2009
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Christoph Freysoldt, Jörg Neugebauer, and Chris G. Van de Walle
In ab initio theory, defects are routinely modeled by supercells with periodic boundary conditions. Unfortunately, the supercell approximation introduces artificial interactions between charged defects. Despite numerous attempts, a general scheme to correct for these is not yet available. We propos...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 016402
] Published Mon Jan 5, 2009
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Zheng Liu, Kazu Suenaga, Peter J. Harris, and Sumio Iijima
Edge structures of thermally treated graphite have been studied by means of atomically resolved high-resolution TEM. The method for the determination of a monolayer or more than one layer graphene sheets is established. A series of tilting experiments proves that the zigzag and armchair edges are mo...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 015501
] Published Mon Jan 5, 2009
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Z. Ahmed et al. CDMS Collaboration
We report results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory (CDMS II) featuring the full complement of 30 detectors. A blind analysis of data taken between October 2006 and July 2007 sets an upper limit on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon spin-i...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 011301
] Published Mon Jan 5, 2009
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F. Maccherozzi, M. Sperl, G. Panaccione, J. Minár, S. Polesya, H. Ebert, U. Wurstbauer, M. Hochstrasser, G. Rossi, G. Woltersdorf, W. Wegscheider, and C. H. Back
We report x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry experiments to study magnetic order and coupling in thin Fe/(Ga,Mn)As(100) films. We observe induced magnetic order in the (Ga,Mn)As layer that extends over more than 2 nm, even at room temperat...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 267201
] Published Mon Dec 22, 2008
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J. C. Kasper, A. J. Lazarus, and S. P. Gary
A study of solar-wind hydrogen and helium temperature observations collected by the Wind spacecraft offers compelling evidence of heating by an Alfvén-cyclotron dissipation mechanism. Observations are sorted by the rate of Coulomb interactions, or collisional age, in the plasma and the differential...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 261103
] Published Mon Dec 22, 2008
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James P. Zibin, Adam Moss, and Douglas Scott
The idea that we live near the center of a large, nonlinear void has attracted attention recently as an alternative to dark energy or modified gravity. We show that an appropriate void profile can fit both the latest cosmic microwave background and supernova data. However, this requires either a fin...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 251303
] Published Thu Dec 18, 2008
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K. Hashimoto, C. Sohrmann, J. Wiebe, T. Inaoka, F. Meier, Y. Hirayama, R. A. Römer, R. Wiesendanger, and M. Morgenstern
Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy in an ultrahigh vacuum at low temperature (T=0.3 K) and high magnetic fields (B≤12 T), we directly probe electronic wave functions across an integer quantum Hall transition. In accordance with theoretical predictions, we observe the evolution from lo...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 256802
] Published Mon Dec 15, 2008
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Elementary Particles and Fields
T. Aaltonen et al. CDF Collaboration
We present a search for a Higgs boson decaying to two W bosons in pp̅ collisions at sqrt[s] =1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb-1 collected with the CDF II detector. We find no evidence for production of a Higgs boson...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 021802
] Published Thu Jan 15, 2009
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Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
T. Bayer, M. Wollenhaupt, C. Sarpe-Tudoran, and T. Baumert
We experimentally demonstrate a strong-field coherent control mechanism that combines the advantages of photon locking (PL) and rapid adiabatic passage (RAP). Unlike earlier implementations of PL and RAP by pulse sequences or chirped pulses, we use shaped pulses generated by phase modulation of the ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 023004
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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Ch. Jungen and S. T. Pratt
A simple analytical approach is presented to describe the dissociative recombination (DR) of an electron with H3+ and its isotopomers. The principal assumption is that resonant capture mediated by the Jahn-Teller interaction dominates the cross section. The only input required comes from spectroscop...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 023201
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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An-Chun Ji, Qing Sun, X. C. Xie, and W. M. Liu
We describe an optical system that allows for direct observation of the photonic Josephson effects in two weakly linked microcavities containing ultracold two-level atoms. We show that, by moving the ultracold atoms within one cavity, we could simulate an analogous superconducting circuit and realiz...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 023602
] Published Thu Jan 15, 2009
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Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.
Curtis R. Menyuk and Muhammad Anisuzzaman Talukder
The possibility of using the self-induced transparency effect to passively modelock lasers has been discussed since the late 1960s, but has never been observed. It is proposed that quantum cascade lasers are the ideal tool to create this modelocking, due to their rapid recovery times and relatively ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 023903
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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R. Carretero-González, D. Khatri, Mason A. Porter, P. G. Kevrekidis, and C. Daraio
We provide a quantitative characterization of dissipative effects in one-dimensional granular crystals. We use the propagation of highly nonlinear solitary waves as a diagnostic tool and develop optimization schemes that allow one to compute the relevant exponents and prefactors of the dissipative t...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 024102
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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Xue Zhao, Pedro A. Quinto-Su, and Claus-Dieter Ohl
We report on shelled bubbles that can be manipulated with magnetic fields. The magnetic shell consists of self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic susceptibility of the bubbles is proportional to the surface area, χb=(9±3×10-6 m)r2 where r is the radius. Magnetic bubbles are compr...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 024501
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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S. Y. Annenkov and V. I. Shrira
Modeling of nonlinear random wave fields in nature (and, in particular, their most common example—wind waves in the ocean) is one of the fundamental open problems of natural sciences. The existing theoretical approaches based on the kinetic equation paradigm assume a proximity to stationarity and ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 024502
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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Plasma and Beam Physics
R. W. Lemke, D. B. Sinars, E. M. Waisman, M. E. Cuneo, E. P. Yu, T. A. Haill, H. L. Hanshaw, T. A. Brunner, C. A. Jennings, W. A. Stygar, M. P. Desjarlais, T. A. Mehlhorn, and J. L. Porter
X-ray production by imploding wire-array Z pinches is studied using radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulation. It is found that the density distribution created by ablating wire material influences both x-ray power production, and how the peak power scales with applied current. For a given array the...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 025005
] Published Thu Jan 15, 2009
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Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
Amy C. Cassidy, Douglas Mason, Vanja Dunjko, and Maxim Olshanii
We study the threshold for chaos and its relation to thermalization in the 1D mean-field Bose-Hubbard model, which, in particular, describes atoms in optical lattices. We identify the threshold for chaos, which is finite in the thermodynamic limit, and show that it is indeed a precursor of thermaliz...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 025302
] Published Fri Jan 16, 2009
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Papers recently accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters (view more).
General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
Dynamically induced Zeeman effect in massless QED
Efrain J. Ferrer and Viv de la Inceraian
It is shown that in non-perturbative massless QED an anomalous magnetic moment is dynamically induced by an applied magnetic field. The induced magnetic moment produces a Zeeman splitting for electrons in Landau levels higher than l=0. The expressions for the non-perturbative Lande g-factor and Bohr magneton are obtained. Possible applications of this effect are outlined.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
Large deviations of the maximum eigenvalue for Wishart and Gaussian random matrices
Satya N. Majumdar and Massimo Vergassola
We present a simple Coulomb gas method to calculate analytically the probability of rare events where the maximum eigenvalue of a random matrix is much larger than its typical value. The large deviation function that characterizes this probability is computed explicitly for Wishart and Gaussian ensembles. The method is quite general and applies to other related problems, e.g. the joint large deviation function for large fluctuations of top eigenvalues. Our results are relevant to widely employed data compression techniques, namely the principal components analysis. Analytical predictions are verified by extensive numerical simulations.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
Multiphoton coherent manipulation in large spin qubits
S. Bertaina, L. Chen, N. Groll, J. Van Tol, N. Dalal and I. Chiorescu
Large spin Mn2+ ions (S=5/2) diluted in a non-magnetic MgO matrix of high crystalline symmetry are used to realize a six level system that can be operated by means of multi-photon coherent Rabi oscillations. This spin system has a very small anisotropy which can be tuned in-situ to reversibly transform the system between harmonic and non-harmonic level configurations. Decoherence effects are strongly suppressed as a result of the quasi-isotropic electron interaction with the crystal field and with the 55Mn nuclear spins. These results suggest new ways of manipulating, reading and resetting spin quantum states which can be applied to encode a qubit across several quantum levels.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
Pesin type identity for intermittent dynamics with a zero Lyaponov exponent
Nickolay Korabel and Eli Barkai
Pesin's identity provides a profound connection between the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy hKS and the Lyapunov exponent l. It is well known that many systems exhibit sub-exponential separation of nearby trajectories and then l = 0. In many cases such systems are non ergodic and do not obey usual statistical mechanics. Here we investigate the non ergodic phase of the Pomeau-Manneville map where separation of nearby trajectories follows dxt = dx0 ela ta with 0 < a < 1. The limit distribution of la is the inverse Lévy function. The average < la > is related to the infinite invariant density, and most importantly to entropy. Our work gives a generalized Pesin's identity valid for systems with an infinite invariant density.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
Gravitation and Astrophysics
Effective scenario of loop quantum cosmology
You Ding, Yon Magge and Jinsong Yang
Semiclassical states in isotropic loop quantum cosmology are employed to show that the improved dynamics has the correct classical limit. The effective Hamiltonian for the quantum cosmological model with a massless scalar field is thus obtained, which incorporates also the next to leading order quantum corrections. The possibility that the higher order correction terms may lead to significant departure from the leading order effective scenario is revealed. If the semiclassicality of the model is maintained in the large scale limit, there are great possibilities for k=0 Friedmann expanding universe to undergo a collapse in the future due to the quantum gravity effect. Thus the quantum bounce and collapse may contribute a cyclic universe in the new scenario.
Accepted Thu Jan 15, 2009
Elementary Particles and Fields
Search for neutral Higgs bosons at high tan\beta in the b(h/H/A)\to b\tau^{+} \tau^{-} channel
V. M. Abazov, B. Abbott, M. Abolins, B. S. Acharya, M. Adams, T. Adams, E. Aguilo, M. Ahsan, G. D. Alexeev, G. Alkhazov, A. Alton, G. Alverson, G. A. Alves, M. Anastasoaie, L. S. Ancu, T. Andeen, B. Andrieu, M. S. Anzelc, M. Aoki, Y. Arnoud, M. Arov, M. Arthaud, A. Askew and B. Asman
The first search in \pp collisions at s=1.96 TeV for the production of neutral Higgs bosons in association with bottom quarks and decaying in two tau leptons is presented. The cross section for this process is enhanced in many extensions of the standard model (SM), such as its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) at large \tanb. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 328 pb-1, were collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. An upper limit is set on the production cross section of neutral Higgs bosons in the mass range of 90 to 150 GeV, and this limit is used to exclude part of the MSSM parameter space.
Accepted Thu Jan 15, 2009
Nuclear Physics
Indications of conical emission of charged hadrons at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
B. I. Abelev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, B. D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G. S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L. S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Baumgart, D. R. Beavis, R. Bellwied, F. Benedosso, R. R. Betts, S. Bhardwaj, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, B. Biritz and L. C. Bland
Three-particle azimuthal correlation measurements with a high transverse momentum trigger particle are reported for pp, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at \snn = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment. Dijet structures are observed in pp, d+Au and peripheral Au+Au collisions. An additional structure is observed in central Au+Au data, signaling conical emission of correlated charged hadrons. The conical emission angle is found to be q=1.370.02(stat.)+0.06-0.07(syst.), independent of \pt.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Resonant sum frequency generation with time energy entangled photons
S. Sensarn, Irfan Ali Khan, G. Y. Yin and S. E. Harris
We describe a technique for enhancing the efficiency of sum frequency generation using entangled signal and idler photons. By resonating the sum frequency field, we observe that the generated power varies linearly with input power and is increased by a factor of twelve.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.
Interaction between supersonic disintegrating liquid jets and their shock waves
Kyo Imung Su, SeongKyun Cheong, X. Liu, Jin Wang, M. C. Lai, Mark W. Tate, Alper Ercan, Matt J. Renzi, Daniel R. Schuette and Sol M. Gruner
Shock wave phenomena have been found in enormous fundamental, industrial, military, and medical applications. Despite of their multitudinous roles, there has been significantly less understanding on the structure and dynamics of shock waves generated by supersonic disintegrating jet, i.e. liquid jets. We developed ultrafast x-radiography and a novel multiphase numerical simulation to reveal the unique dynamical characteristics of the shock waves. Unlike conventional shock waves, the liquid-jet-generated shock waves consist of a broad expansion behind a compression caused by the transient deformation of the breaking-up jet leading edge and a strong aerodynamic drag. We demonstrated the detailed structure and interacting mechanism between ambient gas and the supersonic liquid jets, which can be employed to predict the liquid-jet dynamics and structure on nano- to macroscopic scales.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
Low loss metamaterials based on classical electromagnetically induced transparency
Ph. Tassin, Lei Zhang, Th. Koschny, E. N. Economou and C. M. Soukoulis
We demonstrate theoretically that electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved in metamaterials, in which electromagnetic radiation is interacting resonantly with mesoscopic oscillators rather than with atoms. We describe novel metamaterial designs that can support a full dark resonant state upon interaction with an electromagnetic beam and we present results of its frequency-dependent effective permeability and permittivity. These results, showing a transparency window with extremely low absorption and strong dispersion, are confirmed by accurate simulations of the electromagnetic field propagation in the metamaterial.
Accepted Fri Jan 16, 2009
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Of the referees used for Physical Review journals in 2007, 66% were from outside the U.S.
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