1  State of California, Office of the Governor, “Governor Schwarzenegger Signs Sweeping Legislation To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Land-Use,” Press Release GAAS:694:08 (September 30, 2008), web site http://gov.ca.gov/press-release/10697.

2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007), web site www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm.

3 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001), web site www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/index.htm.

4 S.D. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Avervt, M. Tignor, and H.L. Miller (Eds.), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007), web site www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm.

5 J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, and D. Xiaosu (Eds.), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001), web site www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/index.htm

6  This trend leveled off in 2007, and EIA is projecting a 3-percent decline in vehicle-miles traveled for 2008. See web site www.eia.doe. gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html.

7  Carbon emissions factors for the appropriate fuels from this report were applied to Btu values from EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook 2008, Tables A4 and A5, to derive CO₂ emissions related to energy consumed for heating and cooling. Cooling-related emissions were estimated using an average emissions factor for electricity, although it is likely that the emissions came from peaking generation units with emissions factors higher than the average for all generation.

8  There is also a weather effect on the industrial sector, where about 7 percent of energy consumption is estimated to be weather-related. Inclusion of the industrial sector in this analysis would increase the weather effect for both years.

9  HDD (or CDD) provide a measure of how cold (or warm) a location is over a period of time relative to a base temperature (most commonly specified as 65^oF) and, in energy analysis, an indicator of space heating (or air conditioning) energy requirements or use.

10  Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2008, DOE/EIA-0383(2008) (Washington, DC, June 2008), Tables A4 and A5, web site www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/excel/aeo_base.xls.

11  Electrical system energy losses are calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric power sector and the total energy content of retail electricity sales.

12. Compiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. EPA.