| Maternal Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations across Critical Windows of Human Development Michael S. Bloom,1 Germaine M. Buck Louis,1 Enrique F. Schisterman,1 Aiyi Liu,2 and Paul J. Kostyniak3 1Epidemiology Branch, and 2Biometry and Mathematical Statistics Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; 3Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA Abstract
Background: Few data are available on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations over critical windows of human reproduction and development inclusive of the periconception window. Objectives:Our goal was to measure changes in PCB concentrations from preconception to pregnancy, through pregnancy, or after a year without becoming pregnant. Methods: Seventy-nine women planning pregnancies were prospectively enrolled and followed for up to 12 menstrual cycles of attempting pregnancy. Blood specimens were obtained from participating women preconceptionally (n = 79) , after a positive pregnancy test leading to a live birth (n = 54) or pregnancy loss (n = 10) , at approximately 6 weeks postpartum (n = 53) , and after 12 unsuccessful cycles (n = 9) for toxicologic analysis of 76 PCB congeners. We estimated overall and daily rate of change in PCB concentration (nanograms per gram serum) adjusting for relevant covariates, serum lipids, and baseline PCB concentration. Results: Significant (p < 0.0001) decreases in the mean overall and daily rate of change in PCB concentrations were observed between the preconception and first pregnancy samples for total (–1.012 and –0.034, respectively) , estrogenic (–0.444 and –0.016, respectively) , and antiestrogenic (–0.106 and –0.004, respectively) PCBs among women with live births. Similar significant decreases in total (–1.452 and –0.085) , estrogenic (–0.647 and –0.040) , and antiestrogenic (–0.093 and –0.004) PCB concentrations were seen for women with pregnancy losses. No significant changes were observed for PCB congener 153. Conclusions: These data suggest that PCB concentrations may change during the periconception interval, questioning the stability of persistent compounds during this critical window. Key words: critical windows, infertility, periconception, persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) , pregnancy loss. Environ Health Perspect 115:1320–1324 (2007) . doi:10.1289/ehp.10086 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 9 July 2007]
Address correspondence to G.M. Buck Louis, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rm. 7B03, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Telephone: (301) 496-6155. Fax: (301) 402-2084. E-mail: louisg@mail.nih.gov Supplemental Material is available online at http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2007/10086/suppl.pdf The authors acknowledge the earlier efforts of J.E. Vena and B. McGuinness in the establishment of the prospective pregnancy study. This research was supported in part with funding from the Great Lakes Protection Fund (RM791-3021) , the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (H751 ATH 298338) , and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. Received 17 January 2007 ; accepted 6 July 2007.
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